| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bouskova, Alzbeta, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of operational temperature on dewatering characteristics of digested sludge
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Residuals Science and Technology. - 1544-8053. ; 3:1, s. 43-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dewatering properties and sludge structure of anaerobically digested sludge were studied in relation to an increasing operational temperature. Sludge samples were taken from 5 pilot-scale CSTR reactors treating municipal sewage sludge with working volume of 20 L and operating at 33, 35, 37, 39 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The main parameters of interest were capillary suction time (CST), concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), charge density of the extracted EPS, filterability (dry solids content after vacuum filtration), compactibility (dry solids content after pressing) and concentration of fine particles in the liquid phase (turbidity). Sludge from the reactor working at 55 degrees C (thermophilic) contained the most fine particles in the liquid phase, which remarkably deteriorated filterability of the sample, however when subjected to an external pressure, the sludge reached the highest dry matter content of the sludge cake. Sludge originating from the reactor working at 37 degrees C reached the best filtration properties.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bousiou, Alexandra
(författare)
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Solidarity and Contestation: Local Refugee Reception Practices at the South-Eastern EU Border Islands
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-2948 .- 1556-2956. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article offers an analysis of how various actors engaged in and reacted to refugee reception practices in a multi-level governance setting at the main island entry points to the European Union (EU) from the south-east. Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Kos and Leros received almost one million people out of the 1,6 million which arrived in the EU in 2015 and 2016. In the humanitarian emergency, which followed the increased arrivals, the local administration and the local community took important initiatives to fill the gaps of the European and the national responses while also opposing the EU policies which degraded the human dignity of refugees. Drawing on rich qualitative material I demonstrate how solidarity and contestation derive from a complex local reality. The findings of the article point to the consequences of the multilevel governance structure of asylum for actors' interactions or lack of interaction on the ground of the border islands.
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| 17. |
- Boushel, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Low-intensity training increases peak arm VO2 by enhancing both convective and diffusive O2 delivery.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 211:1, s. 122-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: It is an ongoing discussion the extent to which oxygen delivery and oxygen extraction contribute to an increased muscle oxygen uptake during dynamic exercise. It has been proposed that local muscle factors including the capillary bed and mitochondrial oxidative capacity play a large role in prolonged low-intensity training of a small muscle group when the cardiac output capacity is not directly limiting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative roles of circulatory and muscle metabolic mechanisms by which prolonged low-intensity exercise training alters regional muscle VO2 .METHODS: In nine healthy volunteers (seven males, two females), haemodynamic and metabolic responses to incremental arm cycling were measured by the Fick method and biopsy of the deltoid and triceps muscles before and after 42 days of skiing for 6 h day(-1) at 60% max heart rate.RESULTS: Peak pulmonary VO2 during arm crank was unchanged after training (2.38 ± 0.19 vs. 2.18 ± 0.2 L min(-1) pre-training) yet arm VO2 (1.04 ± 0.08 vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 L min(1) , P < 0.05) and power output (137 ± 9 vs. 114 ± 10 Watts) were increased along with a higher arm blood flow (7.9 ± 0.5 vs. 6.8 ± 0.6 L min(-1) , P < 0.05) and expanded muscle capillary volume (76 ± 7 vs. 62 ± 4 mL, P < 0.05). Muscle O2 diffusion capacity (16.2 ± 1 vs. 12.5 ± 0.9 mL min(-1) mHg(-1) , P < 0.05) and O2 extraction (68 ± 1 vs. 62 ± 1%, P < 0.05) were enhanced at a similar mean capillary transit time (569 ± 43 vs. 564 ± 31 ms) and P50 (35.8 ± 0.7 vs. 35 ± 0.8), whereas mitochondrial O2 flux capacity was unchanged (147 ± 6 mL kg min(-1) vs. 146 ± 8 mL kg min(-1) ).CONCLUSION: The mechanisms underlying the increase in peak arm VO2 with prolonged low-intensity training in previously untrained subjects are an increased convective O2 delivery specifically to the muscles of the arm combined with a larger capillary-muscle surface area that enhance diffusional O2 conductance, with no apparent role of mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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| 18. |
- Boushel, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Maintained peak leg and pulmonary VO2 despite substantial reduction in muscle mitochondrial capacity.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 25:Suppl 4, s. 135-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We recently reported the circulatory and muscle oxidative capacities of the arm after prolonged low-intensity skiing in the arctic (Boushel et al., 2014). In the present study, leg VO2 was measured by the Fick method during leg cycling while muscle mitochondrial capacity was examined on a biopsy of the vastus lateralis in healthy volunteers (7 male, 2 female) before and after 42 days of skiing at 60% HR max. Peak pulmonary VO2 (3.52 ± 0.18 L.min(-1) pre vs 3.52 ± 0.19 post) and VO2 across the leg (2.8 ± 0.4L.min(-1) pre vs 3.0 ± 0.2 post) were unchanged after the ski journey. Peak leg O2 delivery (3.6 ± 0.2 L.min(-1) pre vs 3.8 ± 0.4 post), O2 extraction (82 ± 1% pre vs 83 ± 1 post), and muscle capillaries per mm(2) (576 ± 17 pre vs 612 ± 28 post) were also unchanged; however, leg muscle mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity was reduced (90 ± 3 pmol.sec(-1) .mg(-1) pre vs 70 ± 2 post, P < 0.05) as was citrate synthase activity (40 ± 3 μmol.min(-1) .g(-1) pre vs 34 ± 3 vs P < 0.05). These findings indicate that peak muscle VO2 can be sustained with a substantial reduction in mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity. This is achieved at a similar O2 delivery and a higher relative ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration at a higher mitochondrial p50. These findings support the concept that muscle mitochondrial respiration is submaximal at VO2max , and that mitochondrial volume can be downregulated by chronic energy demand.
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| 19. |
- Bousiou, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Consolidating the fortress Europe: Conceptualizations of solidarity in the EU Asylum System governance post-2015
- 2023
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Ingår i: The EU under Strain?: Current Crises Shaping European Union Politics. - 9783110790337 ; , s. 213-232
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last decade, the construction of a crisis narrative has continued consolidating the idea of a "fortress Europe" at the expense of access and the right to asylum in the EU. In this chapter, we embark on an analysis of how a series of crises and their management has been affecting EU asylum policies, and more specifically how the discursive construction of solidarity, a cornerstone of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU and a core value of international asylum law,has been evolving within these policies. Our analysis demonstrates how the governance of asylum in the EU has shifted towards more restriction and less solidarity both with refugees and amongst Member States in the context of emergency man- agement.We focus on the shifting perspectives on solidarity between 2015 and 2022 and trace how the concept of solidarity continues to evolve in the European governance of asylum. The analysis culminates in a discussion of the Temporary Protection Directive, the recent activation of which has once more shed light on different EU actors'and member states'answers to the question of who deserves solidarity in the EU and for how long, illuminating important aspects of racial discrimination and temporariness.
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| 20. |
- Bousiou, Alexandra
(författare)
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Governing the European Asylum System at the Greek Border Islands
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis provides an understanding of the governance of the European asylum regime at the Greek border islands from a multi-level governance perspective. Lesbos, Chios, Samos, Kos, and Leros are the islands which, over the period of a year between 2015 and 2016, received 80% of all refugee arrivals to the EU, and were chosen as the loci of the so-called hotspot approach. This thesis theoretically advances our understanding of the governance of asylum at border areas by elaborating on the multilevel structure in terms of actors, actors’ interactions, responses, and rationales, while adding a spatial component through the introduction of the concept of peripheralization. Moreover, this thesis contributes empirically through the analysis of rich primary data collected on all five islands, in Athens, and Brussels. Analytically, I divide the asylum policy into three sub-areas: the right to seek asylum, humanitarian reception conditions, and border controls. This conceptualization has allowed me to demonstrate how these sub-policy areas are balanced in legislation and in practice. This thesis follows a qualitative case study research design. The analysis indicates how the asylum processes were severely undermined, and the reception conditions corresponded to a humanitarian crisis, while border controls increased. Moreover, the analysis showed that local actors were critical of the assemblage of EU agencies at the external borders through the hotspot approach, and that this decreased the possibility for collaborative interactions. Although it has been argued that migration policymaking within multilevel systems is geared towards solving problems, my evidence indicates that even actors from similar local contexts in equivalent hierarchical positions might have different interpretations of how to solve problems. This, in turn, results in different responses and interactions. Last, but not least, the creation of a buffer zone on the Greek islands has restricted asylum seekers from moving to the north of Europe in the name of the emergency. By introducing the concept of peripheralization, I offer a tool which can be used to bring attention to and better study the process and implications of the geographical restriction to the island of first arrival.
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