| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Arvidsson, Yvonne, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxic Effects of Valproic Acid on Neuroendocrine Tumour Cells.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0194 .- 0028-3835. ; 103:5, s. 578-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modulate lysine acetylation on histones and are frequently deregulated in cancer. HDAC inhibitors with potent anti-tumour effects have been developed and are now being tested in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of class-I and class-IIa HDACs, on neuroendocrine tumour (NET) cell growth.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Baudin, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Unmet Medical Needs in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Neoplasms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 108:1, s. 7-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) display the common features of all well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and are classified as low- and intermediate-grade malignant tumours (i.e., typical and atypical carcinoid, respectively). There is a paucity of randomised studies dedicated to advanced PCs and management principles are drawn from the larger gastroenteropancreatic NEN experience. There is growing evidence that NEN anatomic subgroups have different biology and different responses to treatment and, therefore, should be investigated as separate entities in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence and limitations of tumour classification, diagnostics and staging, prognostication, and treatment in the setting of PC, with focus on unmet medical needs and directions for the future.
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| 15. |
- Berger, A, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 75:2, s. 130-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has been shown to be present in certain brain tumors. In order to learn more about GAL and its receptors in human tumors of the peripheral nervous system, we investigated the expression of the GAL peptide and the GAL receptors in tumor tissue from childhood neuroblastic tumors. GAL peptide concentrations up to 674 ± 166 fmol/mg of tissue were detected by radioimmunoassay, but no significant correlation with standard tumor markers or the prognosis of the 14 patients investigated was observed. Ligand binding experiments showed different levels of GAL binding in all 28 primary neuroblastomas and 7 ganglioneuromas investigated. All three human GAL receptor subtypes cloned to date could be detected, with the GALR1 receptor subtype being expressed most prominently. GAL binding did not significantly correlate with genetic markers such as unfavorable DNA ploidy, amplification of the oncogene <i>MYC</i>N and allelic loss of chromosome 1p. However, low galanin binding was significantly correlated with survival (p = 0.021) in this limited analysis of neuroblastic tumor samples. These results raise the possibility that the expression of GAL binding sites may play a role in neuroblastic tumor biology and behavior.
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| 16. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampus and raphe nuclei after gonadal hormone manipulation in female rats.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 74:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female ovarian steroids influence mood and cognition, an effect presumably mediated by the serotonergic system. A key receptor in this interplay may be the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype. We gave adult ovariectomized female rats subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the dorsal hippocampus, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and entorhinal cortex. Estradiol treatment alone reduced 5-HT(1A) gene expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA2 region (17 and 19% decrease, respectively). Estradiol combined with progesterone supplementation increased 5-HT(1A) gene expression versus placebo in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the dorsal hippocampus (16 and 30% increase, respectively). Concomitantly, 5-HT(1A) mRNA expression was decreased by 13% in the ventrolateral part of the dorsal raphe nuclei, while no changes were found in the median raphe nucleus and entorhinal cortex. Chronic effects of ovarian hormones on 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression appear tissue-specific and involve hippocampal subregions and the raphe nuclei. Modulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression may be of importance for gonadal steroid effects on mood and cognition. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bodei, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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The Status of Neuroendocrine Tumor Imaging : From Darkness to Light?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 101:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging, treatment selection and follow-up for neuroendocrine tumors. The available diagnostic strategies are morphologic imaging, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound techniques, and molecular imaging, including scintigraphy with 111In-pentetreotide and positron emission tomography with 68Ga-DOTA-peptides, 18F-DOPA and 11C-5-HTP. A combination of anatomic and functional techniques is routinely performed to optimize sensitivity and specificity. The introduction of diffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced techniques represents a promising advance in radiologic imaging, whereas new receptor-binding peptides, including somatostatin agonists and antagonists, represent the recent most favorable innovation in molecular imaging. Future development includes the short-term validation of these techniques, but in extension also a more comprehensive multilevel integration of biologic information pertaining to a specific tumor and patient, possibly encompassing genomic considerations, currently evolving as a new entity denoted ‘precision medicine'. The ideal is a diagnostic sequence that captures the global status of an individual's tumor and encompasses a multidimensional characterization of tumor location, metabolic performance and target identification. To date, advances in imagery have focused on increasing resolution, discrimination and functional characterization. In the future, the fusion of imagery with the parallel analysis of biological and genomic information has the potential to considerably amplify diagnosis.
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| 19. |
- Botling, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High-grade progression confers poor survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 110:11-12, s. 891-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Little is known about how Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PanNETs) evolve over time and if changes towards a more aggressive biology correlates with prognosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize changes PanNET differentiation and proliferation over time, and to correlate findings to overall survival (OS).PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study we screened 475 PanNET patients treated at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Sporadic patients with baseline and follow-up tumor samples were included. Pathology reports and available tissue sections were re-evaluated with regard to tumor histopathology and Ki-67 index.RESULTS: Forty-six patients with 106 tumor samples (56 available for pathology re-evaluation) were included. Median Ki-67 index at diagnosis was 7% (range 1-38%), grade 1 n=8, grade 2 n=36, and grade 3 n=2. The median change in Ki-67 index (absolute value; follow-up - baseline) was +14% (range -11 to +80%). Increase in tumor grade occurred in 28 patients (63.6%), the majority from grade 1/2 to grade 3 (n=24, 54.5%). The patients with a high-grade progression had a median OS of 50.2 months compared to 115.1 months in patients without such progression (HR 3.89, 95% CI 1.91-7.94, P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: A longitudinal increase in Ki-67 index and increase in tumor grade were observed in a majority of PanNETs included in this study. We propose that increase in Ki-67 index and high-grade progression should be investigated further as important biomarkers in PanNET.
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| 20. |
- Broberger, C, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptide Y innervation and neuropeptide-Y-Y1-receptor-expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the mouse
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 70:5, s. 295-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) serves as integrator and link between the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY)-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus project to the PVH, where neurons expressing NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) have been demonstrated. This projection has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of parameters related to energy metabolism, e.g. food intake and thermoregulation. The present study aimed at characterizing this pathway and chemically defining Y1R-expressing neurons by means of immunohistochemistry. The densely distributed NPY-immunoreactive (ir) terminals in the PVH co-stained for agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) mainly in the medial parvocellular regions, indicating an origin in the arcuate nucleus. This was in contrast to noradrenergic/adrenergic terminals in the PVH, which were less frequently seen to contain NPY-like immunoreactivity. Furthermore, AGRP-ir terminals were seen forming abundant close appositions on Y1R-ir cell bodies. Double staining revealed co-existence of Y1R-like immunoreactivity and immunoreactivities for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and, to a minor extent, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in parvocellular neurons. No Y1R-like immunoreactivity was noted in parvocellular neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing hormone or in magnocellular neurons expressing vasopressin or oxytocin. The present results suggest that the arcuatoparaventricular NPY projection targets the TRH neurons preferentially via the Y1R, whereas the NPYergic regulation of corticotropinergic and magnocellular neurons may be relayed through other subtypes of NPY receptors. This study further defines the link between NPY-induced feeding and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.
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