| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Beets, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Variation in a Dendritic Scaffold Protein Remodels Experience-Dependent Plasticity by Altering Neuropeptide Expression
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 105:1, s. 106-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which behavior is shaped by experience varies between individuals. Genetic differences contribute to this variation, but the neural mechanisms are not understood. Here, we dissect natural variation in the behavioral flexibility of two Caenorhabditis elegans wild strains. In one strain, a memory of exposure to 21% O2 suppresses CO2-evoked locomotory arousal; in the other, CO2 evokes arousal regardless of previous O2 experience. We map that variation to a polymorphic dendritic scaffold protein, ARCP-1, expressed in sensory neurons. ARCP-1 binds the Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase PDE-1 and co-localizes PDE-1 with molecular sensors for CO2 at dendritic ends. Reducing ARCP-1 or PDE-1 activity promotes CO2 escape by altering neuropeptide expression in the BAG CO2 sensors. Variation in ARCP-1 alters behavioral plasticity in multiple paradigms. Our findings are reminiscent of genetic accommodation, an evolutionary process by which phenotypic flexibility in response to environmental variation is reset by genetic change.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergmann, O., et al.
(författare)
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The Age of Olfactory Bulb Neurons in Humans
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 74:4, s. 634-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous turnover of neurons in the olfactory bulb is implicated in several key aspects of olfaction. There is a dramatic decline postnatally in the number of migratory neuroblasts en route to the olfactory bulb in humans, and it has been unclear to what extent the small number of neuroblasts at later stages contributes new neurons to the olfactory bulb. We have assessed the age of olfactory bulb neurons in humans by measuring the levels of nuclear bomb test-derived C-14 in genomic DNA. We report that C-14 concentrations correspond to the atmospheric levels at the time of birth of the individuals, establishing that there is very limited, if any, postnatal neurogenesis in the human olfactory bulb. This identifies a fundamental difference in the plasticity of the human brain compared to other mammals.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brincat, Scott L., et al.
(författare)
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Interhemispheric transfer of working memories
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 109:6, s. 1055-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual working memory (WM) storage is largely independent between the left and right visual hemifields/cerebral hemispheres, yet somehow WM feels seamless. We studied how WM is integrated across hemifields by recording neural activity bilaterally from lateral prefrontal cortex. An instructed saccade during the WM delay shifted the remembered location from one hemifield to the other. Before the shift, spike rates and oscillatory power showed clear signatures of memory laterality. After the shift, the lateralization inverted, consistent with transfer of the memory trace from one hemisphere to the other. Transferred traces initially used different neural ensembles from feedforward-induced ones, but they converged at the end of the delay. Around the time of transfer, synchrony between the two prefrontal hemispheres peaked in theta and beta frequencies, with a directionality consistent with memory trace transfer. This illustrates how dynamics between the two cortical hemispheres can stitch together WM traces across visual hemifields.
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| 18. |
- Broomand, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Large-Scale Movement within the Voltage-Sensor Paddle of a Potassium Channel-Support for a Helical-Screw Motion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 59:5, s. 770-777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The size of the movement and the molecular identity of the moving parts of the voltage sensor of a voltage-gated ion channel are debated. In the helical-screw model, the positively charged fourth transmembrane segment S4 slides and rotates along negative counter charges in S2 and S3, while in the paddle model, S4 carries the extracellular part of S3 (S3b) as a cargo. Here, we show that S4 slides 16-26 Å along S3b. We introduced pairs of cysteines in S4 and S3b of the Shaker K channel to make disulfide bonds. Residue 325 in S3b makes close and state-dependent contacts with a long stretch of residues in S4. A disulfide bond between 325 and 360 was formed in the closed state, while a bond between 325 and 366 was formed in the open state. These data are not compatible with the voltage-sensor paddle model, but support the helical-screw model. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Bulovaite, Edita, et al.
(författare)
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A brain atlas of synapse protein lifetime across the mouse lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 110:24, s. 4057-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime of proteins in synapses is important for their signaling, maintenance, and remodeling, and for memory duration. We quantified the lifetime of endogenous PSD95, an abundant postsynaptic protein in excitatory synapses, at single-synapse resolution across the mouse brain and lifespan, generating the Protein Lifetime Synaptome Atlas. Excitatory synapses have a wide range of PSD95 lifetimes extending from hours to several months, with distinct spatial distributions in dendrites, neurons, and brain regions. Synapses with short protein lifetimes are enriched in young animals and in brain regions controlling innate behaviors, whereas synapses with long protein lifetimes accumulate during development, are enriched in the cortex and CA1 where memories are stored, and are preferentially preserved in old age. Synapse protein lifetime increases throughout the brain in a mouse model of autism and schizophrenia. Protein lifetime adds a further layer to synapse diversity and enriches prevailing concepts in brain development, aging, and disease.
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| 20. |
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