| 11. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Using Choice Experiments for Non-Market Valuation
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper provides the latest research developments in the method of choice experiments applied to valuation of non-market goods. Choice experiments, along with the, by now, well-known contingent valuation method, are very important tools for valuing non-market goods and the results are used in both cost-benefit analyses and litigations related to damage assessments. The paper should provide the reader with both the means to carry out a choice experiment and to conduct a detailed critical analysis of its performance in order to give informed advice about the results. A discussion of the underlying economic model of choice experiments is incorporated, as well as a presentation of econometric models consistent with economic theory. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on the development of a choice experiment is provided, which in particular focuses on the design of the experiment and tests of validity. Finally, a discussion on different ways to calculate welfare effects is presented.
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| 12. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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Exits from long-term sickness in Sweden
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze exits from long-term sickness spells in Sweden. Using spell data for more than 2500 people, aged 20-64 years during 1986-1991, and who had at least one sickness spell of at least 60 days during 1986-1989, the aim is to analyze the transition to different states, i.e., return to work, full disability pension, partial disability pension, and other exit from the labor force. Given the complexity of the exit decision, which encompasses both the individual´s choice, the medical evaluation and the decision of the insurance adjudicator, we will consider the outcome as being the result of two aspects of the exit processes: an aspect that governs the duration of a spell prior the decision to exit, and another that governs the type of exit. Therefore, the analysis will be done in two steps: First, we will analyze the duration of the sickness spells, and then we will analyze the process that governs the type of exit. The results indicate that both individual characteristics, and push factors, such as regional unemployment, are important for both components of the decision process
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| 13. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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First exits from the swedish labor market due to disability
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The number of disability exits has been increasing in recent years, raising questions both about the well being of affected individuals, and about how to finance the related disability pensions. Using a longitudinal database owned by the Swedish National Social Insurance Board, this study analyzes the risk to exit into disability at a certain age, assuming that people remained in the labor force until that age. The estimates show that it was more than 7 0gher for each 100 days of sickness, but was lower with each additional sickness spell. It was also higher for increments of 1 0n the regional unemployment rate. These results suggest that more resources should be allocated for prevention, improving working conditions and designing the tasks of each job so as avoid overuse of employees working capacity
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| 14. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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Long-term absenteeism due to sickness: The swedish experience, 1986-1991
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Long-term absenteeism due to sickness has been increasing in the past two decades. This has raised many questions about causes, financing, and policy measures to prevent further increases. Answering these questions is even more important in a society with an aging population, which is expected to record even more cases. With data from the Swedish National Insurance Board, proportional hazards models for multiple spells are used in this study to account for shared unobserved group-level characteristics (or frailty) associated with long-term sickness. When the spells were grouped by individual, diagnosis or region, there were significant positive random effects. There was "more" heterogeneity among diagnosis-groups and individual-groups than among regions as groups. Both individual and labor market characteristics had significant effects on the length of absence, which suggests policies aimed to prevent and slow down the increasing trend of long-term sickness of those in older age-groups, but also special policies orientated to prevent deterioration of health status of younger employees
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| 15. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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"Never on a Sunday" : Economic Incentives and Sick Leave in Sweden
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a longitudinal data for about 1800 persons observed between 1986 and 1991, this study investigates the incentive effects on short-term sickness spells of two important regime changes in the social insurance system in Sweden implemented in 1987 and 1991. The results indicate that the rules influenced people´s decisions about when to report the beginning and ending of sickness spells. The 1991 reform, which reduced the replacement rate, had a stronger effect on reducing the duration of short-term absences than the 1987 reform, which restricted the payment of sickness cash benefit to only scheduled workdays.
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| 16. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
-
Short-term absenteeism due to sickness: The swedish experience, 1986 - 1991
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of this paper is to analyze short term-absences from work (i.e., periods of seven days or less) in Sweden during a period with two different reforms. As a theoretical model we use a utility-maximization framework with two restrictions (time and budget constraints). Using multiple spell data, short-term absenteeism is analyzed for a period with three regimes, and it is found that the 1991 reform (which lowered the replacement rate) had a stronger effect on the hazard of ending short-term absenteeism than did the 1987 reform (which eliminated the previous unpaid "waiting day", while restricting the remuneration to only those days when people were scheduled to work). Even though economic incentives mattered, people with poorer health did not "shorten" their absences in the same extent as those with better health
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| 17. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Past Sickness on Current Earnings in Sweden
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines whether sickness history affects annual earnings and/or hourly wages in Sweden, using a unique longitudinal database. If poor health makes people less productive, previous sickness is expected to have a negative effect on hourly wages. If poor health reduces peoplés working capacity, but not their productivity, it is expected to decrease the hours worked, which implies lower annual earnings and no change in their hourly wage. The results indicate that people who are healthy in the current year but have a longer spell of sickness in previous years have lower earnings than persons who have no record of long-term sickness, and that the effect goes through hours of work rather than the wage rate. In addition, in the current year, sickness has a convex relationship with earnings, going through wages. Persons with lower (higher) wages have more (fewer) days of compensated absenteeism.
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| 18. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of sickness on earnings
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The question addressed in this paper is whether sickness history affects annual earnings and hourly wages in Sweden. If poor health makes people less productive, we expect to find a negative effect of previous health history on hourly wages. If, instead, poor health reduces peoples working capacity, but not their productivity, this implies only a decrease in hours worked. Using a longitudinal database for individual sickness, we estimate both (annual) earnings and (hourly) wage equations, and find that people who are healthy in the current year, but have long-term sickness in the previous five years have lower earnings than persons without long-term sickness.
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| 19. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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What contributes to life satisfaction intransitional Romania?
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes life satisfaction in Romania in 2001, 12 years after the collapse of communism and the beginning of the transition into a market economy. Using a survey of 1770 individuals, we find that our results are very similar to studies in Western Europe and the US. Life satisfaction increases with housing standard, health status, economic situation, education, trusting other people, and living in the countryside, and decreases with rising unemployment. However, life satisfaction is lower than in Western countries with about 750f the people in the sample being not at all satisfied or quite dissatisfied with their life in general. A policy discussion concludes the paper.
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| 20. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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Why are the sickness absences so long in Sweden
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a sample of 2,789 Swedish residents on working age, this paper analyzes long-term absences from work due to sickness. The database contains all compensated sickness spells in the period January 1986 to December 1991. Earlier studies of work absence due to sickness did not analyze multiple spells of sickness. Moreover, such data requires estimation techniques that were not often used in the previous studies. The analysis is performed using mixed proportional hazard models. The results show that the loss of earnings reduced length of absence, while high regional unemployment increased it. There was more heterogeneity among diagnosis-groups and individual-groups than among regions as groups.
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