| 11. |
- Saupe, Falk, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a novel therapeutic vaccine carrier that sustains high antibody titers against several targets simultaneously
- 2017
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 31:3, s. 1204-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim to improve the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines that target self-antigens, we have developed a novel fusion protein vaccine on the basis of the C-terminal multimerizing end of the variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB), the Ig equivalent in jawless fishes. Recombinant vaccines were produced in Escherichia coli by fusing the VLRB sequence to 4 different cancer-associated target molecules. The anti-self-immune response generated in mice that were vaccinated with VLRB vaccines was compared with the response in mice that received vaccines that contained bacterial thioredoxin (TRX), previously identified as an efficient carrier. The anti-self-Abswere analyzed with respect to titers, binding properties, and duration of response. VLRB-vaccinatedmice displayed a 2-to 10-fold increase in anti-self-Ab titers and a substantial decrease in Abs against the foreign part of the fusion protein compared with the response in TRX-vaccinated mice (P < 0.01). VLRB-generated Ab response had duration similar to the corresponding TRX-generatedAbs, but displayed a higher diversity in binding characteristics. Of importance, VLRB vaccines could sustain an immune response against several targets simultaneously. VLRB vaccines fulfill several key criteria for an efficient therapeutic vaccine that targets self-antigens as a result of its small size, its multimerizing capacity, and nonexposed foreign sequences in the fusion protein.- Saupe, F., Reichel, M., Huijbers, E. J. M., Femel, J., Markgren, P.- O., Andersson, C. E., Deindl, S., Danielson, U. H., Hellman, L. T., Olsson, A.- K. Development of a novel therapeutic vaccine carrier that sustains high antibody titers against several targets simultaneously.
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| 12. |
- Shutts, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Early preschool environments and gender : Effects of gender pedagogy in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of experimental child psychology (Print). - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0022-0965 .- 1096-0457. ; 162, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test how early social environments affect children's consideration of gender, 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 80) enrolled in gender-neutral or typical preschool programs in the central district of a large Swedish city completed measures designed to assess their gender-based social preferences, stereotypes, and automatic encoding. Compared with children in typical preschools, a greater proportion of children in the gender-neutral school were interested in playing with unfamiliar other-gender children. In addition, children attending the gender-neutral preschool scored lower on a gender stereotyping measure than children attending typical preschools. Children at the gender-neutral school, however, were not less likely to automatically encode others' gender. The findings suggest that gender-neutral pedagogy has moderate effects on how children think and feel about people of different genders but might not affect children's tendency to spontaneously notice gender.
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| 13. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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