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| 15. |
- Mattisson, Tobias, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative oxygen carriers uplifting chemical-looping combustion,Chemical-looping combustion, natural gas, integrated project, oxygen carrier development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 63, s. 113-130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the main results of the EU-financed project INNOCUOUS (Innovative Oxygen Carriers Uplifting Chemical-Looping Combustion). The project follows a series of successful projects with the aim of developing chemical-looping combustion (CLC) with gaseous fuels rich in methane. The project has included a wide range of experimental and modelling tasks, which included i) extensive screening of spray-dried and impregnated oxygen carriers, ii) production of impregnated and spray-dried oxygen carriers at >100 kg scale, iii) operation of several oxygen carriers at industrial conditions up to 120 kW scale and iv) techno-economic study of the next-scale CLC. One area of focus in the project has been the search for viable oxygen carriers which have low or no Ni. A large portfolio of interesting metal oxide systems has been found. Two oxygen carriers of CaMnxTiyMg1-x-yO3 were successfully produced in larger amounts by spray-drying and an oxygen carrier of Fe2O3/Al2O3 was produced in similar quantity using impregnation. The Ca-based material showed excellent behavior in a 10 kW and 120 kW unit, where complete combustion was achieved. With respect to the aim of replacing the bench-mark Ni-based material the project was thus very successful, as complete combustion has never been achieved in these units using Ni-based material.
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| 16. |
- Mendiara, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Presence of Siloxanes in Biogas Chemical Looping Combustion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 35:18, s. 14984-14994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Siloxanes are a group of Si-based impurities, common in biogas. Although normally present in relatively small amounts, their presence could be highly problematic, as the generated Si could be a precursor to abrasion and wear in downstream components. In this work, the siloxane effect in biogas chemical looping combustion (CLC) was evaluated. CLC of biogas could be an efficient way of achieving CO2 negative emissions. Two oxygen carriers (CuO-based and Fe2O3-based residue) were used in the combustion of a simulated biogas stream in a batch fluidized bed reactor. Here one of the most common siloxane compounds (hexamethyldisiloxane, L2) was utilized together with methane, the most common combustible component in biogas. The siloxane decomposed in the batch reactor, forming gaseous compounds and Si-based particles. The gaseous compounds formed (mainly CO, H2, CH4, and C2) were able to react with the oxygen carrier, whereas the Si originating from the siloxane interacted with the oxygen carrier particles. Elemental analyses of samples obtained from the reactor bed after combustion experiments revealed that significant amounts of Si from siloxane could be found in the oxygen carrier. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the same samples showed that silica in the oxygen carrier was mainly found at the surface of the particles and in the form of SiO2 or silicates/aluminosilicates. The XPS results were in agreement with a theoretical thermodynamic analysis performed to determine the possible stable Si-based species that may be formed. Although the deposition/formation of silica compounds in the oxygen carrier may lead to the agglomeration of particles, such a phenomenon was not observed in the present work.
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| 17. |
- Penthor, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The EU-FP7 Project SUCCESS - Scale-up of Oxygen Carrier for Chemical Looping Combustion using Environmentally Sustainable Materials
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 114, s. 395-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper gives a high level overview of the work performed in the EU-FP7 funded project SUCCESS (Scale-up of oxygen carrier for chemical looping combustion using environmentally sustainable materials). The project is the most recent one in a series of successful EU-funded research projects on the chemical looping combustion (CLC) technology. Its main objective is to perform the necessary research in order to demonstrate the CLC technology in the range of 10 MW fuel power input. The main focus is on scale-up of production of two different oxygen carrier materials using large scale equipment and industrially available raw materials. This will guarantee availability of oxygen carrier material at tonne scale. The scale-up of the two materials, a Cu and a Mn based, was successful and first tests with the Cu material have already been performed in four different pilot units up to 150 kW where the material showed excellent performance regarding fuel conversion. In addition to technology scale-up, extensive end-user evaluation is performed. This evaluation includes investigations on health, security and environmental impacts (HSE), a life cycle analysis and a techno-economic analysis to compare the CLC technology for steam generation against the current state-of-the-art technologies.
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