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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gardner, Frances, et al.
(författare)
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Equity effects of parenting interventions for child conduct problems: a pan-European individual participant data meta-analysis.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet Psychiatry. - 2215-0374. ; 6:6, s. 518-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood conduct problems are a costly public health problem and are five times more common in socially disadvantaged groups than they are in advantaged groups. Untreated, conduct problems have a poor prognosis, with increasing gaps between socioeconomic groups, and high rates of subsequent criminality. Incredible Years is a high quality parenting programme for reducing conduct problems and is widely disseminated in Europe. Many trials have shown Incredible Years to be effective but the potential effects of parenting interventions on social inequality are unknown. Some behavioural interventions (eg, smoking cessation programmes), although beneficial overall, can widen inequality gaps. Because single trials and aggregate-level meta-analyses are ill equipped for examining differential intervention (moderator) effects, we pooled individual-level trial data to assess the effects of Incredible Years on social equity.We did a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis by searching CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Medline, and PsycINFO, for studies published from inception to March 15, 2019. We also searched the Incredible Years website library and consulted with experts, including the European Incredible Years mentors' network. We included data from all completed randomised trials of the Incredible Years parenting intervention in Europe that included children aged 1-12 years, including unpublished trials, without restriction on publication year or outcome measures. We included prevention (selective or universal) and treatment or indicated prevention trials (for children diagnosed or above the clinical cutoff for conduct problems). We excluded trials or conditions within trials that were not randomised, included additional non-parenting material (eg, child-focused interventions), or were abbreviated, non-standard versions of the usual Incredible Years intervention of 12-14 weekly sessions. We requested individual participant data from the study authors. The primary outcome was child conduct problems, assessed using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Intensity (ECBI-I) scale. Moderators were analysed using multilevel modelling with multiple imputation.Of 15 European trials of Incredible Years parenting programmes (n=1696 children), individual participant data were unavailable for one trial and one trial did not assess the primary outcome. Children were aged 2-10 years (median 5·1), 492 (30%) of 1651 children were from an ethnic minority and 931 (58%) of 1614 were from low-income families. Families who received the Incredible Years intervention reported an overall reduction in child conduct problems (13·5 points on the ECBI-I scale, 95% CI 10·9-16·1). There were no differential effects by family disadvantage (indicated by poverty, lone parenthood, teenage parenthood, household joblessness, or low education), or ethnic minority status.We found no evidence for differential effects by social disadvantage, suggesting that Incredible Years is unlikely to widen socioeconomic inequalities in conduct problems. Furthermore, the programme might be an important tool for reducing social disparities and improving poor long-term outcomes in disadvantaged families because follow-up studies indicate that benefits persist. Clinicians and commissioners can be reassured that the programme is similarly effective for families from different backgrounds.UK National Institute for Health Research.
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| 16. |
- Hultmann, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse - a Comparison of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Ordinary Care in Child Mental Health Care
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Conference on Domestic Violence.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this randomized controlled study was to test if trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) had a better effect on trauma symptoms and general mental symptoms compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in patients who had witnessed intimate partner violence and/or were abused. Ninety-three patients (61 girls and 32 boys) aged five to 17 years old were recruited during a visit to an outpatient child and adolescent mental health care unit. Patients were interviewed with a structured interview to assign a diagnosis. They also answered a series of structured questionnaires. Patients were randomly assigned to TF-CBT or TAU. Patients were reassessed six months after the treatment's start and again after 12 months. To our surprise, TF-CBT and TAU had an equivalent, medium to large effect on trauma symptoms and, to some degree, even a positive effect on symptoms of anxiety, depression and conduct problems. We believe the TAU intervention was optimized in several ways. The therapists working with/applying TAU were highly skilled in trauma treatment and more than half of them used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR). It is worthy to note that the therapists' advanced knowledge in family violence may play an important role when treatment modalities are compared. It beckons an interesting discussion about which treatment conditions researchers should compare when designing their studies.
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| 17. |
- Hultmann, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Talking to parents who have abused: Enhancing the child focus in social child welfare investigations about intimate partner violence and child abuse
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Conference on Domestic Violence.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The iRiSk project (insatser och risk-/skyddsbedömningar för våldsutsatta barn) aims to develop structured risk and safety interviews in child welfare investigations. This includes using the violent parent as informant. Existing interviews with perpetrators of partner violence focus on the violence itself and the risk of repeated violence, but they lack relevant aspects of parenting, such as feelings of remorse, how the parent understands the child’s and the adult victim’s reactions to the violence, and whether perpetrators can identify problems that affect their relationship with the child. This paper presents a study that focuses on fathers as perpetrators. It examines 1) the feasibility of the interview, as assessed by professionals 2) to what extent violent fathers are able to reflect on their violent behaviour and its effect on parenting during the structured interview 3) to what extent violent fathers can provide relevant information to a child welfare investigation. The goal of the project is to improve the quality of risk and safety assessments and the protection of vulnerable children by enhancing the child focus in child welfare investigations about intimate partner violence and child abuse. Participants in the project are recruited through the iRiSk project funded by the Swedish National board of Health and Welfare, which test risk assessments with children subjected to child abuse and/or exposed to intimate partner violence. The risk interviews with perpetrators will be tested by professionals within child welfare investigations and with fathers who are in contact with a crisis centre. Recorded interviews with the fathers will be analysed. The structured interview and the outline of the project will be presented as well as preliminary feedback from participating units.
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, Katarina A., 1958, et al.
(författare)
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The 'essentially' feminine - a mapping through artistic practice of the feminine territory offered by Early Modern Music
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ‘essentially’ feminine — a mapping through artistic practice of the feminine territory offered by Early Modern Music, is the somewhat complicated title of this book. But the content is not hard to understand a year into the #metoo-movement. It turns out that 400-year-old songs use the same rules as abusive men still do. Songs of love from a man to a woman in seventeenth-century England often contain patterns that today’s survivors of domestic violence recognise: to reject a ‘no,' accuse, threaten and question the loved one’s character. The researcher Katarina A Karlsson has read 755 songs from the time. Among the love songs from a man to a woman, more than half use these rules to varying degrees. Is it possible to perform the songs at all? Katarina A Karlsson, who is also a singer and a writer, has worked with the songs together with musicians, singers, directors, costume designers and lighting designers. Photos document some of this scenic work. Other authors include a psychologist, associate professor Ulf Axberg, a director, professor emerita Gunilla Gårdfeldt-Carlsson and the renowned expert in Early Modern English Music, professor Christopher R. Wilson from the University of Hull. The unique collaboration frames the English Lute Song through artistic research, psychology, musicology, and gender theory. So what kind of feminine territory was offered by the Early Modern Music? A place where a woman would risk losing everything.
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| 19. |
- Leijten, Patty, et al.
(författare)
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Co-occurring change in children's conduct problems and maternal depression: Latent class individual participant data meta-analysis of the Incredible Years parenting program.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology. - 1469-2198. ; 31:Special Issue 5, s. 1851-1862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children vary in the extent to which they benefit from parenting programs for conduct problems. How does parental mental health change if children benefit less or more? We assessed whether changes in conduct problems and maternal depressive symptoms co-occur following participation in the Incredible Years parenting program. We integrated individual participant data from 10 randomized trials (N = 1280; children aged 2-10 years) and distinguished latent classes based on families' baseline and post-test conduct problems and maternal depressive symptoms, using repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA). Classes differed mainly in severity of conduct problems and depression (RMLCA; 4 classes). Conduct problems reduced in all classes. Depressive symptoms did not change in most classes, except in a class of families where conduct problems and depression were particularly severe. Incredible Years led to a greater likelihood of families with particularly severe conduct problems and depression moving to a class with mild problems (LTA; 3 classes). Our findings suggest that for the majority of families, children's conduct problems reduce, but maternal depressive symptoms do not, suggesting relative independence, with the exception of families with severe depression and severe conduct problems where changes for the better do co-occur.
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| 20. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective as relapse prevention for patients with recurrent depression in Scandinavian primary health care
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:5, s. 464-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in primary care for patients with recurrent depression (major depressive disorder: MDD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MDD is now the leading cause of disease burden in middle- and high-income countries. Patients (N=45) with three or more previous depressive episodes were recruited to participate in MBCT as a preventative intervention. Using a benchmarking approach, outcome data was compared with data from a recent efficacy study. The methodology is a rigorous approach to assessing effectiveness when evidence-based UK protocols are transferred into the existing Scandinavian service delivery. Additionally, a person-centred methodological approach was used to assess clinical significance on the Reliable Change Index (RCI). The analysis revealed comparable or larger effects from pre-test to post-test in reduced psychiatric symptoms, increased quality of life and level of mindfulness, and the effects were maintained over 14 months. Analysis of the relapse rate in the current study (16%) compared to the TAU in the efficacy study (68%) yielded an h value of 0.78, a moderate effect size. Only 13% dropped out of the treatment. According to the RCI findings, 65% to 67% of participants in the clinical group improved, no individual worsened, and women showed a significantly greater improvement of depression and anxiety than men. Therapeutic alliance and motivation had no impact on the outcome. The overall result suggests that MBCT can be implemented successfully in Scandinavian primary health care as a preventive intervention for patients with recurrent depression.
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