| 11. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Participant Observation in Sport Management Research: Collecting and Interpreting Data of a Successful World Land Speed Record Attempt
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research of Sport and Business. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar. - 9781849800051 ; , s. 477-494
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter aims to introduce the participant observation technique as a method taken from ethnography into the field of research on sports management. The vast majority of sport management research uses questionnaires and interviews or relies on secondary data. A careful observation of ongoing behaviour by the researcher is often ignored, in most cases due to the lack of access. It is emphasized already by Vidich (1955) that what an observer will see shall be conditioned by his personal knowledge, and will depend largely on his particular position in a network of not purely academic relationships. Another reason why participant observation hasn’t made its way as a broadly accepted method into sport management research might be that the methodology of participant observation is sometimes considered epistemologically suspect (Bouchard, 1976; Bruyn, 1963, 1966). We will not look to unpack this reservation in detail in this chapter, but we will emphasize how participant observation could be meaningfully applied in sport management research to provide new insights not easily revealed by other research approaches. The chapter begins with a description of the research setting – the case of Flying Kiwi Promotions Ltd established in 2002 by Phil Garrett for the sole the purpose of breaking the world land speed record for motorcycle and sidecar combinations (i.e. sidecars; Figure 1). Next we will introduce participant observation as a research method and how it is applied in this research. In the analysis we will highlight insights gained by applying participant observation in regards to aspects of finance, promotion, organization and entrepreneurial coordination in the case. The chapter concludes with a discussion of issues raised in terms of their existing understanding in the sports management literature. We will also suggest other fields in sport management research, where this method could be meaningful applied.
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| 12. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Research on Sport as a Business
- 2013
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Sport and Business. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar. - 9781849800051 ; , s. 3-39
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the handbook is to present the current frontier of research on sport and business in theory and in practice. It is designed to function as a catalyst for building and disseminating new ideas around the variety of methods being applied in research on the business aspects of sports as well as of sport-related industries. It shall be read and used by academics, Ph.D. students as well as sports practitioners looking for useful ways of expanding knowledge, conducting research or searching for insights into the challenges of managing sport. We have also attempted to make the handbook useful and accessible to masters and bachelor students who prepare their thesis projects. Although such students will normally be expected to complete their thesis projects in months rather than years, they face the same problems of finding a thesis topic, how to design their research project, the choice of appropriate methods and summarizing their findings as analysed and demonstrated in the chapters in this handbook. The introduction will explain in the following how and why this handbook is structured in thematic clusters, will present some of our thoughts and observations on cross-links between the research methods and chapter topics by introducing the chapters.
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| 13. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Sponsoring as a Strategy to Enter, Develop, and Defend Markets : Advertising Patterns of the Beijing Olympic Games’ Sponsoring Partners
- 2014
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Ingår i: Asian inward and outward FDI. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137312204 ; , s. 36-64
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Olympic Games are an event that attracts the focus of the media and the attention of the entire world for two weeks every four years. The Games are one of the largest international marketing platforms in the world. From the opening ceremony of the XXIXth Olympiad in Beijing 2008 to the moment that Beijing bade farewell, this mega-sporting event was the biggest broadcast event in history. The Beijing Olympic Games were made available across the world, with broadcasts in 220 territories and an estimated potential TV audience of 4.3 billion people. The sporting performances helped drive not only television audiences, but also internet and mobile phone downloads, to new levels. The Beijing Olympics Global Television and Online Media Report (IOC, 2008a) announces that a total of more than 61,700 hours of dedicated Beijing 2008 television and 72 per cent of coverage (44,454 hours) were aired on free-to-air terrestrial channels (all other coverage was aired on either pay TV cable/satellite platforms or free-to-air digital channels). According to the report, the region to enjoy the most dedicated TV coverage in 2008 was Europe with 21,292 hours of coverage. This represents a 46 per cent increase over the 14,602 hours of broadcasting that were reported to have been aired in 2004 during the Athens Games in the European time zones. It is also stated that of the 6.7 billion people globally there was a total of 4.3 billion people who had home access to dedicated Beijing 2008 TV coverage aired by official broadcasters.
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| 14. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961
(författare)
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Sport Arenas Today and Tomorrow: Expert Opinion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Event Tourism: Concepts, International Case Studies, and Research. - New York : Cognizant. - 9781882345601 ; , s. 239-240
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the twenty-first century the stadium has become a center of urban living, incorporating spaces for leisure activities, movie theatres, stores, cafes, restaurants, hotels, and offices, which ensued from a new way to manage the modern facility, regarded as a public area and open seven days a week. These multi-purpose sporting venues also host shows, concerts, and the football (soccer) shares the center space with other sports. The football match or other sports competition, the show or concert itself is the center of a ‘package event’: the pre-phase, break(s), and post-phase are occasions for a variety of attractions, intended not only to appeal to the single spectator or visitor but the whole family, to encourage the spectators/visitors to arrive earlier, leave later, and to consume more in merchandising shops or shopping areas and in bars or restaurants.
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| 15. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Sport as a Business: Introduction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport as Business: International, Professional and Commercial Aspects. - Houndmills, Basingstoke (UK) : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sport today has developed into a major industry in the global market place. Sport businesses build global brands and, increasingly, develop modes of international operation. The proliferation of information technology has made it possible for the sports industry to serve the needs of fans all over the world. They can consume an event real-time or recorded from virtually anywhere. Within this, the opportunities for the promotion of sport, and the benefits for sport and its partners, are significant. This book seeks to provide a deeper understanding of sport’s unique development, its challenges in governance and its logic of value co-creation, as well as the advancement of the sports industry and the management of sports facilities towards internationalisation, professionalization and commercialisation. It covers examples from Europe, Asia, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
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| 16. |
- Engdahl, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal supply air temperature with respect to energy use in a variable air volume system
- 2004
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 36:3, s. 205-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a variable air volume (VAV) system with 100% outdoor air, the cooling need in the building is satisfied with a certain air flow at a certain supply air temperature. To minimize the system energy use, an optimal supply air temperature can be set dependent on the load, specific fan power (SFP), chiller coefficient of performance, outdoor temperature and the outdoor relative humidity. The theory for an optimal supply air temperature is presented and the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) energy use is calculated depending on supply air temperature control strategy, average U-value of the building envelope and two outdoor climates. The analyses show that controlling the supply air temperature optimally results in a significantly lower HVAC energy use than with a constant supply air temperature. The optimal average U-value of the building envelope is in practise mostly zero. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Lina, 1976
(författare)
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Rational reconstructions and the question of function
- 2019
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Ingår i: Rationality and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-4631 .- 1461-7358. ; 31:4, s. 409-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social norm emergence is commonly explained by stating that norms serve certain functions - for example, solving cooperation or coordination problems. But critics argue that examples of norms that do not seem to serve functions show that functions cannot explain social norms. However, both sides tend to make assumptions about how explanations of social norms in terms of functions would work. By discussing four problems for these assumptions, I will show that they are over-simplified. Instead of asking whether norms serve functions, we need to ask more specific questions about the relationship between the norm and the function it supposedly serves.
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| 18. |
- Erlandsson, Ann, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Infiltrating immune cells in prostate cancer tissue after androgen deprivation and radiotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. - : Sage Publications. - 0394-6320 .- 2058-7384. ; 37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has long been a cornerstone in treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and is known to improve the results of radiotherapy (RT) for high-risk disease. The purpose of our study was to use a multiplexed immunohistochemical (mIHC) approach to investigate the infiltration of immune cells in PCa tissue after eight weeks of ADT and/or RT with 10 Gy.Methods: From a cohort of 48 patients divided into two treatment arms, we obtained biopsies before and after treatment and used a mIHC method with multispectral imaging to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in tumor stroma and tumor epithelium, focusing on areas with high infiltration.Results: Tumor stroma showed a significantly higher infiltration of immune cells compared to tumor epithelium. The most prominent immune cells were CD20(+) B-lymphocytes, followed by CD68(+) macrophages, CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cells, FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and T-bet(+) Th1-cells. Neoadjuvant ADT followed by RT significantly increased the infiltration of all five immune cells. Numbers of Th1-cells and Tregs significantly increased after single treatment with ADT or RT. In addition, ADT alone increased the number of cytotoxic T-cells and RT increased the number of B-cells.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant ADT in combination with RT results in a higher inflammatory response compared to RT or ADT alone. The mIHC method may be a useful tool for investigating infiltrating immune cells in PCa biopsies to understand how immunotherapeutic approaches can be combined with current PCa therapies.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Florin, Ann-Britt
(författare)
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Trisopterus esmarkii
- 2014
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Ingår i: The IUCN red list of threatened species. - 2307-8235.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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