| 11. |
- Bumann, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the spread of invasive marine species with open data and machine learning: Process and Challenges
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Conference on Marine Data and Information Systems (IMDIS) 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the world’s most complex marine challenges is the spread of invasive species. Invasive species cause severe harm to marine ecosystems and the people who depend on them, with economic impact alone amounting to several billion dollars annually. Recent advances in data science and artificial intelligence (AI) along with the increasing availability of free marine and other data online are improving the possibility to tackle these challenges. This paper presents the efforts by Ocean Data Factory Sweden (ODF Sweden), a data-driven innovation consortium in Gothenburg, to apply machine learning (ML) to one use case – the prediction of the spread of the Killer Shrimp, or Dikerogammarus Villosus, into the Baltic Sea (Figure 1). We discuss our process to address this use case as well as some reflections on the process and its challenges, in particular when taking into consideration the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) principles in data science.
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| 12. |
- Bumann, Adrian, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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The challenges of knowledge combination in ML-based crowdsourcing - The ODF Killer shrimp challenge using ML and kaggle
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - 1530-1605. ; 2020-January, s. 4930-4939
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizations are increasingly using digital technologies, such as crowdsourcing platforms and machine learning, to tackle innovation challenges. These technologies often require the combination of heterogeneous technical and domain-specific knowledge from diverse actors to achieve the organization's innovation goals. While research has focused on knowledge combination for relatively simple tasks on crowdsourcing platforms and within ML-based innovation, we know little about how knowledge is combined in emerging innovation approaches incorporating ML and crowdsourcing to solve domain-specific innovation challenges. Thus, this paper investigates the following: What are the challenges to knowledge combination in domain-specific ML-based crowdsourcing? We conducted a case study of an environmental challenge - how to use ML to predict the spread of a marine invasive species, led by the Swedish consortium Ocean Data Factory Sweden using the crowdsourcing platform Kaggle. After discussing our results, we end the paper with recommendations on how to integrate crowdsourcing into domain-specific digital innovation processes.
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| 13. |
- Bumann, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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The Killer Shrimp Invasion Challenge on Kaggle: An online competition tackling the spread of invasive marine species through machine learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Conference on Marine Data and Information Systems (IMDIS) 2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The world faces numerous complex marine challenges, such as overfishing, the spread of invasive species, and rising sea levels. These challenges are interconnected with the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, and in particular Goal #14 - Life below water. A paradox for any action related to the ocean is that while there is an enormous lack of ocean data, there is also an abundance of online marine and geo data that could be used to develop solutions through the application of artificial intelligence (AI). Open innovation and crowdsourcing could be a solution to such complex problems; however, applying data science to solve marine challenges through these open strategies is limited. Responding to the above, Ocean Data Factory Sweden (ODF Sweden), a data-driven innovation consortium in Gothenburg, developed an online competition, The Killer Shrimp Invasion Challenge (Figure 1). The competition was launched on the data science competition platform, Kaggle, in the spring of 2020 to address the spread of the invasive Killer Shrimp through applying machine learning (ML) to online data. This paper will describe the Killer Shrimp use case, the launch of the Kaggle competition, competition results and reflections on this form of tackling marine challenges.
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| 14. |
- Böhmecke-Schwafert, Moritz, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain for the circular economy: Theorizing blockchain's role in the transition to a circular economy through an empirical investigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1099-0836 .- 0964-4733. ; 31:8, s. 3786-3801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blockchain is increasingly lauded as an enabler of the transition to a circular economy. While there is considerable conceptual research and some empirical studies on this phenomenon, scholars have yet to develop a theoretical model of blockchain's role in this transition. Grounded in the sustainability transition literature, this paper addresses this gap through the following research question: What role does blockchain play in the transition to a circular economy? Following an abductive approach, we conducted interviews with ground-level experts implementing blockchain innovations for the circular economy across Europe and the United States. Through a thematic analysis, we derived a theoretical model of the relationships among (1) drivers and barriers of the transition to a circular economy, (2) blockchain innovation for the circular economy, (3) technical challenges of blockchain, and (4) the circular economy. While blockchain plays a moderating role, interviewees considered it only an infrastructural resource rather than a panacea.
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| 15. |
- Caccamo, Marta
(författare)
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Cross-boundary knowledge work in innovation : Understanding the role of space and objects
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies the topic of cross-boundary knowledge work from the perspective of sociomateriality. Cross-boundary knowledge work refers to the collaboration of actors belonging to different social worlds to achieve shared knowledge outcomes. Sociomateriality is a theoretical perspective that acknowledges the role of objects and spaces in organizational life. The empirical field of collaborative innovation provides a context for this dissertation.Cross-boundary knowledge work is an important topic given the emergence of novel challenges that require collaboration across disciplines and organizations. Innovating across social and organizational boundaries is a demanding task that calls for new ways of working. Working in new ways refers to using new organizational models and engaging in new organizational practices. To address the increasing need for cross-boundary knowledge work, this dissertation turns to the design of objects and spaces as a defining aspect of organizational life.The overarching goal of the dissertation is to understand what role spaces and objects (physical and digital) play within cross-boundary knowledge work. The dissertation is structured into four papers. Paper 1 builds the foundation of the dissertation by providing an extensive literature review about boundary objects—a theoretical construct that denotes objects that enable knowledge-based collaboration across diverse social worlds. The subsequent empirical papers study cross-boundary knowledge dynamics in three different collaborative innovation contexts. Paper 2 addresses how boundary objects can be designed to enable knowledge integration during interdisciplinary corporate hackathons. Paper 3 shows how innovation spaces and the objects that are part of them support collaborative innovation through knowledge integration and the development of new practices. Paper 4 conceptualizes startup accelerators as boundary spaces that lead to the creation of different types of knowledge communities.This study makes important contributions to the fields of cross-boundary knowledge work, sociomateriality, and collaborative innovation. First, the four papers show that cross-boundary knowledge work needs to consider other dynamics happening at the boundaries within interdisciplinary and interorganizational contexts. For instance, the creation of a shared identity appears to be a fundamental aspect to consider in order to achieve knowledge goals. Second, this dissertation deepens our understanding of the actual practices afforded by objects and spaces within collaborative settings. Each paper strives to provide an in-depth account of how individual objects, systems of objects, and spaces support knowledge work. Third, this dissertation offers a relevant theoretical perspective to illustrate the challenges involved in collaborative innovation, at the same time suggesting how material infrastructure may help collaborating actors achieve shared knowledge outcomes. Finally, innovation managers can find relevant advice on how to leverage the built environment to enhance their practice.
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| 16. |
- Di Gangi, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Are we in this together? Exploring private-collective knowledge communities
- 2011
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Ingår i: ICIS 2011 PROCEEDINGS. - 9780615559070
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing trend within the literature on value creation is the introduction of private-collective knowledge communities, which create opportunities for organizations to leverage knowledge. In these communities, participants privately invest in a project’s success by freely revealing and contributing their personal resources such as expertise and time to a public good. Firms then use these public goods as the basis for their own product offering. In this paper, we focus on describing the nature of the relationships that exist within private-collective knowledge communities and subsequently develop a framework for how researchers and practitioners can understand the organization-user dynamics found within these communities. As such, our research questions are as follows: What factors impact the organization-user dynamics in private-collective knowledge communities and how do these factors affect the nature of the relationships within these communities? We conclude with initial results supporting our model and discuss future steps, limitations, and contributions.
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| 17. |
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Digital transformation and public services: Societal impacts in Sweden and beyond
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process affects various welfare services provided by the public sector, and the ensuing implications thereof. Ultimately, this book seeks to understand if it is conceivable for digital advancement to result in the creation of private/non-governmental alternatives to welfare services, possibly in a manner that transcends national boundaries. This study also investigates the possible ramifications of technological development for the public sector and the Western welfare society at large. This book takes its point of departure from the 2016 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report that targets specific public service areas in which government needs to adopt new strategies not to fall behind. Specifically, this report emphasizes the focus on digitalization of health care/social care, education, and protection services, including the use of assistive technologies referred to as "digital welfare." Hence, this book explores the factors potentially leading to whether state actors could be overrun by other non-governmental actors, disrupting the current status quo of welfare services. The book seeks to provide an innovative, enriching, and controversial take on society at large and how various aspects of the public sector can be, and are, affected by the ongoing digitalization process in a way that is not covered by extant literature on the market. This book takes its point of departure in Sweden given the fact that Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries in Europe, according to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), making it a pertinent research case. However, as digitalization transcends national borders, large parts of the subject matter take on an international angle. This includes cases from several other countries around Europe as well as the United States.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Felländer, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The three phases of FinTech
- 2018
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Ingår i: The rise and development of FinTech : accounts of disruption from Sweden and beyond. - 9780815378501 ; , s. 154-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Gancho, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Society
- 2022
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Ingår i: Springer Series in Design and Innovation. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2661-8184 .- 2661-8192. ; 17, s. 405-415
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter presents the “Design for Society” concept and provides a backdrop for the papers included as chapters in this section of the book. We suggest that the Design for Society concept can be viewed as an umbrella for a range of concepts related to how we can leverage the principles of design research and practice to create holistic solutions to societal challenges. Design can drive societal innovation, and the collection of papers we have compiled below focus on how design can enable society to become more equitable and inclusive. Our hope is that this chapter and the subsequent chapters might inspire design practitioners and researchers to learn from and build on each other’s ideas - as opposed to reinventing the wheel or even making the same mistake, so that we may move forward in tackling our societal challenges and achieving the UN SDGs.
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