| 11. |
- Börjesson, Marcus, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Flotation REST as a Stress Reduction Method : The Effects on Anxiety, Muscle Tension, and Performance
- 2018
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In: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. - : Human Kinetics. - 1932-9261 .- 1932-927X. ; 12:3, s. 333-346
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of flotation REST upon skilled and less skilled golfers’ anxiety in terms of physiological indicators of stress, self-rated anxiety scores, muscle tension, and the effect on golf putting. Prior to performing the putting task participants underwent a treatment of flotation REST or a period of resting in an armchair. Participants completed both treatments in a randomized order with a two-week interval. The results showed that both flotation REST and the armchair treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, with no differences between treatments or athlete skill levels. No significant differences between treatments were revealed regarding self-ratings, level of muscle tension or putting precision. The results indicate that flotation REST may be useful for reducing negative symptoms related to stress and anxiety in general; however, no support for direct positive effects on golf performance were found.
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| 12. |
- Eib, Constanze, et al.
(author)
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Don't Let It Get to You! A Moderated Mediated Approach to the (In)Justice-Health Relationship
- 2015
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In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1076-8998 .- 1939-1307. ; 20:4, s. 434-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates the consequences of overall justice perceptions on employees' mental health and work-family conflict. While many studies have found that perceiving injustice at work is harmful, little is known about the underlying processes. Based on the allostatic load model, it is hypothesized that mental preoccupation with work, defined as a cognitive state, is a mediator linking overall justice perceptions to employee health. Moreover, we argue that locus of control is a moderator for the mediated relationship. We tested our hypotheses with panel data consisting of 412 Swedish office workers. Results support that mental preoccupation with work mediates the relationship between overall justice and mental health, and overall justice and work-family conflict. Results also reveal that mental preoccupation with work plays a greater mediating role for individuals with an external locus of control. Implications and suggestions for future studies on the emerging relationship between organizational justice and health are discussed.
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| 13. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Burnout symptoms and recovery processes in eight elite soccer coaches over 10 years
- 2019
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In: International journal of sports science & coaching. - : Sage Publications. - 1747-9541 .- 2048-397X. ; 14:4, s. 431-443
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elite sport can be stressful, which increases the risk for burnout symptoms to develop. Especially when not balanced with sufficient recovery. To study the burnout–recovery process, eight elite soccer coaches were followed for 10 years. All eight were active elite coaches at the inception of this study and reported elevated emotional exhaustion scores on Maslach’s Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The coaches completed MBI-ES three additional times (year 3, 7, and 10), and they were also interviewed on the same occasions. At the 3-year follow-up, seven of the eight coaches reduced their exhaustion scores. The coach presenting with unchanged scores both at the 3 - and 7-year follow-up was the only one still coaching at the elite level. All coaches revealed during the interviews that they struggled to manage their work–life balance well; some worked too many hours, some experienced difficulty in managing conflicting role-demands, and some wrestled with external pressures. Their approach to recovery was, however, similar. Apart from moving away from coaching at the elite level, they unanimously mentioned that they changed their approach to coaching to make recovery possible. They achieved the latter by, for example, increasing control and delegating responsibility. According to our longitudinal results, burnout frequently regarded as an end-state can decrease over time. Provided that decisive action is taken to change situational factors and personal demands. This frequently meant withdrawing from coaching, which in turn explains why coach retention remains a serious challenge for most organizations with teams/athletes competing at the elite level. © The Author(s) 2019.
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| 14. |
- Martins Silva Ramos, Érika, 1991, et al.
(author)
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An empirical investigation of attitudes towards daily commuting transportation: the impacts of travel satisfaction, driving habits and social desirability.
- 2018
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In: The 29th International Congress of Applied Psychology, June 26-30, Montréal, Canada.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background/Rational Every day people decide how to travel to their out-of-home activities. What is important for them when choosing the mode of transportation? Are those things predictors of attitudes towards modes of transportation along with driving habits and satisfaction with daily travel? Does being more or less satisfied affect people’s attitudes? Method A survey was mailed to a sample of 3,000 Swedish residents in rural, semi-rural and urban areas. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: driving habits, satisfaction, important aspects when choosing mode of daily commuting and socio-demographics measurements. Results Factor analysis was conducted regarding “satisfaction with daily commuting”, “important aspects for mode choice of commuting” and “driving habits” (KMO = .74; .76; 79, respectively). The retained factors were used in multiple regressions analyses as predictors of attitudes towards car, public transport and bike (R2 = .32; .11; .16, respectively). Conclusions “Driving habits” was the main predictor for attitudes towards car while “socially desirable aspects” was the most important factor to predict attitudes towards public transport and bike. Living in big cities negatively affected attitudes toward car and satisfaction with daily commuting was a minor predictor for all modes of transportation. Action/Impact Attitudes towards modes of commuting are predicted by people’s habits and what they value as important when commuting. Knowing what they value when choosing modes of transportation gives support to implement accurate and effective interventions, policies and new services that promote sustainability in transportation.
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| 15. |
- Hasson, Henna, et al.
(author)
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Are We All in the Same Boat? : The Role of Perceptual Distance in Organizational Health Interventions
- 2016
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In: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 32:4, s. 294-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study investigates how agreement between leaders' and their team's perceptions influence intervention outcomes in a leadership-training intervention aimed at improving organizational learning. Agreement, i.e. perceptual distance was calculated for the organizational learning dimensions at baseline. Changes in the dimensions from pre-intervention to post-intervention were evaluated using polynomial regression analysis with response surface analysis. The general pattern of the results indicated that the organizational learning improved when leaders and their teams agreed on the level of organizational learning prior to the intervention. The improvement was greatest when the leader's and the team's perceptions at baseline were aligned and high rather than aligned and low. The least beneficial scenario was when the leader's perceptions were higher than the team's perceptions. These results give insights into the importance of comparing leaders' and their team's perceptions in intervention research. Polynomial regression analyses with response surface methodology allow three-dimensional examination of relationship between two predictor variables and an outcome. This contributes with knowledge on how combination of predictor variables may affect outcome and allows studies of potential non-linearity relating to the outcome. Future studies could use these methods in process evaluation of interventions.
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| 16. |
- Lornudd, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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The mediating role of demand and control in the relationship between leadership behaviour and employee distress : a cross-sectional study
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 52:2, s. 543-554
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The relationship between leadership and employee distress is well established, however, the processes involved in this relationship remain largely unclear. For a stretched nursing workforce, understanding in what ways leadership may influence employee distress is particularly important.Objectives: To examine possible mediating effects of the work environment factors demand and control in the relationship between leadership behaviour in change, production, and employee orientation and employee distress.Design: Cross-sectional study design.Settings: The study was conducted at a large county council in Sweden providing both institutional and non-institutional care.Participants: A random sample of 1249 employees (primarily nurses, but also a wide range of other healthcare professionals and administrative staff), who had a healthcare manager that was about to enter a leadership development programme (n = 171), responded to a web-based questionnaire. The response rate was 62%.Methods: The employees rated their healthcare managers’ behaviour in change, production, and employee orientation, as well as their own perceptions of level of demand, control (subdivided into decision authority and skill discretion), and five distress outcomes. Multilevel analysis was performed.Results: The mediators demand, decision authority, and skill discretion were significant predictors of all five distress outcomes for all three leadership orientations. In eight of 15 regressions, the mediators fully explained the relationships between leadership orientations and outcomes. Four of five relationships with distress outcomes were fully mediated for change-oriented leadership, whereas two of five outcomes were fully mediated for production- and employee-oriented leadership. In all three leadership orientations, the relationship between the mediator skill discretion and the distress measure disengagement were particularly strong, with B-coefficients (−.44, p < .001) twice as high as for any of the other relationships.Conclusions: It seems that the way that employees perceive healthcare managers’ change-oriented behaviour, and how that aspect is related to employee distress, is primarily explained by perception of demand and control. Furthermore, regardless of leadership behaviour orientation, how employees perceive their opportunity to use specific job skills plays an important role in the interplay between perception of healthcare managers’ behaviour and disengagement.
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| 17. |
- Strandlund, Elin, et al.
(author)
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Otrygghet – oro – ohälsa? En studie bland handelsanställda
- 2018
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 24:1-2, s. 27-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inom detaljhandeln har alternativa anställningar såsom behovs- och deltidsarbeten blivit allt vanligare. Dessa anställningar kan kombineras på flera sätt och är ofta svåra att särskilja. Föreliggande studie undersöker olika anställningssituationer inom handeln, vad som karakteriserar individer som innehar dessa anställningar samt om deras upplevelser av ekonomisk oro, anställningsotrygghet och självskattad hälsa skiljer sig åt. Data samlades in via en webbenkät. Med klusteranalys identifierades sex åtskilda anställningssituationer bland urvalet (N=138). Analyser av mellangruppsskillnader indikerade att de anställningssituationer som var förknippade med mest utsatthet var nollkontraktsanställda samt tillsvidareanställda på deltid, i jämförelse med tillsvidare- och timanställda studenter som verkade vara minst utsatta.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, et al.
(author)
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Backlash and hiring : A field experiment on agency, communion, and gender
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gender stereotypes describe women as communal and men asagentic. Laboratory based research (Rudman & Glick 1999; 2001)suggests that trying to disconfirm such descriptive genderstereotypes (e.g., women self-promoting their agency), entails therisk of hiring discrimination due to violation of prescriptive genderstereotypes: a backlash. To examine whether backlash occurs whenapplying for real jobs, we conducted a field experiment. Gender,agency and communion were manipulated in the personal profile of5,562 applications sent to 3,342 job openings on the Swedish labormarket. The dependent variable was whether the applicationresulted in an invitation to a job interview or not. The results do notoffer any support for the backlash hypothesis at this stage in therecruitment process.
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| 19. |
- Ettema, Dick, et al.
(author)
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Season and Weather Effects on Travel-Related Mood and Travel Satisfaction.
- 2017
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines the effects of season and weather on mood (valence and activation) and travel satisfaction (measured by the Satisfaction with Travel Scale). Analyses are presented of 562 time-sampled morning commutes to work made by 363 randomly sampled people in three different Swedish cities asking them to use smartphones to report their mood in their home before and directly after the commutes. These reports as well as satisfaction with the commute obtained in summer and winter are linked to weather data and analyzed by means of fixed-effects regression analyses. The results reveal main effects of weather (temperature and precipitation) on mood and travel satisfaction (temperature, sunshine, precipitation, and wind speed). The effects of weather on mood and travel satisfaction differ depending on travel mode. Temperature leads to a more positive mood, wind leads to higher activation for public transport users, and sunshine leads to a more negative mood for cyclists and pedestrians. Sunshine and higher temperatures make travel more relaxed although not for cycling and walking, and rain and snow lead to a higher cognitive assessed quality of travel.
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| 20. |
- Haas, Linda, et al.
(author)
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Workplace support and European fathers' use of state policies promoting shared childcare
- 2019
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In: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 22:1, s. 1-22
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Social policies such as paternity leave and parental leave offer fathers the opportunity to be more involved in childcare than earlier generations of fathers. While such policies are increasingly offered by governments around the world, research by the International Network on Leave Policies and Research shows that many European fathers do not take advantage of these benefits, despite fathers' growing interest in participation in early childcare. This article introduces a special issue devoted to understanding how the workplace can impact European fathers' interest in and abilities to take leave, a topic that has received relatively little research attention. The articles in the special issue suggest that barriers to European fathers' leavetaking are deeply embedded in workplace culture and work practices and will be difficult to eradicate without a dramatic challenge to the concept of the male ideal worker, who prioritizes work above family.
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