| 11. |
- Joubin, Maxime, et al.
(författare)
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Animal slurry acidification: effects of slurry characteristics, use of different acids, slurry pH buffering : Student work
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acidification of slurry is one method to reduce ammonia emissions. Mainly implemented in Denmark, SAT use sulfuric acid to decrease the pH in in-house, in storage or in field system. Organic acids could be a good alternative to sulfuric acid to develop SATs for organic farming. Successive acidifications of slurry could be a solution to keep a stable pH and avoid ammonia emissions during all the period of storage.In Experiment 1, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and four organic acids were tested in order to compare efficiency and the economic aspects for cattle and pig slurry acidification. In experiment 2, the buffer system of 9 different slurries (4 from cattle, 3 from pig, and 2 filtrated slurry of each) were studied after several acidifications with sulfuric acid to pH 5.5 in order to quantify the acid consumption and to determine by modelling which slurry characteristics influenced the most this consumption of acid. For both experiments, the storage temperature was 20°C.For acid solutions with the same normality, organic acid and nitric acid were as efficient as sulfuric acid. However, results show, considering commercial concentrated acid proprieties, sulfuric acid was still the best option with a third to half of the consumption compared to other acids and acidification cost divided by 10 to compare with the use of organic acid. Acid consumption and acidification cost were highest for nitric acid. For organic acids, the acid consumption and acidification cost depends on slurry types and the target pH value. Furthermore, sulfuric acid and acetic acid had better ability to maintain the pH value below 6.4.In experiment 2, for all slurries, the pH cannot be stabilized by successive acidifications, possibly due to the degradation of organic matter by acid hydrolysis and probably aerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids. The total acid consumption depended on slurry characteristics and varied between 5.97 to 8.06 liters per m3 for cattle slurry and 6.7 to 10.7 for pig slurry.The best model variable to explain the quantity of acid needed for the first acidification depended on the target pH. The total amount of acid needed was explained by total nitrogen, total solids, total carbon: total nitrogen ratio and volatile solids. For the total amount of acid needed for all re-acidification, total nitrogen, ammonium concentration, total carbon and volatile solids were the best sub model variables. The latter was not correlated with the acid consumption for the first titration, even though models have common variables. That supposes slurry characteristics are modified by acidification.In conclusion, the use of organic acids was more expensive than the use of sulfuric acid. The pH can’t be stabilized by successive acid additions due to the organic matter degradation and modification of slurry characteristics which influence the acid consumption.
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| 12. |
- Kölln, Ann-Kristin, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Emancipated party members: Examining ideological incongruence within political parties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Party Politics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0688 .- 1460-3683. ; 23:1, s. 18-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Party members across European democracies exercise increasing influence on parties’ policy platforms or personnel choices. This article investigates ideological (in)congruence on the left–right spectrum between members and their parties by drawing on a party membership survey of more than 10,000 individuals across seven political parties in Sweden. The results show that around two-thirds of members are not perfectly congruent with their party. In a two-step analysis, the article argues that emancipated members, with higher political interest and with a more independent self-conception, are more comfortable being ideologically incongruent with their party. We also provide evidence that ideological incongruence matters for members’ exit, voice and loyalty behaviour. It is associated with a more negative evaluation of the party leader (voice) and with a higher probability to either vote for another party (loyalty) or even to leave the current one (exit). The findings indicate that ideological incongruence within parties is not a trivial matter, but is rather substantial in size with potentially important consequences for party competition.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Rolf, Bertil
(författare)
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Testing reasoning software. A Bayesian way
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is it possible to supply strong empirical evidence for or against the efficacy of reasoning software? There is a paradox concerning tests of reasoning software. On the one hand, acceptance of such software is slow although overwhelming arguments speak for the use of such software packages. There seems to be room for skepticism among decision makers and stakeholders concerning its efficacy. On the other hand, teachersdevelopers of such software (the present author being one of them) think the effects of such software are obvious. In this paper, I will show that both positions – skepticism vs. belief in efficacy – can be compatible with evidence. This is the case if (1) the testing methods differ, (2) the facilities of observation differ and (3) tests rely on contextual assumptions. In particular, I will show that developers of reasoning software can, in principle, know the efficacy of certain design solutions Other decision makers may, however, be unable to establish evidence for efficacy.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Hu, Xiaoming
(författare)
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Formation constrained multi-agent control
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on robotics and automation. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1042-296X. ; 17:6, s. 947-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a model independent coordination strategy for multi-agent formation control. The main theorem states that under a bounded tracking error assumption our method stabilizes the formation error. We illustrate the usefulness of the method by applying it to rigid body constrained motions.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for and consequences of positive valve cultures in patients who undergo cardiac surgery while receiving antimicrobial treatment for infective endocarditis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - 2374-4235. ; 56:3, s. 244-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionCardiac surgery is required in up to half of the patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Positive valve cultures have been associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The aims were to identify risk factors for positive valve cultures and its relation to outcome.MethodsPatients subjected to heart valve cultures due to surgery for IE in Skåne University Hospital, Lund, between 2012 and 2021 were identified through microbiology records. Risk factors for positive valve cultures and information on mortality and relapse were retrieved through medical records. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.ResultsA total of 345 episodes with IE in 337 patients subjected to cardiac surgery were included and valve cultures were positive in 78 (23%) episodes. In multivariable logistic regression, preoperative fever (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–5.6, p = 0.02), prosthetic heart valve (AOR 3.3, CI 1.4–7.9, p = 0.01), a single affected valve (AOR 4.8, CI 1.2–20, p = 0.03), blood culture findings of S. aureus, enterococci, or coagulase negative staphylococci compared to viridans streptococci (AOR 20–48, p < 0.001), and a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment (p < 0.001), were associated to positive valve culture. One-year mortality was 13% and a relapse was identified in 2.5% of episodes. No association between positive valve cultures and one-year mortality or relapse was identified.ConclusionsPositive valve cultures were associated to short preoperative antibiotic treatment, IE caused by staphylococci, preoperative fever and prosthetic valve but not to relapse or mortality.
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| 19. |
- Jörgren, F., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of rectal washout for the oncological outcome after Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer : analysis of population-based data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Techniques in Coloproctology. - : Springer. - 1123-6337 .- 1128-045X. ; 21:5, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During rectal cancer surgery the bowel may contain viable, exfoliated cancer cells, a potential source for local recurrence (LR). The amount and viability of these cells can be reduced using intraoperative rectal washout, a procedure that reduces the LR risk after anterior resection. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of washout on oncological outcome when performed in Hartmann's procedure (HP) for rectal cancer. A national cohort study on data for patients registered from 1995 to 2007 in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry was carried out. The final analysis included patients belonging to TNM stages I-III who had undergone R0 HP with a registered 5-year follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed. A total of 1188 patients were analysed (686 washout and 502 no washout). No differences were detected between the washout group and the no washout group concerning rates of LR [7% (49/686) vs. 10% (49/502); p = 0.13], distant metastasis (DM) [17% (119/686) vs. 18% (93/502); p = 0.65], and overall recurrence (OAR) [21% (145/686) vs. 24% (120/502); p = 0.29]. For both groups, the 5-year cancer-specific survival was below 50%. In multivariate analysis, washout neither decreased the risk of LR, DM, or OAR nor increased overall or the cancer-specific 5-year survival. The oncological outcome did not improve when washout was performed in HP for rectal cancer.
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| 20. |
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