| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Late mortality in severe depression
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 103:2, s. 111-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess late mortality among psychiatric in-patients with severe depression/melancholia.METHOD: 1,206 in-patients rated at discharge on a multidimensional diagnostic schedule had received the diagnosis severe depression/ melancholia between 1956 and 1969. A first follow-up was made in 1984. The present follow-up constitutes 675 survivors 15-42 years after the first admission. They were followed-up by means of the general population register and local parish registers to January 1st 1998.RESULTS: At this second follow-up another 279 patients were deceased, standardized mortality ratio 1.3, indicating a continuous increased mortality late in the course of depression. Eleven suicides (4%) were included, eight men and three women, which was less than the 22% found in the first investigation. Male patients showed a higher suicide rate than female patients late in the course.CONCLUSION: The general mortality and suicide rate remain increased late in the course.
|
|
| 13. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term suicide risk of depression in the Lundby cohort 1947-1997 - severity and gender.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 117:3, s. 185-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The long-term suicide risk of depression was evaluated in a community sample by severity and gender. Method: The Lundby study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study on a population consisting of 3563 subjects. In 1947-1997 medium or severe depression according to the Lundby diagnostic system were registered in 503 subjects. The same subjects were also diagnosed according to DSM-IV showing major depressive disorder (MDD) in 293 and depressive disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) in 131 subjects. Results: The overall long-term suicide risk varied from 5.6% to 6.8%. The long-term suicide risk was 3.1% for medium and 11.4% for severe 'Lundby depression', 3.7% for medium and 13.8% for severe MDD + DDNOS, 3.1% for medium and 13.7% for severe MDD. Severity and male sex were risk factors for suicide. Conclusion: Males with a severe depression showed a high long-term risk for suicide, around 20%.
|
|
| 14. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
-
Seasonal distribution of suicide in alcoholism.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 106:4, s. 299-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brådvik L, Berglund M. Seasonal distribution of suicide in alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002: 106: 299-302. Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard 2002. Objective: To investigate the seasonal distribution of suicide in alcohol dependence and to make a comparison with unnatural death in alcoholism and suicide in other diagnostic groups. Method: Multiaxial ratings of all patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry in Lund enabled the selection of patients with alcohol dependence (n=1312) during 1949-1969. When followed up to 1997 a total of 102 (99 men) alcoholic patients had taken their own life. Reference groups were patients with severe depression and autopsy cases with other diagnoses. Results: The alcoholic patients showed a peak during the second quarter of the year (34%, P < 0.05). Other diagnostic groups of suicide and unnatural death in alcoholism did not show any overrepresentation in the spring. Conclusion: Male alcoholics showed a spring peak of suicide as opposed to other diagnostic groups.
|
|
| 15. |
- Carlsson, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropsychological functions predict 1-and 3-year outcome in first-episode psychosis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 113:2, s. 102-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine neuropsychological performance as a possible predictor of course and outcome in first-episode psychotic (FEP) patients. Method: A group of consecutive FEP patients (n = 120) tested with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales-Revised (WAIS-R) at baseline was compared with a healthy group (n = 30) matched for age, education and gender. Relationship between WAIS-R and both Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Global Assessment of Function (GAF) ratings were studied at baseline and at 1- and 3-year follow-ups. Results: The performance of FEP patients was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of healthy comparison subjects on all WAIS-R subtests except for Information and Comprehension. The WAIS-R scores of patients with schizophrenia syndromes (DSM-IV) were lower than those of patients with non-schizophrenia syndromes on Block Design. Low WAIS-R Full-Scale IQ scores in FEP patients predicted the presence of negative symptoms at 1-year follow-up and of low GAF ratings at 3-year follow-up. Conclusion: Neurocognitive performance at admission appears to predict various aspects of functional outcome in FEP.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationships between characteristics of the ward atmosphere and treatment outcome in a psychiatric day-care unit based on occupational therapy
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 95:4, s. 329-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationships between characteristics of the ward atmosphere and treatment outcome in a psychiatric day-care unit were investigated. The treatment programme was based on occupational group therapy and included long-term mentally ill patients, equally distributed with regard to psychosis and non-psychosis diagnoses. The ward atmosphere was rated on the Community-Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES), and outcome variables concerned symptoms, global mental health, quality of life, and functioning in daily life. The COPES ratings were re-coded in order to control for the fact that different levels of ward atmosphere factors are recommended for psychotic and non-psychotic patients. The results revealed that an optimal initial level of anger and aggression in treatment was significantly associated with improvement in global mental health and functioning in everyday life. Initial optimal levels of staff control and practical orientation were significantly associated with improvement in psychiatric symptoms. The characteristics of the ward atmosphere at the end of the treatment period were significantly correlated with various aspects of functioning in daily life. The study demonstrated associations with outcome variables not previously linked with ward atmosphere characteristics, e.g. functioning in daily life and quality of life.
|
|
| 18. |
- Fribergh, H, et al.
(författare)
-
The Meta-Contrast Technique : a projective test predicting suicide
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 86:6, s. 7-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-nine inpatients who had attempted suicide were studied by means of the Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT), a projective test measuring personality factors, especially defensive strategies. The patients were divided into 3 subgroups, one of which was defined as stereotypy only, which denotes stereotypy (perceptual retardation) without any other coded defenses. At follow-up 7 of 8 completed suicides belonged to this subgroup and they matched various main diagnoses according to DSM-III-R. When the MCT findings of all patients were compared with 99 depressed inpatients from a previous study, the latter group more often had mature defensive strategies. In both investigations most completed suicides were found in the stereotypy only group. Our findings indicate that, regardless of psychiatric diagnosis, stereotypy without other defenses in MCT predicts suicide.
|
|
| 19. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Are important patient-rated outcomes in community mental health care explained by only one factor?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 116:2, s. 113-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The study tested whether four commonly used patient-rated outcomes are explained by only one factor, reflecting a general appraisal tendency of patients. Method: Quality of life, needs and symptoms were rated by 92 patients in community mental health care at baseline and after 18 months and 6 years follow-up periods. At follow ups treatment satisfaction was also assessed. Scores and change scores were subjected to factor analyses. We then tested which individual items predicted factor scores. Results: One factor explained between 55% and 66% of the variance of the tested patient-rated outcomes cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Only change scores of treatment satisfaction loaded on a separate factor. Seven items consistently explained more than 80% of the variance of the general factor. Conclusion: Four important patient-rated outcomes are uniformly and substantially influenced by a general tendency for positive or negative appraisals. This tendency can be assessed more simply than using currently established methods.
|
|
| 20. |
- Hansson, Lars
(författare)
-
Determinants of quality of life in people with severe mental illness
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 113:Suppl. 429, s. 46-50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this article was to review some methodological issues in this field and give an overview of empirical research findings with a special focus on factors associated with or affecting subjective quality of life in people with a severe mental illness. Method: A selective review of relevant scientific literature on quality of life in severe mental illness was conducted. Results: Subjective quality of life in people with a severe mental illness is only to a lesser extent related to external life conditions. Major determinants are psychopathology, especially symptoms of depression and anxiety, and aspects of the social network. Personality related factors such as self-esteem are also influential. Comparative studies have further shown that patients in community care settings have a better subjective quality of life than patients in hospital settings. Conclusion: Efforts to improve subjective quality of life in people with severe mental illness should include a careful monitoring of depressive of and anxiety symptoms, and pay particular attention to assessment. and interventions against unmet needs. Further, such interventions should stress a strengthening of the social support of the clients. It is also important to pay attention to mediators of changes in subjective quality of life such as self-esteem, mastery, autonomy, and self-efficacy.
|
|
