| 11. |
- Gelang, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification
- 2009
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In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 38:3, s. 225-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Babblers, family Timaliidae, have long been subject to debate on systematic position, family limits and internal taxonomy. In this study, we use five molecular regions to estimate the relationships among a large proportion of genera traditionally placed in Timaliidae. We find good support for five main clades within this radiation, and propose a new classification, dividing the babblers into the families Sylviidae and Timaliidae. Within the latter family, four subfamilies are recognized: Zosteropinae, Timaliinae, Pellorneinae and Leiothrichinae. Several taxa, previously not studied with molecular data, are phylogenetically placed within Sylviidae or Timaliidae. This is, however, not the case for the genus Pnoepyga, for which we propose the family name Pnoepygidae fam. n.
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| 12. |
- Härlin, Carina, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeny of the eureptantic nemerteans revisited
- 2001
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In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 30:1, s. 49-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we revisit the phylogeny of the eureptantic nemerteans. Three species (Kameginemertes parmiornatus, Drepanophoriella histriana, and Polyschista curacaoensis), not present in the original analyses by Härlin & Sundberg (1995), are included, and in the light of the new results we discuss the phylogenetic taxonomy as well as biogeography of the Eureptantia. The biogeography is assessed by dispersal-vicariance analysis (Ronquist 1997), and the new phylogenetic taxonomy is based on developments (Härlin 1998b, 1999b; Härlin & Sundberg 1998) of nomenclatural ideas originally presented by de Queiroz & Gauthier (1990, 1992).
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Johanson, K.A., et al.
(author)
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Testing the monophyly of the New Zealand and Australian endemic family Conoesucidae Ross based on combined molecular and morphological data (Insecta: Trichoptera: Sericostomatoidea)
- 2009
-
In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 38:6, s. 563-573
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Conoesucidae (Trichoptera, Insecta) are restricted to SE Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. The family includes 42 described species in 12 genera, and each genus is endemic to either New Zealand or Australia. Although monophyly has been previously assumed, no morphological characters have been proposed to represent synapomorphies for the group. We collected molecular data from two mitochondrial genes (16S and cytochrome oxidase I), one nuclear gene (elongation factor 1-alpha) (2237-2277 bp in total), and 12 morphological characters to produce the first phylogeny of the family. We combined the molecular and morphological characters and performed both a maximum parsimony analysis and a Bayesian analysis to test the monophyly of the family, and to hypothesize the phylogeny among its genera. The parsimony analysis revealed a single most parsimonious tree with Conoesucidae being a monophyletic taxon and sistergroup to the Calocidae. The Bayesian inference produced a distribution of trees, the consensus of which is supported with posterior probabilities of 100% for 15 out of 22 possible ingroup clades including the most basal branch of the family, indicating strong support for a monophyletic Conoesucidae. The most parsimonious tree and the tree from the Bayesian analysis were identical except that the ingroup genus Pycnocentria changed position by jumping to a neighbouring clade. Based on the assumption that the ancestral conoesucid species was present on both New Zealand and Australia, a biogeographical analysis using the dispersal-vicariance criteria demonstrated that one or two (depending on which of the two phylogenetic reconstructions were applied) sympatric speciation events took place on New Zealand prior to a single, late dispersal from New Zealand to Australia.
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| 15. |
- Koblmuller, Stephan, et al.
(author)
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Phylogeographic structure and gene flow in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae) in southern Lake Tanganyika
- 2009
-
In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 38:3, s. 257-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the most fragmented habitats in freshwater lakes is the rocky littoral zone, where the already richly structured habitat is frequently interspersed with more pronounced barriers such as sandy bays, river estuaries and deep slopes. Although habitat fragmentation generally constrains the dispersal of specialized rock-dwelling species, patterns of population structure vary in sympatric taxa due to species-specific traits. In the present study, we examine the phylogeographic and population genetic structure of Perissodus microlepis, a presumptively highly mobile scale-eating cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika with a lake-wide distribution in the rocky littoral zone and no obvious geographical colour variation. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of six populations in the southern end of the lake suggests isolation by distance along rocky shoreline. Across a large muddy bay, a phylogeographic break indicates that environmental barriers restrict gene flow even in this highly mobile species. Restricted dispersal across the bay is not necessarily a consequence of an intrinsic propensity to avoid sand, but may be connected with the association between P. microlepis and other rock-dwelling fish, which the scale-eaters mimic and intermingle in order to be able to approach other fish to rip off scales from their bodies.
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| 16. |
- Källersjö, M., et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of ITS rDNA as a complement to mitochondrial gene sequences for phylogenetic studies in freshwater mussels: an example using Unionidae from north-western Europe
- 2005
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In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 34:4, s. 415-424
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitochondrial inheritance in the Unionidae is complex since mitochondria can be inherited from both parents. An increased rate of recombination could lead to erroneous homology assessments, which could cause problems for phylogenetic reconstruction. For this reason we investigated the possibility of using a nuclear marker, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, for phylogenetic studies in the Unionidae, as a complement and comparison to two of the most widely used mitochondrial genes today. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) was sequenced from 72 specimens representing six of the seven species of Unionidae mussels occurring in NW Europe: Unio pictorum, U. tumidus, U. crassus, Anodonta anatina, A. cygnea and Pseudanodonta complanata. Sequences from Margaritifera margaritifera were used as an outgroup. The ITS sequences of all species were found to have low intragenomic and infraspecific variation. Compared to mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) they show an intermediate genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses produce tree topologies that are congruent with those resulting from analyses of the mitochondrial sequences. Likewise, an incongruence length difference (ILD) test showed no significant incongruence between data sets, indicating that if recombination has occurred it has not produced any conflicting patterns. Best-resolved and supported trees are obtained when gaps are treated as a fifth character state. A combined analysis of the three gene regions shows that Unio crassus and U. pictorum are more closely related than either to U. tumidus. Pseudanodonta is nested within Anodonta as sister taxon to A. cygnea. Advice on how to best preserve mussel material for DNA studies is provided.
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| 17. |
- Olsson, Urban, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Non-monophyly of the avian genus Seicercus (Aves : Sylviidae) revealed by mitochondrial DNA
- 2004
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In: Zoologica Scripta. - Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Systemat Zool, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 33:6, s. 501-510
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phylogeny of all species and nearly all subspecies of Seicercus and representatives of all subgenera in Phylloscopus was estimated based on two mitochondrial genes. According to the gene tree, and supported by non-molecular data, Seicercus belongs in three separate clades. Two of these include only taxa currently classified as Seicercus, while the third comprises S. xanthoschistos and P. occipitalis. These results suggest that both Seicercus and Phylloscopus are paraphyletic. The gene tree suggests two more cases of non-monophyly: (1) the 'S. burkii complex' is separated into two different clades, one of which also includes S. affinis and S. poliogenys; (2) two populations of S. affinis intermedius are more closely related to S. affinis ocularis than to a third population of intermedius. A recent proposal to split the 'S. burkii complex' into six species is corroborated, as is the recognition of the taxon cognitus as a colour morph of S. affinis intermedius. Our study also revealed unexpectedly large genetic divergences between three different populations of the monotypic S. poliogenys, indicating the presence of cryptic species. Our results underscore the importance of dense sampling at the specific and infraspecific levels in intrageneric phylogenetic studies.
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| 18. |
- Padial, José M., et al.
(author)
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Deciphering the products of evolution at the species level: the need for an integrative taxonomy
- 2009
-
In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 38:4, s. 431-447
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Progress in molecular techniques together with the incorporation of phylogenetic analyses of DNA into taxonomy have caused an increase in the number of species' discoveries in groups with morphological characters that are difficult to study or in those containing polytypic species. But some emerged criticisms plead for a taxonomic conservatism grounded either on the requirement of providing evidences of morphological distinctiveness or reproductive barriers to erect new species names. In a case study of taxonomic research on Neotropical frogs, we combine several lines of evidence (morphological characters, prezygotic reproductive isolation and phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA) to test the status of 15 nominal species and to assess the degree of agreement of the different lines of evidence. Our study reveals that morphology alone is not sufficient to uncover all species, as there is no other single line of evidence independently. Full congruence between lines of evidence is restricted to only four out of the 15 species. Five species show congruence of two lines of evidence, whereas the remaining six are supported by only one. The use of divergence in morphological characters seems to be the most conservative approach to delineate species boundaries because it does not allow the identification of some sibling reciprocally monophyletic species differing in their advertisement calls. The separate analysis of differences in advertisement calls (evidence of reproductive isolation) or of phylogenetic data alone also shows limitations, because they do not support some morphological species. Our study shows that only an integrative approach combining all sources of evidence provides the necessary feedback to evaluate the taxonomic status of existing species and to detect putative new ones. Furthermore, the application of integrative taxonomy enables the identification of hypotheses about the existence of species that will probably be rejected or changed, and those that can be expected to persist.
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| 19. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Five colour morphs and three new species of Gyptis (Hesionidae, Annelida) under a jetty in Edithburgh, South Australia
- 2009
-
In: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 1463-6409 .- 0300-3256. ; 38:1, s. 89-99
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report five different colour morphs of the hesionid polychaete genus Gyptis co-occurring in a small area in shallow water under Edithburgh jetty, South Australia. The five morphs cannot be separated using standard morphological features, but phylogenetic analyses of sequence data (COI and ITS1) unequivocally show that three species are present, introduced as Gyptis simpsonorum, new species, G. paucilineata, new species and G. polymorpha, new species. Gyptis simpsonorum has a speckled pigmentation pattern and G. paucilineata a few transverse lines on specific segments. Gyptis polymorpha is polymorphic with three different, distinct pigmentation patterns, either as dense transverse lines, as a thin longitudinal, mid-dorsal line, or as an uniformly dark dorsum. The speckled pigmentation likely represents the plesiomorphic condition, and G. propinqua is the closest known relative to these new species.
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| 20. |
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