| 11. |
- Boersma, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating a comorbid pattern of ill-health among late adolescents in relation to transdiagnostic processes : a prospective community study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 5:11, s. 1835-1847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in anxiety, depressed mood and sleep problems has been observed among adolescents. These symptoms have high rates of comorbidity and shared psychological processes have been proposed as maintaining factors. This study examined the occurrence and development of individual profiles of depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleeps problems and investigated them in relation to catastrophic thinking and cognitive avoidance. We used longitudinal data from a community sample of 379 senior high school students at two time points, one year apart. Five clusters were identified: a low scores cluster, a sleep problems cluster, a comorbidity cluster (high on all variables), a low mood cluster and a cluster with elevation on anxiety and depressed mood (“distress”). In general, the clusters showed stability across time. However, for the low mood and “distress” cluster, there was also an increased odds of developing sleep problems. The comorbidity and the “distress” cluster displayed the highest levels of catastrophic thinking. In conclusion, symptom patterns differed among adolescents and were stable over time. Anxiety and/or depressive symptoms were a risk factor for the development of sleep problems. Symptom constellations were related to differences in catastrophic thinking and cognitive avoidance and this may explain maintenance and exacerbation of problems over time.
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| 12. |
- Bortes, Cristian, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - United States : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:3, s. 289-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with this study is to report a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed a printed information material about alcohol in pregnancy, aiming to reach pregnant women before their first visit at a prenatal clinic. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2004 and 2005 to measure if the material had an effect. A total of 564 pregnant women are included in the study, between 17 and 46 years of age. Differences between intervention and control group were analyzed with cross-tabulations and chi-squared-tests. A logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine predictors of abstention from alcohol at the first prenatal visit. Findings show that significantly more women who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol then those who did not receive the material (92% vs. 82%, p=.005). It is 2.6 times more likely that those who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol since pregnancy recognition at their first prenatal visit compared with those who did not receive it (OR=2,6, CI 1,3-5,1, p=. 005). The information brochure developed by WOCAD can be used in antenatal care to get more women to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.
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| 13. |
- Boström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting sense of security in old-age care
- 2013
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Ingår i: Health. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 5:6A2, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The concept of security is related to the experience of health but has ever so often been argued from a risk perspective rather than from a promotional perspective. The experience of older persons’ sense of security in private homes and in nursing homes seems to be missing when it comes to promote aging well throughout the life span. This study aimed to describe and analyze factors related to the sense of security of older persons receiving care in nursing homes in Sweden. Design and Methods: The study was based on a questionnaire from a total of 495 persons aged ≥ 65 in private homes (n = 350) or nursing homes (n = 145) in Sweden. Results: Secure relationships, sense of control, and perceived health were significantly related to the subjects’ sense of security. No significant relationships were found between sense of security and having a personal emergency response alarm. Implications: Experience of sense of security from the older person perspective differs depending on the context. To promote the sense of security within the care of older persons, methods on how to establish secure relations as well as the sense of control and knowledge need to be further tested, developed and analyzed together with older persons.
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| 14. |
- Carlerby, Heidi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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How discrimination and participation are associated with psychosomatic problems among boys and girls in northern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 4:10, s. 866-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Negative impact on health from school disturbance due to asymmetric power relations such as discrimination and offensive treatment are frequent problems among students. This study sought to analyze associations between occurrence of discrimination at school, participation and psychosomatic problems. Methods: Pupils in grades 6–9 in ten schools in a northern Swedish municipality participated in the study. The frequency of discrimination at school was measured by six items: sex; culture or ethnicity; disability; religion beliefs; sexual preferences; and any other form of discrimination. The Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) was used for an estimation of the level of participation. The pupils’ health was measured by the PsychoSomatic Problem (PSP) scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for estimation of increased risk of PSP. The formula Z=d/s (d)was used to test mediation. Results: Two thirds of the boys and three fourths of the girls reported occurrences of discrimination at schools (p = 0.001). Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP among boys and girls as the mediating formula Z=d/s (d) was > + 2 SD, –2.59 for boys and –39.27 for girls. Independent of each other, low participation and discrimination were associated with increased risk of PSP. Conclusion: Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP. The mediating effectwas stronger in girls than in boys. There is a need for school health promotion programsfocusing on participation in terms of democratic processes, communication and cooperation in the classroom.
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| 15. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Do functional problem and livelihood disturbances in and around home trigger injuries?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Health. - China : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-5005 .- 1949-4998. ; 6, s. 1085-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study has tried to identify whether poor self-rated health and home and neighbourhood environmental problems trigger injuries. The study used data from the Life & Health year 2008 survey, a postal questionnaire administered by Statistics Sweden in five administrative regions in central Sweden (Uppsala, Södermanland, Örebro, Varmland and Västmanland). A random sample of 1,060,032 respondents aged 18 - 79 years had participated in the study. Örebro and Varmland re- gion had the highest proportions of injuries. People at their age between 18 to 24 years—males—tobacco and alcohol addicted had the highest proportions of injuries. Environmental factors such as disturbances in and around home had emerged as major triggering factors for injuries. Physical functional problems such as problem of buying own food, cooking, dressing-up and walking had been emerged as very strong predicting factors of injuries. Policy makers in Sweden could identify the poor neighborhood, disturbing living condition through the housing companies and the cooperative housing societies to control injuries and promote safety.
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| 16. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of injuries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7, s. 487-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic burdens of injuries at the country level are unknown. In the current study we tried to explore the economic burden of DALYs loss due to injuries at the country level, then distributed according to the World Bank’s income groups. Methods: Data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization websites were used. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were used to estimate the economic loss for RTIs. Estimates of economic burdens were presented in tables and figures.Results: The total economic loss of the world during 2004 by means of DALYs due to injuries was 613. 144 billion USD, corresponding value of 848.205 billion USD in 2014. DALYs burden of injuries were concentrated (almost 75%) among low and lower middle income countries. Economic burdens of injuries were concentrated (over 80%) among higher middle and high income countries. Iraq had lost almost one-fifth of its GDP due to injuries. The USA had the highest amount of economic loss for injuries (169.136 billion USD) among all countries.Conclusion: Injuries are highly expensive and they account for heavy losses to GDP. Injury prevention should be prioritized in order to save such losses to life and economies.
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| 17. |
- Edvardsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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The social environment is most important for not using snus or smoking among adolescents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 4:12, s. 1247-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To identify factors, which were related to being smoke-free and snus-free, respectively, among adolescents in relation to adolescents who were smoking and/or using snus, and de-termine if there were any sex differences. Me- thods: A questionnaire study was performed among students in year two in upper secondary schools (17-years-old) in southern Sweden in 2009. More than 2200 students completed the questionnaire regarding health and living habits anonymously. The variables were tested by χ²-test, before selection into the logistic model. Because of the salutogenic approach in the study, the results of the logistic regression analyses were expressed as Positive Odds Ratio (POR). Results: The prevalence of being smoke- free was 75.6 percent for girls and 70.2 percent for boys, whilst the prevalence of being snus- free was 95.1 percent for girls and 70.2 percent for boys. Having a tobacco-free best friend was the most important factor that correlated with being smoke- and snus-free as an adolescent, for both boys and girls. Good living habits, such as drinking less alcohol, were also central to being smoke-free and snus-free. Conclusions: The results show that a tobacco-free environ-ment has a great influence on whether or not adolescents stay tobacco-free. As the environ-ment has a big impact, the school has a big challenge to work with the school environment and policies but also with family responsibility, norms and attitudes to tobacco.
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| 18. |
- Enmarker, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Personalities and health in older cat and dog owners : A HUNT-study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1363-4593 .- 1461-7196 .- 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 5:9, s. 1449-1454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this population study was to identify personality traits among older (>65 years) male and female owners of cats and dogs and to compare their general health status in relation to their personality. Further, the aim was to examine whether current cat and dog ownership could be predicted by the owners’ personality and health. Data were collected from the NorthTrøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway. Included were a total of 1897 cat or dog owners between the ages of 65 years and 101 years. The results showed that there were a higher proportion of introverted male cat owners than extraverted ones. Moreover, a majority of women with cats reported that their health was not good. Furthermore, female cat owners who displayed higher scores on neurotic traits experienced significantly poorer health compared to those female cat owners that experienced good health. The same was true for female cat owners who considered themselves to be introverted. Neither personality nor health could predict pet-ownership, but it was more likely for older individuals (80 - 101 years) to own a cat than a dog. This study has shown that human personality is associated with cat and dog ownership, but there are other factors connected with pet ownership as well.
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| 19. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden : Who are the participants?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:9, s. 1158-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school activities. Multicultural, socially deprived suburbs have less youth participation in organized leisure-time activities. This study explores who the participants are at two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden and whether socio-demographic, health-related, and leisure-time factors affect the targeted participation. Methods: The study can be seen as an explanatory mixed-methods study where qualitative data help explain initial quantitative results. The included data are a survey with youth (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff, and six focus-groups interviews with young people at two youth-centers in two different cities. Results and Conclusions: The participants in the youth-centers are Swedish born youths having foreign-born parents who live with both parents, often in crowded apartments with many siblings. Moreover they feel healthy, enjoy school and have good contact with their parents. It seems that strategies for recruiting youths to youth-centers have a large impact on who participates. One way to succeed in having a more equal gender and ethnicity distribution is to offer youth activities that are a natural step forward from children’s activities. The youth-centers’ proximity is also of importance for participation, in these types of neighborhoods.
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| 20. |
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