| 11. |
- Hjemdahl, P., et al.
(författare)
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Favourable long term prognosis in stable angina pectoris : an extended follow up of the angina prognosis study in Stockholm (APSIS)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 92:2, s. 177-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the long term prognosis of patients with stable angina pectoris. Design: Registry based follow up ( median 9.1 years) of patients participating in the APSIS ( angina prognosis study in Stockholm), which was a double blind, single centre trial of antianginal drug treatment. Patients: 809 patients (31% women) with stable angina pectoris < 70 ( mean (SD) 59 (7) years at inclusion) and an age and sex matched reference population from the same catchment area. Interventions: Double blind treatment with metoprolol or verapamil during 3.4 years ( median), followed by referral for usual care with open treatment. Main outcome measures: Cardiovascular ( CV) death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in the APSIS cohort and total mortality in comparison with reference subjects. Results: 123 patients died ( 41 MI, 36 other CV causes) and 72 had non-fatal MI. Mortality (19% v 6%, p< 0.001) and fatal MI (6.6% v 1.6%, p< 0.001) were increased among male compared with female patients. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex independently predicted CV mortality ( p, 0.001). Diabetes greatly increased the risk in a small subgroup of female patients. Male patients had higher mortality than men in the reference population during the first three years ( cumulative absolute difference 3.8%) but apparently not thereafter. Female patients had similar mortality to women in the reference population throughout the 9.1 years of observation. Conclusions: Female patients with stable angina had similar mortality to matched female reference subjects but male patients had an increased risk. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex were strong risk factors for CV death or MI. Objective: To evaluate the long term prognosis of patients with stable angina pectoris. Design: Registry based follow up ( median 9.1 years) of patients participating in the APSIS ( angina prognosis study in Stockholm), which was a double blind, single centre trial of antianginal drug treatment. Patients: 809 patients (31% women) with stable angina pectoris < 70 ( mean (SD) 59 (7) years at inclusion) and an age and sex matched reference population from the same catchment area. Interventions: Double blind treatment with metoprolol or verapamil during 3.4 years ( median), followed by referral for usual care with open treatment. Main outcome measures: Cardiovascular ( CV) death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in the APSIS cohort and total mortality in comparison with reference subjects. Results: 123 patients died ( 41 MI, 36 other CV causes) and 72 had non-fatal MI. Mortality (19% v 6%, p< 0.001) and fatal MI (6.6% v 1.6%, p< 0.001) were increased among male compared with female patients. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex independently predicted CV mortality ( p, 0.001). Diabetes greatly increased the risk in a small subgroup of female patients. Male patients had higher mortality than men in the reference population during the first three years ( cumulative absolute difference 3.8%) but apparently not thereafter. Female patients had similar mortality to women in the reference population throughout the 9.1 years of observation. Conclusions: Female patients with stable angina had similar mortality to matched female reference subjects but male patients had an increased risk. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex were strong risk factors for CV death or MI.
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| 12. |
- Holscke, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Using Enterprise Architecture Models and Bayesian Belief Networks for Failure Impact Analysis
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Service-Oriented Computing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ; , s. 339-350
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing complexity of enterprise information systems makes it very difficult to prevent local failures from causing ripple effects with serious repercussions to other systems. This paper proposes the use of Enterprise Architecture models coupled with Bayesian Belief Networks to facilitate Failure Impact Analysis. By extending the Enterprise Architecture models with the Bayesian Belief Networks we are able to show not only the architectural components and their interconnections but also the causal influence the availabilities of the architectural elements have on each other. Furthermore, by using the Diagnosis algorithm implemented in the Bayesian Belief Network tool GeNIe, we are able to use the network as a Decision Support System and rank architectural components with their respect to criticality for the functioning of a business process. An example featuring a car rental agency demonstrates the approach.
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| 13. |
- Kvisteroy, Terje, et al.
(författare)
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Far infrared low-cost uncooled bolometer for automotive use
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2007. - BERLIN : SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. - 9783540713241 ; , s. 265-278
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proposed EU regulation requires the automotive industry to develop technologies that will substantially decrease the risk for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians when hit by a vehicle. Automatic brake assist systems, activated by a suitable sensor, will reduce the speed of the vehicle before the impact. Far InfraRed (FIR) detectors are ideal candidates for such sensing systems. In order to enable high volume serial installation, the main development must be focused on cost reduction. Optimizing all aspects of the system, including sensor size, production yield and 3D wafer level vacuum packaging will lower today's "high end" FIR product costs by an order of magnitude. A low-cost FIR infrared bolometer is developed in the Eureka labeled PIMS (Pedestrian Injury Mitigation System) project. In the paper the background and the actual design of the first demonstrator to be finished in 2008 are described in detail.
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| 14. |
- Lindqvist, Per-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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EFW data in the Cluster Active Archive
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP. - 929092909X ; , s. 495-499
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cluster Active Archive is being assembled with the aim to hold high-quality, high-resolution Cluster instrument data for scientific use in both the near and the distant future. In this paper, the contributions to the archive from the Electric Field and Waves instrument are described. The archived data quantities are listed and explained, together with information on how they are computed and measures taken to ensure high scientific quality. Calibrating dc electric field data is a tedious process which involves both comparison with other data sets and theoretical as well as empirical modelling.
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| 15. |
- Mugala, Gavita, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing two measurement techniques for high frequency characterization of power cable semi-conducting and insulating materials
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 13:4, s. 712-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the high frequency characteristics of the materials that make up medium voltage extruded cables is important in establishing diagnostics schemes based on electromagnetic pulse propagation methods. Two measurement techniques have been developed and used to characterize the high frequency material properties of semi-conducting screens and cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation up to 100 MHz. The experimental details, parameter extraction and limitations of the two measurement techniques are presented.
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| 16. |
- Mugala, Gavita, et al.
(författare)
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Dependence of XLPE insulated power cable wave propagation characteristics on design parameters
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 14:2, s. 393-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propagation losses occur in medium voltage power cables as pulses propagate through them. Since cables have many components, these can make different contributions to the propagation losses. The relative contributions of the conductors, insulation and semi-conducting screens to the propagation characteristics of the cable are analyzed. The propagation characteristics of the cables are studied by a developed "approximate" model providing analytical expressions that can quantify the contributions to the losses by the different parts of the conductor and dielectric system. The model is compared with an "exact" model and is tested on four cables. © 2007 IEEE.
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| 17. |
- Mugala, Gavita, et al.
(författare)
-
High frequency characteristics of water-tree degraded XLPE insulation in power cables
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 14:5, s. 1271-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high frequency characteristics, the complex permittivity in particular, of water-tree degraded XLPE insulation in power cables are determined using a two port measurement method. The insulation samples are obtained from both laboratory made samples and those from ex-service cables. The electrical measurements are related to the water tree content of the samples which is estimated by an optical method. An effective materials model is derived to help understand the observed characteristics. From the model it is possible to estimate the water content of the water tree and the conductivity of the water. There is a considerable difference in the water tree characteristics between laboratory and service aged cables. The conductivity of the water in the water trees of service aged cables is much higher than that found in laboratory aged samples.
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| 18. |
- Månsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Antifeedants against Hylobius abietis pine weevils : An active compound in extract of bark of Tilia cordata linden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 31:5, s. 989-1001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linden (Tilia cordata) bark contains antifeedants effective against the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Soxhlet extraction of inner and outer bark resulted in an extract which showed antifeedant activity in a micro-feeding assay. The extract was fractionated by chromatography on silica gel using gradient elution with solvents of increasing polarity. The content of the fractions obtained was monitored by thin layer- and gas chromatography. Fractions of similar chemical composition were merged. Two of the 17 fractions showed antifeedant activity in the micro feeding assay. Nonanoic acid was identified in both of these fractions. Subsequent testing in the micro feeding assay showed that nonanoic acid possessed strong antifeedant activity against H. abietis adults.
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| 19. |
- Månsson, Per E., et al.
(författare)
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Nonanoic acid, other long-chain carboxylic acids and related compounds as antifeedants in Hylobius abietis pine weevils
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703 .- 1570-7458. ; 121:3, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A medium-length, straight-chain alkanoic acid, nonanoic acid, is known from laboratory microassays to be an antifeedant in adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Our hypothesis was that we could find new, less volatile alkanoic acids or related compounds suitable for field application and with improved long-term duration. Alkanoic acids of varying chain lengths (C6-C13) were tested for antifeedant activity in H. abietis adults. Microassay choice tests showed that straight-chain (C6-C11) alkanoic acids were active. However, high activities were restricted to the (C6-C10) acids, with the C9 (nonanoic acid) at 4 mu mol cm(-2) being the most active one. In a no-choice test on pine twigs, the antifeedant effect of C10 acid was lower than that of the C8 and C9 acids. In microassays, less volatile methyl-branched alkanoic acids exhibited lower antifeedant activities than did the corresponding straight-chain ones. However, the most active of the methyl-branched acids, 2-methyldecanoic acid, had an activity similar to that of nonanoic acid. Compounds related to nonanoic acid were either active (1-nonanol), weakly active (nonanoic anhydride), or inactive (nonanal, sodium nonanoate). The anhydride was highly active in the microassay, but less active on twigs. The antifeedant effects of the straight chain (C8-C10) alkanoic acids against pine weevil feeding were tested in the field. In contrast to the results from the twig tests, the less volatile C10 acid was more active in the field for the protection of transplants on fresh clear cuts over a 3-month period than both the C8 and C9 acids. Phytotoxic effects of the alkanoic acids were observed both in the field and in laboratory studies. If a protective layer of paraffin was applied to the stem prior to application of the alkanoic acids, these undesired side effects were reduced.
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| 20. |
- Pedersen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Electron density estimations derived from spacecraft potential measurements on Cluster in tenuous plasma regions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 113:A7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spacecraft potential measurements by the EFW electric field experiment on the Cluster satellites can be used to obtain plasma density estimates in regions barely accessible to other type of plasma experiments. Direct calibrations of the plasma density as a function of the measured potential difference between the spacecraft and the probes can be carried out in the solar wind, the magnetosheath, and the plasmashere by the use of CIS ion density and WHISPER electron density measurements. The spacecraft photoelectron characteristic ( photoelectrons escaping to the plasma in current balance with collected ambient electrons) can be calculated from knowledge of the electron current to the spacecraft based on plasma density and electron temperature data from the above mentioned experiments and can be extended to more positive spacecraft potentials by CIS ion and the PEACE electron experiments in the plasma sheet. This characteristic enables determination of the electron density as a function of spacecraft potential over the polar caps and in the lobes of the magnetosphere, regions where other experiments on Cluster have intrinsic limitations. Data from 2001 to 2006 reveal that the photoelectron characteristics of the Cluster spacecraft as well as the electric field probes vary with the solar cycle and solar activity. The consequences for plasma density measurements are addressed. Typical examples are presented to demonstrate the use of this technique in a polar cap/lobe plasma.
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