| 11. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Switching the focus from product function to business profit: Introducing Business Model LCA (BM-LCA)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of LCM 2021. - : EDP Sciences. ; 349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have seen much interest in business models as vehicles towards sustainability, cf. [1]. Conventional LCA, however, fails to properly capture the environmental impacts of a business model. Here, we introduce the background and the principles of Business Model LCA, a new LCA methodology for the assessment of environmental performance of business models. Methodological innovations are based on an understanding of the difference and relatedness between product and business. The key innovation is that BM-LCA centres its analysis on the ’business model’ instead of the ’product function’ as in conventional LCA. This requires the functional unit to represent the business (e.g., as ‘profit per time unit’) and the need to couple the monetary flows of the business to the material and energy flows of the product system via a set of ’coupling’ equations. BM-LCA contributes to environmental business analysis and could open up a new avenue of research where LCA and business analysts collaborate on business model innovation for sustainability.
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| 12. |
- Beltran, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Solar Heat Pumps and Self-Consumption Can (and should) electricity suppliers encourage thermal storage?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 BuildSim Nordic, BSN 2022. - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat pumps and water tanks can be used to increase PV self-consumption in buildings without any additional equipment, but there is sometimes a lack of economic incentives to maximize it that limits economic gains. Therefore, pricing conditions need to change in order to make self-consumption strategies more interesting for prosumers. This study aims at determining what, if any, unsubsidized market conditions could lead to economically motivated self-consumption control strategies with solar heat pumps. A sensitivity analysis is used on multiple pricing models based on current market conditions for a solar PV and ground source heat pump system for a single-family house in Norrköping, Sweden. The results show that control strategies aimed at maximizing self-consumption have very little impact on net costs, regardless of pricing model or variation in price. Feed-in-bonus is the most important aspect when comparing different pricing schemes, and no other sensitivity comes close.
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| 13. |
- Björk, Folke, et al.
(författare)
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Electroosmosis - A method applied for handling of moisture in foundations
- 2020
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. Volyme 172, 2020. - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electroosmosis is an electrokinetic phenomena which is applied in some technical fields. It is also applied large scale for transport of moisture out of basements. We see the method of electroosmosis as an opportunity for solving moisture problems in basements. However, there is a need to develop both the technology for the method and the understanding about what to expect out of it. Better methods are needed to predict whether the method will work in a particular case. © The Authors.
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| 14. |
- Bok, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial growth behind tiles in bathrooms
- 2020
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. Vollyme 172, 2020.. - : EDP Sciences.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies investigating microbial diversity in buildings have been performed mainly through the study of dust collected from e. g. floors and door frames and on moisture damaged building materials. A great diversity of mould fungi has been found and the fungus flora is dominated by the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. The building materials targeted in this specific study were sampled on the back of ceramic tiles from bathroom walls and floors. Furthermore, two different analyses were used to investigate to which degree this specific environment was supportive of microbial growth. Microbial findings were detected in 48 % of the specimens from the spots exposed to liquid water in the bathrooms. To our knowledge, the microbial occurrence in this type of environment has not previously been investigated.. © The Authors.
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| 15. |
- Bose, A., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid renewable power systems for generation of own power by small and medium-scale enterprises
- 2018
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decentralized power generation, from renewables, is an attractive option for the future energy transition. Through a case study, the techno-economic feasibility to produce own power from distributed renewable to de-carbonize the operations of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) was critically analysed. The case study was performed on one of the leading printing outfits of Sri Lanka. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and biomass gasification systems are the most cost-efficient and easy to operate technologies for grid-connected, small-scale power generation, at present, for the context. Grid integration has been found as a major challenge, in both technical and economic parameters of the project. The low capacity factor of solar PV and complexity of the supply chain for biomass power systems are critical to the respective technologies. A hybrid Solar PV-Biomass gasification power plant would have superior techno-economic performances with lower environmental impact than stand-alone systems. An equal share of the net power capacity between the technologies was obtained as the most suitable combination for the proposed hybrid power plant. A net carbon dioxide reduction of more than eighty percent of the operations of the SMEs is feasible. Socio-political factors also have a high impact on overall viability of such small-scale systems.
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| 16. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Green and circular procurement in public organizations – from single use to reuse and prolonged lifetime in the City of Malmö
- 2022
-
Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242. ; 349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The procurement in public organisations has traditionally been performed in a linear way. Using circular solutions could help public organisations to save resources and tackle climate change. The Swedish City of Malmö strives to include circular solutions and become a circular municipality. The goal of the study was to explore activities for increased reuse and visualise how circular material flows can reduce environmental impacts. The goal was also to develop a method for mapping material flows that can be used in the City of Malmö and other public organisations. The studied activities included in this study are the reuse of furniture and replacement of single use plastic with reuse alternatives, as well as prolonged lifetime of IT products and textiles. Life cycle analysis (LCA) based methods were used to estimate the reduction in environmental impact from the studied activities. The perception of circular activities within the City of Malmö was analysed with a survey. The results showed that the purchasing agreements with increased lifetime for clothing and IT products, lead to reduced environmental impacts. The results also showed that most employees are interested in using a digital sharing platform. Additionally, the results pointed out the need for a circular manager.
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| 17. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The connected, sustainable and inclusive society : IoT implementation in a Swedish municipality
- 2022
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Ingår i: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. ; 349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to transform the way we live, work, and learn. Using IoT could thus be a game-changer for municipalities towards sustainability. The Swedish municipality of Södertälje strives to develop IoT concepts and use open data for a sustainable and inclusive society. The goal of this study was to explore how IoT can enable route optimization and placement planning for increased operational efficiency. The goal was also to enhance the knowledge of the environmental and social benefits of IoT systems in the waste collection system in Södertälje. The analysis is based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and interviews. The results show a minor climate change impact for the IoT solutions in the overall smart waste collection system. The major climate impact contributor was instead associated with the trash bags used. Additionally, the study showed that the performance of the system relies on smart planning of the operations and the transportations.
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| 18. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The use of green roofs to improve wooden buildings for a future bioeconomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of LCM 2021: 10<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Life Cycle Management. - : EDP Sciences. ; 349, s. 04014-04014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioeconomy helps to move towards a renewable, fossil-free future. The environmental impact is significantly reduced when replacing fossil-based products with bio-based alternatives. In a bioeconomy, all products are made from renewable and biogenic resources. In the building sector examples for biogenic sources are traditionally wooden building structures, while green roofs are becoming more popular. The goal of the present project was to assess the amount of biogenic carbon stored in green roofs and wooden buildings overall. The question is whether green roofs are improving the biogenic carbon usage of buildings and find out how that can be improved. The methods used are based on construction modelling, life cycle assessment and standardised environmental product declaration (EPD). The results indicate that wooden building structures are not enough for a complete biogenic building to move to a renewable, fossil-free future. Furthermore, the green roofs do add more biogenic carbon to the building than conventional roofs, while seen over the whole building these benefits are negligible. The results are presented as renewable and nonrenewable energy as well as biogenic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. These are compared with conventional roofing based on non-renewable standard roofs in Sweden.
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| 19. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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User centred design and energy efficient packaging collection infrastructure supporting circular future lifestyles
- 2022
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Ingår i: E3S Web Conf.. - : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The collection and recycling of packaging and life cycle assessments have traditionally been developed from a technical perspective, not including the actors in the chain. How recycling should be done depends on who you ask, and whether you look at the issue from an energy, material, legal or user perspective. FTI, the Packaging and Newspaper Collection organization is responsible for better circularity and collecting these fractions in Sweden’s municipalities. When recyclable materials end up in the wrong place, it causes problems leading to increased energy use in the life cycle. The ongoing project Tjårven, aims to reduce energy use in connection with packaging collection, as well as potential energy gains in the second stage of the packaging life cycle, by redesigning packaging collection from a user centred perspective. To do this, design interventions are developed based on observed and self-reported user behaviour, a literature review of state-of-the-art collection infrastructure and an understanding of the system developed using actor-based LCA methodology. The latter methodology is used to show the energy use in the lifecycle, including the actions of the actors in the chain. The interventions developed will be tested through a case study that will be evaluated to see if it helps to achieve more energy efficient collection infrastructure, allowing for better circularity and therefore more sustainable future lifestyles. The present article presents the first part of the project, summarizing the results from the user centred observations, literature review and initial actor-based LCA model.
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| 20. |
- Burke, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of domestic hot water circulation losses in buildings – results from 134 measurements
- 2020
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Ingår i: 12th Nordic Symposium on Building Physics (NSB 2020). - : EDP Sciences. ; 172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hot water circulation system in a building is a system which helps prevent Legionella problems whilst ensuring that tenants have access to hot water quickly. Poorly designed or implemented systems not only increase the risk to people’s health and thermal comfort, but even result in an increase in the energy needed for this system to function properly. Results from previous studies showed that the total hot water circulation system loss can be as high as 25 kWh/m2 heated floor area per year. The purpose of this project is to measure the total energy use per year of the hot water circulation system in about 200 multifamily dwellings of different ages to verify that a system loss of 4 kWh/m2, year is a realistic assumption for both newer and older/retrofitted buildings. The preliminary results from the first 134 measurements showed that the assumption of 4 kWh/m2, year is rarely fulfilled. An average energy use of more than three times this is more common, even in newer buildings. Whilst some of the total energy lost is used to heat the buildings, it is not desirable because it is an uncontrolled energy flow.
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