| 11. |
- Hagquist, Curt, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring subjective health among adolescents in Sweden : A Rasch-analysis of the HBSC-instrument
- 2004
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Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 68:2, s. 201-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cross-national WHO-study Health Behaviourin School-Aged Children (HBSC) is acomprehensive adolescent survey ongoing inEurope based on a public health perspective.The present study, examining theHBSC-instrument on subjective health, uses theunidimensional Rasch model. Items are analysedwith respect to their operating characteristicsacross the whole range of the subjective healthscale and the empirical operation of theresponse categories intended to be ordered forall items. The study is based oncross-sectional data collected in Sweden duringthe 1980s and 1990s among students in yearsfive, seven and nine.The analyses reveal that the symptom checklistin the HBSC-instrument does not workconsistently with the Rasch model when alleight items are analysed simultaneously. Inparticular, the response categories do not workas intended. Hence, the original set of eightitems should not be used to construct a latentmeasure of subjective health. In order tobring the instrument to meet the requirementsof the Rasch model, three items were removed. The reduced set of five items did workconsistently with the model with respect to theresponse categories, and did show relativeinvariance across the latent trait. Since a fewof the remaining items showed lack ofinvariance across genders and grades thatproblem should be solved, if the reduced itemset is to be used for post-hoc analyses.Furthermore, the analysis of the reduced set ofitems suggests that both ``somatic'' and``psychological'' complaints might be consideredas parts of one higher order dimension ofsubjective health.In order to improve the questionnaire, furtherattention should be paid to the response formatof the items.
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| 12. |
- Hagquist, Curt, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The Psychometric Properties of the Early Development Instrument : A Rasch Analysis Based on Swedish Pilot Data
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 117:1, s. 301-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a population measure and an indicator of children’s developmental health before entering the school system. EDI-Sweden was translated and adapted from EDI-Canada. In 2011 a pilot study was conducted, as a first step of the preparations for nationwide implementation of EDI in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to analyse the psychometric properties of EDI-Sweden. Data about 116 5-year-old children were collected at ten preschools in two municipalities. EDI consists of 104 core items in five domains: physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive development, communication skills and general knowledge. Preschool teachers completed a web based questionnaire for each child. The data were analysed using the unidimensional Rasch model. With exception for the domain of physical health and well-being the Rasch analysis showed satisfying psychometric properties of EDI after removal of some misfitting items. In these four domains no items showed disordered thresholds and the reliability was good, indicated by person separation index values of 0.73 or higher. Tentative analyses of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) showed that some items didn’t work invariantly across genders, suggesting that the DIF-items should be split into gender specific items. Due to the relatively small sample size the results can’t provide definite answers but tentative indications of the psychometric properties of the EDI-Sweden. As a whole the Rasch analysis provides ground for cautious optimism for large scale assessment of EDI-Sweden enabling more thorough and finer level analysis of the instrument.
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| 13. |
- Hansson, Åse, 1952
(författare)
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Instructional responsibility in mathematics education: Modelling classroom teaching using Swedish data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 75:2, s. 171-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an international trend in mathematics education of antiauthoritarianism, emphasising cooperative learning and students’ autonomous search for knowledge. In Sweden, this is framed by “students’ independent work”, characterized by only limited amounts of teacher-student and student-student interaction and communication and a low level of teacher responsibility for knowledge generation. Research investigating occurrence and effects of different dimensions of instructional responsibility and authority in classroom practise, however, often takes the very presence of instructional responsibility for granted. In this paper, an alternative model for description and analysis of instructional practise is proposed, which challenges the potential of the traditional division into teacher- versus student-centred modes of instruction. Theoretical starting-points for conceptualising and defining mathematics classroom practises focus on instructional responsibility both for knowledge generation and for how this responsibility would be expressed in instructional practise. It was also investigated how this model corresponds with data from TIMSS 2003. The empirical results supported the possibility of adopting this alternative perspective in modes of instruction.
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| 14. |
- Hansson, Åse, 1952
(författare)
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The meaning of mathematics instruction in multilingual classrooms: Analyzing the importance of responsibility for learning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 81:1, s. 103-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the multilingual mathematics classroom, the assignment for teachers to scaffold students by means of instruction and guidance in order to facilitate language progress and learning for all is often emphasized. In Sweden, where mathematics education is characterized by a low level of teacher responsibility for students' performance, this responsibility is in part passed on to students. However, research investigating the complexity of relations between mathematics teaching and learning in multilingual classrooms, as well as effect studies of mathematics teaching, often take the existence of teachers' responsibility for offering specific content activities for granted. This study investigates the relations between different aspects of responsibility in mathematics teaching and students' performance in the multilingual mathematics classroom. The relationship between different group compositions and how the responsibility is expressed is also investigated. Multilevel structural equation models using TIMSS 2003 data identified a substantial positive influence on mathematics achievement of teachers taking responsibility for students' learning processes by organizing and offering a learning environment where the teacher actively and openly supports the students in their mathematics learning, and where the students also are active and learn mathematics themselves. A correlation was also revealed between group composition, in terms of students' social and linguistic background, and how mathematics teaching was performed. This relationship indicates pedagogical segregation in Swedish mathematics education by teachers taking less responsibility for students' learning processes in classes with a high proportion of students born abroad or a high proportion of students with low socio-economic status.
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| 15. |
- Hoffart, Asle, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Do general therapy change principles represent causal relationships?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of psychotherapy integration. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0479 .- 1573-3696. ; 24:4, s. 280-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In his reply to our critique of the idea to integrate psychotherapies on the basis of general therapy change principles (TCPs), Goldfried (2014) maintains that these principles represent causal connections. In this comment, we argue that attributing a causal status to the TCPs involves seeing them as latent constructs, which is associated with a number of conceptual problems. A causal network analysis of observable symptoms, targets of change, and procedures, explained within a causal schema, appears to be a viable alternative. We further argue that the TCPs seem to represent something we know about humans by being human. Denial of these principles makes no sense. Thus, they lack the hallmark of empirical propositions that their denial is logically possible. Consequently, the TCPs cannot be refuted by experience.
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| 16. |
- Hoffart, Asle, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotherapy integration through general therapy change principles : Missing the core of psychotherapy?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of psychotherapy integration. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1053-0479 .- 1573-3696. ; 24:4, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed to integrate psychotherapies on the basis of general therapy change principles (TCPs). In this theoretical study, the authors analyzed the concept of psychotherapy and evaluated the TCPs' integrative approach from the position of this concept. The authors found that the TCPs' conceptualization is largely inconsistent with the concept of psychotherapy and contains assumptions that either raise conceptual issues or do not appear to fit with clinical evidence. In contrast to what is asserted or implied in the TCPs' approach, the abstract nature of the change principles means that they do not denote causal relationships, are not empirically testable, and cannot serve as a useful guide for clinical action. Moreover, the embeddedness of therapy procedures in causal schemas makes the assumption that therapists can master a multitude of procedures from different therapies unrealistic. Also against the assumptions of the TCPs' approach, the total effect of therapy is probably not the sum of the effects of the procedures and procedures and rationales from different therapies cannot be combined. Overall, the issues of the TCPs' integrative approach seem to stem from the omission of the essential feature of psychotherapy: to operate according to causal schemas of psychological phenomena. The authors argue that a focus on differences between therapies instead of common principles may lead to important assimilative integrations.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kuosmanen, Jari, 1952
(författare)
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Care Provision, Empowerment, and Market Forces: The Art of Establishing Legitimacy for Work integration Social Enterprices
- 2014
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Ingår i: Voluntas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-8765. ; 25, s. 248-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Using Suchman’s taxonomy, the generation of legitimacy in relation to both external parties/stakeholders and employees by four Swedish work integration social enterprises (WISEs) was investigated. Data were collected through focus group and individual interviews. When operating in fiercely competitive markets, a pragmatic exchange legitimacy was mainly used. When selling complex products, such as investigations of work capacity, normative, and cognitive forms of legitimacy were common. As regards internal relations, normative legitimacy established though robust internal procedures was of importance. In addition, relational legitimacy when dealing with clients, funders, and employees emerged as important. The study indicates that WISEs tend to imitate profit-generating organizations in generating legitimacy. Although short-term resource-generation can be facilitated, the replication of for-profit practices can create a tension with the concurrent aim of being an innovative and empowering enterprise for people who otherwise would be excluded from the labor market.
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| 19. |
- Lindh, Thomas, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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EU Economic Growth and the Age Structure of the Population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Economic Change and Restructuring. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-9414 .- 1574-0277. ; 42:3, s. 159-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We test the robustness of correlations between age structure and economic growth in EU15 countries by replicating a previous OECD study. A hump-shaped relation with the age structure is confirmed where increases in the dependent age group shares are associated with decreasing GDP growth rates. In addition we confirm that the peak of the hump is in the upper part of the working age population. Models estimated on data up to 1990 agree quite well when data for 15 more years are added. Sensitivity tests, instrumented regressions and addition of control variables do not change this conclusion. Thus, the age profile of correlations between age and economic growth is robust over time. This motivates a prospective analysis of future effects ageing will have on EU growth. The basic conclusion from this exercise is that ageing will be accompanied by stagnation in GDP growth, but at rather different time horizons.
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| 20. |
- Lingefjärd, Thomas, 1952
(författare)
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Mathematical modeling for preservice teachers: A problem form anesthesiology
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning. - 1573-1766. ; 7:2, s. 117-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reported in this article deals with the observed actions of prospective Swedish mathematics teachers as they were working with a modeling situation. These prospective teachers were preparing to teach in Grades 4 to 9 or in the gymnasium (Grades 10 to 12) and were students in a course in mathematical modeling. The larger study of which this study was a part focused on these students’ understanding of modeling and how they related mathematical models to the real world. This article also attempts to illustrate how mathematics is intertwined with many other subjects, in this case medicine.
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