| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bergqvist, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
The development of hinterland transport by rail – the story of Scandinavia and the Port of Gothenburg
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics. ; 23:2, s. 151-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the phenomenon of hinterland transport by rail and the remarkable journey that has taken place during the last ten years in Europe, especially in Scandinavia. Furthermore, it includes a brief examination of how current trends affect the role and development of rail for hinterland transport. In fact, particularly in Scandinavia, most of the potential market for hinterland transport of maritime containers is already realised. Nevertheless, stakeholders face new challenges as a result of the current financial crisis and global recession. As a result, transport systems, such as the Scandinavian rail shuttle system, now show modest growth figures in comparison to the 15 to 20 percent of annual growth over the last ten years. Ultimately, rail shuttle services and dry ports will still play an important future role in ensuring competitive and sustainable logistics systems assuming that these companies are able to cope with the imminent challenges.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bergqvist, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of contracts in achieving effective governance of intermodal terminals
- 2014
-
Ingår i: World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research. - 1749-4729 .- 1749-4737. ; 5:1, s. 18-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public sector actors often provide financial or planning support to intermodal terminal developments with the aim of achieving societal benefits through modal shift from road haulage to rail transport. Once operational, such terminals exhibit a variety of governance models with varying levels of power and responsibility shared between public and private actors. This paper reviews a selection of contracts between rail infrastructure owners, terminal owners, terminal operators and rail operators in order to determine the incentives, commitments and risks involved in specifying such responsibilities between actors. The two markets analysed are Sweden and the UK, with similar histories of liberalisation of rail operations. In the Swedish context, terminal infrastructure owners, usually public actors, want to act as landlords but continuously find themselves involved in daily operational and commercial situations. In the UK, long leases on token rents mean that few commitments or investments are required by private operators as long as they remain in use and allow open access. Policy implications are discussed and recommendations made for future research.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Cullinane, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
-
The Dry Port Concept – Theory and Practice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Maritime Economics & Logistics. - 1479-2931. ; 14:1, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Driven by the long-term stimulus of increasing worldwide trade and globalisation, the international freight transport industry thrives on continuous change and development, as reflected in managerial, regulatory and technological innovations within the sector. For container ports, in particular, the dynamic nature of such an environment has been most acutely felt in terms of considerable increases in the size of containerships (Cullinane and Khanna, 1999, 2000; Imai et al, 2006), the rationalisation of cargo handling operations in pursuit of greater efficiency (Cordeau et al, 2001; Imai et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2002; Kim and Moon, 2003; Park and Kim, 2003; Vis and Koster, 2003; Christiansen et al, 2004; Guan and Cheung, 2004; Hansen et al, 2008; Cullinane, 2010), the devolution of port governance (Brooks and Cullinane, 2007) and the need to reorient the marketing of port services for strategic positioning within inherently competitive supply chains, rather than simply within essentially captive hinterlands (Robinson, 2002).
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Fan, Shuangrui, et al.
(författare)
-
Forecasting Baltic Dirty Tanker Index by Applying Wavelet Neural Networks
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Technologies. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2160-0473 .- 2160-0481. ; 3:1, s. 68-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Baltic Exchange Dirty Tanker Index (BDTI) is an important assessment index in world dirty tanker shipping industry. Actors in the industry sector can gain numerous benefits from accurate forecasting of the BDTI. However, limitations exist in traditional stochastic and econometric explanation modeling techniques used in freight rate forecasting. At the same time research in shipping index forecasting e.g. BDTI applying artificial intelligent techniques is scarce. This analyses the possibilities to forecast the BDTI by applying Wavelet Neural Networks (WNN). Firstly, the characteristics of traditional and artificial intelligent forecasting techniques are discussed and rationales for choosing WNN are explained. Secondly, the components and features of BDTI will be explicated. After that, the authors delve the determinants and influencing factors behind fluctuations of the BDTI in order to set inputs for WNN forecasting model. The paper examines non-linearity and non-stationary features of the BDTI and elaborates WNN model building procedures. Finally, the comparison of forecasting performance between WNN and ARIMA time series models show that WNN has better forecasting accuracy than traditionally used modeling techniques.
|
|
