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Sökning: (hsv:(NATURVETENSKAP) hsv:(Ekologi))

  • Resultat 11-20 av 20219
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11.
  • Persson, Lo (författare)
  • Somalia
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries: A critical appraisal of catches and ecosystem impacts.. - 9781610916257 ; , s. 390-
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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12.
  • Persson, Lo (författare)
  • Sweden (Baltic)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries: A critical appraisal of catches and ecosystem impacts. - 9781610916257 ; , s. 404-404
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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16.
  • Östman, Örjan, et al. (författare)
  • A Bayesian approach for assessing the boundary between desirable and undesirable environmental status - An example from a coastal fish indicator in the Baltic Sea
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ecological indicator approaches typically compare the prevailing state of an ecosystem component to a reference state reflecting good environmental conditions, i.e. the desirable state. However, defining the reference state is challenging due to a wide range of uncertainties related to natural variability and measurement error in data, as well as ecological understanding. This study propose a novel probabilistic approach combining historical monitoring data and ecological understanding to estimate the uncertainty associated with the boundary value of an ecological indicator between good and poor environmental states. Bayesian inference is used to estimate the epistemic uncertainty about the true state of an indicator variable during an historical reference period. This approach replaces the traditional boundary value with probability distribution, indicating the uncertainty about the boundary between environmental states providing a transparent safety margin associated with the risk of misclassification of the indicator's state. The approach is demonstrated by applying it to a time-series of an ecological status indicator, 'Abundance of coastal key fish species', included in HELCOM's Baltic Sea regional status assessment. We suggest that acknowledgement of the uncertainty behind the final classification leads to more transparent and better-informed decision-making processes.
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17.
  • Ahlborg, Helene, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Ecology and sociotechnical systems research – motivations for theoretical and methodological integration across fields
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Sustainability Transitions conference 2017.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Currently, we are witnessing a number of global trends that do not promise well for the future. Accelerating climate change, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, disappearance of natural forest and degradation of fishing grounds and agricultural lands are just a few of the serious environmental problems that threaten the functional and structural integrity of ecosystems, to an extent that also human societies risk collapse. The scale of human impact is now such that scholars suggest that we live in the Anthropocene. The trends are driven by several linked factors, which are not easily disentangled into manageable specific problems to be solved by specific policies. More than ever, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations are needed in order to address these urgent challenges. The objective of this paper is to argue for the importance of research on socio-technical-ecological systems (STES) rather than social-ecological (SES) and sociotechnical systems (STS) separately. Hence, we address researchers in both the social-ecological and sociotechnical fields. We organize the argument around six reasons why “technology” should be integrated into SES studies. We call these reasons: (1) the interface and mediation aspect, (2) ambivalence, (3) the agency aspect, (4) the question of scale, (5) the question of governance and politics, and (6) the question of epistemology and framing. We also highlight potential conceptual conflicts and mistranslations. Our discussion is primarily a theoretical argument, exemplified with empirical examples.Among the conceptual challenges, we note that SES scholars, if they consider technology in their analyses, generally treat it as an exogenous factor or as a passive background element. Similarly, STS scholars tend to neglect ecological dynamics and refer to the ecological domain mainly in terms of inputs and outputs, e.g. natural resources, environmental and health problems caused by human activities. In light of the discussion, we conclude that the importance of collaborating across the two fields goes beyond each field adding pieces together. We argue that integration and translation across these domains will lead to qualitative change in the theoretical and methodological approaches of both fields; and that technology, society and ecology should be given symmetric analytical attention.
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18.
  • Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951 (författare)
  • Biologisk mångfald - en förutsättning för vår matförsörjning
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Biologisk mångfald, naturnyttor och ekosystemtjänster. Svenska perspektiv på livsviktiga framtidsfrågor. - Stockholm & Uppsala : Naturvårdsverket & Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1403-6568. - 9789188083364 ; , s. 222-233
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • I detta kapitel ges först en kort inblick i hur den vilda biologiska mångfalden blev grunden för jordbruket och utvecklats som en del av människors matlandskap inom olika lokala ekosystem. I takt med att tillgång till nya energikällor har matproduktionen och matsystemen ändrats vilket bidragit till den allvarliga, lokala och globala miljösituationen vi befinner oss i. Möjligheter till och ramverk för en hållbar matproduktion och hållbara matsystem baserade på agroekologiska system skisseras.
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19.
  • Anslan, Sten, et al. (författare)
  • Great differences in performance and outcome of high-throughput sequencing data analysis platforms for fungal metabarcoding
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 39, s. 29-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Along with recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and thus fast accumulation of HTS data, there has been a growing need and interest for developing tools for HTS data processing and communication. In particular, a number of bioinformatics tools have been designed for analysing metabarcoding data, each with specific features, assumptions and outputs. To evaluate the potential effect of the application of different bioinformatics workflow on the results, we compared the performance of different analysis platforms on two contrasting high-throughput sequencing data sets. Our analysis revealed that the computation time, quality of error filtering and hence output of specific bioinformatics process largely depends on the platform used. Our results show that none of the bioinformatics workflows appears to perfectly filter out the accumulated errors and generate Operational Taxonomic Units, although PipeCraft, LotuS and PIPITS perform better than QIIME2 and Galaxy for the tested fungal amplicon dataset. We conclude that the output of each platform requires manual validation of the OTUs by examining the taxonomy assignment values.
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