| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Di Stefano, M, et al.
(författare)
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Reverse transcriptase sequence of paired isolates of cerebrospinal fluid and blood from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during zidovudine treatment
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 33:2, s. 352-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates obtained from the blood of patients undergoing treatment with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine [AZT]) show a decreased sensitivity to the drug in vitro. The aim of the present study was to determine if HIV-1 variants resistant to AZT are present also in the brain compartment. We selected sequential HIV-1 isolates from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of six patients with HIV-1 infection undergoing AZT therapy for a time varying between 1 and 3 years. The isolates were used to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures which were used to prepare viral DNA. The viral DNA was amplified by PCR and then directly sequenced. Analysis of the reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence of the isolates from the CSF during therapy demonstrated that CSF-resistant isolates are characterized by the same mutations documented in resistant isolates from the blood compartment. Isolates obtained from one patient (patient 3) showed the same two mutations (codons 70 and 215) in blood and CSF, whereas isolates obtained from an additional four patients presented a different pattern of mutations in the two compartments. We also analyzed the degree of amino acid homology between RT sequences from blood and CSF isolates in patients before and during AZT treatment. The percentages of amino acid variations were approximately equal when isolates from the same or different compartments were considered. Excluding the codons involved in AZT resistance, the time point of sampling did not affect RT variations during therapy significantly. In conclusion, our studies show that AZT-resistant HIV-1 can be found in the CSF of patients undergoing treatment. The mutations linked to AZT resistance in the CSF isolates are the same as those identified in AZT-resistant isolates from blood.
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| 13. |
- DISTEFANO, M, et al.
(författare)
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Reverse transcriptase sequence of paired isolates of cerebrospinal fluid and blood from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during zidovudine treatment
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 33:2, s. 352-355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates obtained from the blood of patients undergoing treatment with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine [AZT]) show a decreased sensitivity to the drug in vitro. The aim of the present study was to determine if HIV-1 variants resistant to AZT are present also in the brain compartment. We selected sequential HIV-1 isolates from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of six patients with HIV-1 infection undergoing AZT therapy for a time varying between 1 and 3 years. The isolates were used to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures which were used to prepare viral DNA. The viral DNA was amplified by PCR and then directly sequenced. Analysis of the reverse transcriptase (RT) sequence of the isolates from the CSF during therapy demonstrated that CSF-resistant isolates are characterized by the same mutations documented in resistant isolates from the blood compartment. Isolates obtained from one patient (patient 3) showed the same two mutations (codons 70 and 215) in blood and CSF, whereas isolates obtained from an additional four patients presented a different pattern of mutations in the two compartments. We also analyzed the degree of amino acid homology between RT sequences from blood and CSF isolates in patients before and during AZT treatment. The percentages of amino acid variations were approximately equal when isolates from the same or different compartments were considered. Excluding the codons involved in AZT resistance, the time point of sampling did not affect RT variations during therapy significantly. In conclusion, our studies show that AZT-resistant HIV-1 can be found in the CSF of patients undergoing treatment. The mutations linked to AZT resistance in the CSF isolates are the same as those identified in AZT-resistant isolates from blood.
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| 14. |
- EDEVAG, G, et al.
(författare)
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based inhibition test for neutralizing antibodies to polioviruses as an alternative to the neutralization test in tissue culture
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 33:11, s. 2927-2930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A poliovirus-binding inhibition test (PoBI test) was established for the quantitative determination of antibodies to polioviruses and was evaluated in comparison with the conventional neutralization test (NT). The first step of the PoBI test is an incubation of serial dilutions of test samples with inactivated poliovirus followed by the detection of free viral epitopes by a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with type-specific capture polyclonal antisera and type-specific neutralizing monoclonal indicator antibodies. A comparison of the PoBI test with the conventional NT for antibodies to all three types in 100 human serum samples showed excellent correlations (r > 0.95) over a wide range of antibody concentrations. The PoBI test, not necessitating live virus and tissue culture facilities, could be a simple alternative to the NT, and the principle of the assay is potentially applicable to other microbial systems.
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| 15. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Serological diagnosis of hantavirus infections by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on detection of immunoglobulin G and M responses to recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of five viral serotypes
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 35:5, s. 1122-1130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Worldwide, hantaviruses cause more than 100,000 human infections annually. Rapid and accurate methods are important both in monitoring acute infections and for epidemiological studies. We and others have shown that the amino termini of hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins (Ns) are sensitive tools for the detection of specific antibodies in hantavirus disease. Accordingly, we expressed truncated Ns (amino acids 1 to 117) in Escherichia coli from the five hantaviruses known to be pathogenic to man; Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Dobrava (DOB), Sin Nombre (SN), and Puumala (PUU) viruses. In order to obtain pure antigens for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the recombinant proteins were purified by polyhistidine-metal chelate affinity chromatography. Polyclonal animal antisera and a panel of serum specimens from hantavirus-infected individuals from Scandinavia, Slovenia, Russia, Korea, China, and the United States were used to evaluate the usefulness of the method. With both human and animal sera, it was possible to designate the antibody response into two groups: those with HTN, SEO, and DOB virus reactivity on the one hand and those with SN and PUU virus reactivity on the other. In sera from Scandinavia, European Russia, and the United States, the antibody response was directed mainly to the PUU and SN virus group. The sera from Asia reacted almost exclusively with the HTN, SEO, and DOB types of viruses. This was true for both the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses, indicating that this type of discrimination can be done during the acute phase of hantavirus infections. Both the HTN, SEO, and DOB virus and the PUU and SN virus types of antibody response patterns were found in patients from the Balkan region (Solvenia).
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| 16. |
- Enroth, H, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of a rapid whole-blood test for detection of Helicobacter pylori
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 35:10, s. 2695-2697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we evaluated a rapid whole-blood test, BM-test Helicobacter pylori, for detection of H. pylori infection in 144 and 48 patients with other gastrointestinal symptoms and with gastric cancer, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of the test correlated well with the standards used for the calculation, i.e., serology by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or culture and histology.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ericsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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An outbreak of listeriosis suspected to have been caused by rainbow trout
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 35:11, s. 2904-2907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An outbreak of listeriosis in Sweden, consisting of nine cases, was investigated by means of molecular typing of strains from patients and strains isolated from suspected foodstuffs, together with interviews of the patients. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from six of the patients, and all isolates were of the same clonal type. This clonal type was also isolated from a 'gravad' rainbow trout, made by producer Y, found in the refrigerator of one of the patients. Unopened packages obtained from producer y were also found to contain the same clonal type of L. monocytogenes. Based on the interview results and the bacteriological typing, we suspect that at least six of the nine cases were caused by gravad or cold-smoked rainbow trout made by producer Y. To our knowledge, this is the first rainbow trout-borne outbreak of listeriosis ever reported.
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| 19. |
- Falklind, S, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning and sequence of a region of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal and its use in PCR-based detection
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 34:12, s. 2904-2908
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We isolated and characterized a Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal-specific DNA region by arbitrary PCR. The fragment contains open reading frames encoding two potential glycosyltransferases possibly involved in capsular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In order to evaluate the possibility that this region could be used for the specific detection of V. cholerae O139 Bengal, a PCR system was established. The specificity and sensitivity of the PCR were investigated by analyzing 240 strains within the family Vibrionaceae and 178 stains of other gram-negative bacteria. All V. cholerae O139 Bengal strains tested were positive, and none of the 384 control strains were amplified. The sensitivity of the assay was 10(2) CFU/ml.
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| 20. |
- Fermer, C, et al.
(författare)
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Specific PCR identification and differentiation of the thermophilic campylobacters, Campylobacter jejuni, C-coli, C-lari, and C-upsaliensis
- 1999
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 0095-1137. ; 37:10, s. 3370-3373
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A sensitive PCR assay that detects the thermophilic campylobacters C.jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis is reported. Furthermore, by digestion of the PCR products with two restriction enzymes, species differentiation was demonstrated. Thus, the
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