| 11. |
- Bahram, Mohammad
(författare)
-
Carbon content and pH as important drivers of fungal community structure in three Amazon forests
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 450, s. 111-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Amazonia comprises a mosaic of ecosystems that harbor high biodiversity. Knowledge about fungal diversity and ecology in this region remains very limited. Here, we examine soil fungal communities in forests of the Colombian Amazonia and their relationship to important edaphic variables. Methods Fungal communities were studied interra-firmeforests dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees,terra-firmeforests with the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) treePseudomonotes tropenbosii(Dipterocarpaceae), and white sand forests (WSF) with the EcM host plant generaDicymbeandAldina(Fabaceae). Fungal community composition was determined through 454-pyrosequencing of the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. We established the impact of the type of forest and edaphic parameters in structuring the fungal communities. Results We found a high diversity of fungi with 2,507 OTUs occurring in the soil samples studied. Carbon content and pH were the main edaphic factors contributing to structure the fungal community across all forests. Fungal community composition differs amongterra-firmeplots and WSF, while it was similar among AM and EcM-dominated areas interra-firme. Our results revealed an important EcM fungal diversity interra-firmeAM-forests, where some EcM plants such as the ones in the generaCoccolobaandNeeaoccur scattered within an AM-matrix. Conclusions This is a first approximation to understand the ecology of soil fungal communities in forests of the Colombian Amazonia. We found that fungal soil communities have a spatial variation related to forest type (terra-firmeand WSF), soil pH, and soil carbon content. Due to the strong correlation between vegetation and soil fertility in Amazonia, it is difficult to understand the effects of those factors to the fungal communities.
|
|
| 12. |
- Bahram, Mohammad
(författare)
-
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant invasion trajectory
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 441, s. 1-14
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Invasive plant species pose a global threat because they alter ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. The majority of plants form mutualistic mycorrhizal associations with mycorrhizal fungi, which contribute to the nutrient and water supply as well as diversity, competitive ability, and ecosystem productivity. In addition, the role of mycorrhizal interactions in plant invasiveness and the susceptibility or resistance of a habitat to invasion is increasingly recognized. However, the mechanisms by which mycorrhizae contribute to invasion remain unresolved. Scope Here, we provide an overview of the empirical evidence and discuss the prospects for mycorrhizaemediated plant invasion. Overall, mycorrhizal fungi appear to have impacts on plant invasion that depend on the similarities between the mycorrhizal associations of the alien and native plants. We introduce plant mycorrhizal niche space (PMNS) as a plant's ability to exploit and shape the mycorrhizal fungi pool of a habitat based on its dependency on mycorrhizal fungi, traits and priority effects. Conclusions Collectively, the available evidence supports the idea that PMNS is independent of place of origin (invasive status). Understanding the drivers of the PMNS of both native and alien plant species may help to predict the potential invasiveness of plants and the invasibility of a habitat, to elucidate the role of the mycorrhizal fungal community in plant invasion and the impact of plant invasion on the structure of the mycorrhizal fungal community in new habitats (i.e., neighbour effect) and to improve restoration planning. In this regard, we highlight a number of knowledge gaps and discuss future research directions.
|
|
| 13. |
- Bandau, Franziska, et al.
(författare)
-
Genotypic variability in Populus tremula L. affects how anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment influences litter decomposition
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 410:1-2, s. 467-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal forests can receive substantial nitrogen (N) enrichment via atmospheric N deposition and industrial forest fertilization. While it is known that N enrichment can impact ecosystem properties, such as litter decomposition, it remains poorly understood how genetic variability within plant species modifies these impacts. We grew replicates of ten Populus tremula L. genotypes (GTs) under 3 N conditions; ambient, and levels representing atmospheric N deposition and industrial forest fertilization. We measured leaf and litter physical and chemical traits, and conducted a litter decomposition assay. Leaf traits varied due to N treatment, GT, and constitutive tannin levels. Leaf traits were in some cases correlated with litter traits, and decomposition was influenced by single and interactive effects of N and GT. Nitrogen addition unexpectedly decelerated decomposition, potentially due to changes in specific leaf area (SLA). Variation in decomposition rates among the GTs was best explained by their differences in SLA, and lignin:N ratio. Nitrogen addition also caused a shift in which traits most strongly influenced decomposition. Our findings highlight that the considerable diversity present in tree species can have a strong influence on ecosystem processes, such as decomposition, and how these processes respond to environmental change.
|
|
| 14. |
- Barcenas-Moreno, Gema, et al.
(författare)
-
Plant species influence on soil microbial short-term response after fire simulation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 374:1-2, s. 701-713
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant species can influence fire intensity and severity causing different immediate and long-term responses on the soil microbial community. The main objective of this work was to determine the role of two representative Mediterranean plant species as soil organic matter sources, and to identify their influence on microbial response before and after heat exposure. A laboratory heating experiment (300 A degrees C for 20 min) was performed using soil collected under Pinus hallepensis (PIN) and Quercus coccifera (KER). Dried plant material was added before heating for a total of six different treatments: non-heated control samples amended with the original plant material (PIN0 and KER0); PIN samples heated with pine (PINp) or kermes oak litter (PINk); KER samples heated with kermes oak (KERk) or pine litter (KERp). Heated soils were inoculated with the original fresh soil and different microbial parameters related to abundance, activity and possible changes in microbial community composition and chemical soil parameters that could be conditioning microbial response were measured for 28 days after inoculation. The effect of heating on the soil microbial parameters studied was influenced to a small extent by the plant species providing fuel, being evident in soil samples taken under pine influence. Nevertheless heating effect showed marked differences when plant species influence on soil origin was analyzed. In general, samples taken under pine appear to be more negatively affected by heating treatment than samples collected under kermes oak, highlighting the importance of vegetation as a fresh organic matter source in soil ecosystems before and after fire.
|
|
| 15. |
- Ben-Gal, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal robustness of linear relationships between production and transpiration
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 251:2, s. 211-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal dependence of biomass production on transpiration has been previously reported for a number of crops under salinity and drought. Linear yield (Y) to transpiration ( T) relationships have been utilized in plant-growth and water-uptake models to estimate yield based on predicted transpiration values. The relationship is often employed for time steps that are very small compared with the whole season measurements, even though no empirical validation exists for such application. This work tests the hypothesis that linear Y-T relationships are valid throughout the life span of crops under varied natural conditions and levels of environmental stress. Effects of salinity and water supply on growth, water use and yields of tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied for two distinct conditions of potential transpiration. Linear relationships between relative Y and relative ET were found to be consistent throughout the life span of the crops for both growing seasons. Water-use efficiency increased together with plant growth as a result of changes in the plant's surface area to volume ratio. This empirical validation of linear Y-T relationships for short time periods is beneficial in confirming their usefulness in growth and water uptake models.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bengtsson, Fia, et al.
(författare)
-
Biochemical determinants of litter quality in 15 species of Sphagnum
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 425:1-2, s. 161-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Sphagnum mosses are ecosystem engineers that create and maintain boreal peatlands. With unique biochemistry, waterlogging and acidifying capacities, they build up meters-thick layers of peat, reducing competition and impeding decomposition. We quantify within-genus differences in biochemical composition to make inferences about decay rates, related to hummock-hollow and fen-bog gradients and to phylogeny. Methods We sampled litter from 15 Sphagnum species, abundant over the whole northern hemisphere. We used regression and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to evaluate general relationships between litter quality parameters and decay rates measured under laboratory and field conditions. Results Both concentrations of the polysaccharide sphagnan and the soluble phenolics were positively correlated with intrinsic decay resistance, however, so were the previously understudied lignin-like phenolics. More resistant litter had more of all the important metabolites; consequently, PC1 scores were related to lab mass loss (R-2 = 0.57). There was no such relationship with field mass loss, which is also affected by the environment. PCA also revealed that metabolites clearly group Sphagnum sections (subgenera). Conclusions We suggest that the commonly stated growth-decomposition trade-off is largely due to litter quality. We show a strong phylogenetic control on Sphagnum metabolites, but their effects on decay are affected by nutrient availability in the habitat.
|
|
| 17. |
- Berckx, Fede, et al.
(författare)
-
Harnessing plant–microbe interactions to promote nitrogen use efficiency in cereal crops
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 494, s. 75-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing nitrogen (N) use efciency (NUE) can enhance cereal yields, improve grain quality and reduce agrochemical inputs. However, several challenges are associated with achieving enhanced NUE, e.g., a frequently poor synchronization between N supply and demand; low grain yields per unit of N input; and inherent trade-ofs between grain yield and quality. Scope: To address these challenges, we focus on the temporal perspective of NUE related processes at different growth stages, and propose the utilization of benefcial microbes, e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their roles in afecting aspects of NUE particularly at the later development stages.Conclusion: Some evidence suggests that AMF can directly promote N uptake and use in cereals, by regulating N transporters, but the indirect efects of AMF on NUE related processes at diferent growth stages are poorly known. Here we explore AMF and their potential roles in promoting NUE related processes that enhance crop P and N uptake post-anthesis, when nutrient supply often is low. In order to fully exploit the opportunities for benefcial root-fungal symbiosis, we propose approaches for plant breeding and crop management, and consider the potential of plantmicrobe interactions post-anthesis to promote NUE and the sustainable production of especially cereals.
|
|
| 18. |
- Berg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Transfer of fixed-N from N-2-fixing cyanobacteria associated with the moss Sphagnum riparium results in enhanced growth of the moss
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 362:1-2, s. 271-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the general assumption that nitrogen fixed by associated cyanobacteria will be readily utilised for growth by the Sphagnum, no empirical evidence is available in the literature. Therefore the effects of nitrogen transfer from cyanobacteria associated with S. riparium were investigated. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCultivation of S. riparium with and without cyanobacteria was performed under laboratory conditions for 57 days. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanWe show that nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria associated with Sphagnum mosses, influences moss growth by transfer of fixed nitrogen to the moss. More than 35 % of the nitrogen fixed by cyanobacteria was transferred to the newly formed moss biomass and resulted in an increase in the growth of Sphagnum biomass compared to the controls. The variation in the increase of nitrogen content explained 76 % of the biomass increment. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanHence, nitrogen fixation will have immediate effect on the carbon fixation by Sphagnum. This shows that factors regulating nitrogen fixation will have a direct effect on the role of Sphagnum dominated ecosystems with respect to carbon cycling.
|
|
| 19. |
- Berggren Kleja, Dan, et al.
(författare)
-
Fine root turnover and litter production of Norway spruce in a long-term temperature and nutrient manipulation experiment
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 374, s. 73-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number and elongation of fine roots tended to be higher in WI and I compared to the other treatments, which may indicate nutrient shortage. Fine roots in the WFI treatment had the lowest median longevity and from three to fourfold higher below-ground litter production compared to WI, FI or I - higher soil temperature increased the litter input particularly into the mineral soil. Only fertilization increased the above-ground litter production. As warmer and more nutrient-rich soil significantly shortened the fine root lifespan and increased the litter input, the storage of carbon in boreal forest soil may increase in the future.
|
|
| 20. |
- Berghuijs, Herman, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of species traits enhancing yield in wheat-faba bean intercropping: development and sensitivity analysis of a minimalist mixture model
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 455, s. 203-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Cereal-legume intercropping can result in yield gains compared to monocrops. We aim to identify the combination of crop traits and management practices that confer a yield advantage in strip intercropping. Methods We developed a novel, parameter-sparse process-based crop growth model (Minimalist Mixture Model, M-3) that can simulate strip intercrops under well-watered but nitrogen limited growth conditions. It was calibrated and validated for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spring faba bean (Vicia faba) grown as monocrops and intercrops, and used to identify the most suitable trait combinations in these intercrops via sensitivity analyses. Results The land equivalent ratio of intercrops was greater than one over a wide range of nitrogen fertilizer levels, but transgressive overyielding, with total yield in the intercrop greater than that of either sole crop, was only obtained at intermediate nitrogen applications. We ranked the local sensitivities of the individual yields of wheat and faba bean of the whole intercrop under various nitrogen input levels to various crop traits. Conclusions The total intercrop yield can be improved by selecting specific traits related to phenology of both species, as well as light use efficiency of faba bean and, under high nitrogen applications, of wheat. Changes in height-related crop traits affected individual yields of species in intercrops but not the total intercrop yield.
|
|
