| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44:5, s. 394-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative.Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996–2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes.Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%—a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1*X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA.Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1*X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 13. |
- Andersson Trojer, Markus, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Charged microcapsules for controlled release of hydrophobic actives. Part III: The effect of polyelectrolyte brush- and multilayers on sustained release
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 15:17, s. 6153-6165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres have been prepared by the internal phase separation method using either of the three conventional dispersants poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), or the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(sodium methacrylate). The block copolymer based microsphere, which has a polyelectrolyte brush on the surface, was surface modified with up to two poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-poly(sodium methacrylate) bilayers. The microspheres were loaded with the hydrophobic dye 2-(4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenylazo)-N-ethylphenylamino)ethanol (Disperse Red 13) and its release from aqueous dispersions of microspheres with the different surface compositions was measured by spectrophotometry. The burst fraction, burst rate and the diffusion constant were determined from a model combining burst and diffusive release. Out of the three dispersants, the block copolymer gave the slowest release of the dye, with respect to both burst release and diffusive release. A very pronounced further reduction of the diffusion constant was obtained by applying polyelectrolyte multilayers on top of the microspheres. However, the diffusion constant was very weakly dependent on further polyelectrolyte adsorption and one polyelectrolyte bilayer appeared to suffice.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Enroth, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of QuickFISH and maldi Sepsityper for identification of bacteria in bloodstream infection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 51:4, s. 249-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns are critical to guide therapeutic decision-making for optimal care of septic patients. The current gold standard, blood culturing followed by subculture on agar plates for subsequent identification, is too slow leading to excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotic with harmful consequences for the patient and, in the long run, the public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of two commercial assays, QuickFISH® (OpGen) and Maldi Sepsityper™ (Bruker Daltonics) for early and accurate identification of microorganisms directly from positive blood cultures.Materials and methods: During two substudies of positive blood cultures, the two commercial assays were assessed against the routine method used at the clinical microbiology laboratory, Unilabs AB, at Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden.Results: The Maldi Sepsityper™ assay enabled earlier microorganism identification. Using the cut-off for definite species identification according to the reference method (>2.0), sufficiently accurate species identification was achieved, but only among Gram-negative bacteria. The QuickFISH®assay was time-saving and showed high concordance with the reference method, 94.8% (95% CI 88.4–98.3), when the causative agent was covered by the QuickFISH® assay.Conclusions: The use of the commercial assays may shorten the time to identification of causative agents in bloodstream infections and can be a good complement to the current clinical routine diagnostics. Nevertheless, the performance of the commercial assays is considerably affected by the characteristics of the causative agents.
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| 16. |
- Fredricsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Nationell luftövervakning – Sakrapport med data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t.o.m. 2017
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket, Luftenheten, ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö i Sverige. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL, SU, SLU och SMHI) till och med 2017 och regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2016.För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 15 och 35 år sedan, generellt sett skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna i regional bakgrund avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider dock i dagsläget MKN för hälsa.
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| 17. |
- Ghosheh, Nidal, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative transcriptomics of hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and adult human liver tissue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 49:8, s. 430-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-HEP) have the potential to replace presently used hepatocyte sources applied in liver disease treatment and models of drug discovery and development. Established hepatocyte differentiation protocols are effective and generate hepatocytes, which recapitulate some key features of their in vivo counterparts. However, generating mature hPSC-HEP remains a challenge. In this study, we applied transcriptomics to investigate the progress of in vitro hepatic differentiation of hPSCs at the developmental stages, definitive endoderm, hepatoblasts, early hPSC-HEP, and mature hPSC-HEP, to identify functional targets that enhance efficient hepatocyte differentiation. Using functional annotation, pathway and protein interaction network analyses, we observed the grouping of differentially expressed genes in specific clusters representing typical developmental stages of hepatic differentiation. In addition, we identified hub proteins and modules that were involved in the cell cycle process at early differentiation stages. We also identified hub proteins that differed in expression levels between hPSC-HEP and the liver tissue controls. Moreover, we identified a module of genes that were expressed at higher levels in the liver tissue samples than in the hPSC-HEP. Considering that hub proteins and modules generally are essential and have important roles in the protein-protein interactions, further investigation of these genes and their regulators may contribute to a better understanding of the differentiation process. This may suggest novel target pathways and molecules for improvement of hPSC-HEP functionality, having the potential to finally bring this technology to a wider use.
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| 18. |
- Ghosheh, Nidal, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Show Higher Transcriptional Correlation with Adult Liver Tissue than with Fetal Liver Tissue
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 5:10, s. 4816-4827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEP) display many properties of mature hepatocytes, including expression of important genes of the drug metabolizing machinery, glycogen storage, and production of multiple serum proteins. To this date, hPSC-HEP do not, however, fully recapitulate the complete functionality of in vivo mature hepatocytes. In this study, we applied versatile bioinformatic algorithms, including functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses, transcription factor binding-site enrichment, and similarity and correlation analyses, to datasets collected from different stages during hPSC-HEP differentiation and compared these to developmental stages and tissues from fetal and adult human liver. Our results demonstrate a high level of similarity between the in vitro differentiation of hPSC-HEP and in vivo hepatogenesis. Importantly, the transcriptional correlation of hPSC-HEP with adult liver (AL) tissues was higher than with fetal liver (FL) tissues (0.83 and 0.70, respectively). Functional data revealed mature features of hPSC-HEP including cytochrome P450 enzymes activities and albumin secretion. Moreover, hPSC-HEP showed expression of many genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Despite the high similarities observed, we identified differences of specific pathways and regulatory players by analyzing the gene expression between hPSC-HEP and AL. These findings will aid future intervention and improvement of in vitro hepatocyte differentiation protocol in order to generate hepatocytes displaying the complete functionality of mature hepatocytes. Finally, on the transcriptional level, our results show stronger correlation and higher similarity of hPSC-HEP to AL than to FL. In addition, potential targets for further functional improvement of hPSC-HEP were also identified.
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| 19. |
- Granfors, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Iodine deficiency in a study population of pregnant women in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 94:11, s. 1168-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIodine deficiency in utero may impair neurological development of the fetus. In Sweden, iodine nutrition is considered to be adequate in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Sweden. Material and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, the total study population (n=459) consisted of two cohorts (Varmland County, n=273, and Uppsala County, n=186) of pregnant non-smoking women without pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy. Spot urine samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy for median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) analysis. ResultsThe median UIC in the total study population was 98g/L (interquartile range 57-148g/L). ConclusionsAccording to WHO/UNICEF/IGN criteria, population-based median UIC during pregnancy should be 150-249g/L. Thus, our results indicate insufficient iodine status in the pregnant population of Sweden. There is an urgent need for further assessments in order to optimize iodine nutrition during pregnancy.
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| 20. |
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