| 11. |
- Meregalli, C., et al.
(författare)
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Neurofilament light chain as disease biomarker in a rodent model of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 307, s. 129-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of using serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a disease biomarker in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) since this easy accessible biological test may have a large impact on clinical management and safety of cancer patients. We performed this preclinical study using a well-characterized rat model based on repeated administration of the cytostatic drug vincristine (VCR, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously via the tail vein once/week for 4 times). Serial NfL serum concentration was measured using the in-house Simoa NfL assay and peripheral neuropathy onset was measured by sensory and motor nerve conduction studies. Serum NfL measure in untreated and VCR-treated rats demonstrated a steady, and significant increase during the course of VCR administration, with a final 4-fold increase with respect to controls (p < .001) when sign of axonopathy and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers were clearly evident and verified by behavioral, neurophysiological and pathological examination. This simple monitoring approach based on serum NfL concentration measures may be easily translated to clinical practice and should be considered as a putative marker of CIPN severity in a typical oncology outpatient setting. Further studies are needed to validate its utility in cancer patients treated with different neurotoxic drugs.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Montesino, Norma
(författare)
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Zigenarfrågan : Intervention och romantik
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses Swedish gypsy policy between 1880 and 1970, as part of a larger sociopolitical project undertaken by the Swedish authorities to promote social order and stability. During this period, the treatment of marginalized groups was shaped by the same visions and objectives as for the population as a whole. Gypsies in Sweden have been subject to the same regulations for as other poor groups, particularly those for groups without local ties. Established ideas about gypsies are presented in this study as part of a "story" aimed at justifying state intervention. Two theoretical approaches are applied in the thesis. One explains the concepts and mechanisms that draw a dividing line between the members of a group and those outside the group, namely Simmel's idea of "the poor" and "the stranger" and Elias' and Tilly's studies on the reproduction of exclusion. The other draws on Foucault and studies inspired by Foucault, and analyses the same processes from a historical and social perspective. An important conclusion concerns the distinction made between travellers (tattare) and gypsies (zigenare). As reflected in earlier legislation, these terms were used interchangeably until the end of the 19th century. Travellers were those groups that could demonstrate a visible connection with Sweden, while gypsies were newcomers to the country. The status and treatment of travellers was addressed during the first part of the 20th century and coercive measures stipulated by the Vagrancy Law were applied. When the status of gypsies was taken into consideration in the middle of last century, coercion was no longer regarded as necessary or acceptable. Treatment and assistance were new methods to reach groups that previously had been subject to coercive measures. This study demonstrates that the state policy toward gypsies, over time, has been one of both continuity and change. Continuity insofar as groups considered part of the collective are subject to prevailing rules and regulations. Change relates to strategies and practices used to that end. Study of 20th century policy toward gypsies reveals the continuous conflict over the economic responsibility for the costs associated with poor relief. Negotiations between the state and the municipalities led in the 1960s to the state assuming responsibility for the housing of gypsies. This was part of a more general policy toward newly arrived refugees. In documentation of post-war policy, gypsies figure as an important target group for the delivery of social welfare services and were treated the same ways devised to tend to other poor. The explanation of the social situation of gypsies has always been supported by 19th century notions about this group. Those who try to understand the social marginalisation of gypsies do so by pointing to external factors, such as the historical treatment of gypsies, or internal ones, including their resistance to change.
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| 14. |
- Mostafavi, Behrouz, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in the Swedish cohort with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, up to the age of 43-45 years
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of COPD. - 1176-9106. ; 14, s. 525-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary disorder. AATD is a known risk factor for the development of emphysema and liver disease. A cohort of severe (PiZZ) and moderate (PiSZ) AAT-deficient newborn infants was identified by the Swedish national neonatal AAT screening in 1972-1974 and has been followed up since birth. Our aim was to study survival in this cohort up to 43-45 years of age in comparison with the general Swedish population. Methods: Data from 127 PiZZ, 2 PiZnull, 54 PiSZ, and 1 PiSnull subjects, who were identified by the neonatal screening in 1972-1974, were included in the study. To compare death rates in the PiZZ and PiSZ individuals with the general Swedish population, a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as the ratio of observed to expected deaths. Results: Seven PiZZ subjects died during the follow-up, to be compared with an expected 3.66 deaths for the general population, giving an SMR of 1.91 (95% CI 0.77-3.94). Four PiSZ subjects died compared to an expected 1.53 deaths, giving an SMR of 2.61 (95% CI 0.71-6.71). The cumulative probability of survival up to the age of 45 years was 94% (95% CI 90%-98%) for the study population. Six deaths occurred before the age of 8 years. Conclusion: Up to 43-45 years of age, there was no difference in survival between PiZZ and PiSZ individuals in comparison with the Swedish general population. The majority of deaths occurred during childhood.
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| 15. |
- Podolyak, Z, et al.
(författare)
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Isomer spectroscopy of neutron rich W-190(116)
- 2000
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Ingår i: PHYSICS LETTERS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693. ; 491:3-4, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gamma-rays de-exciting a millisecond isomer in the neutron-rich nucleus W-190(74)116 have been observed following relativistic projectile fragmentation of a I GeV per nucleon Pb-208 beam. Th, isomeric decay populates the ground-state rotational band, with
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| 16. |
- Pope, Harrison G., Jr., et al.
(författare)
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Adverse Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing Drugs : An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement
- 2014
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Ingår i: Endocrine reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 35:3, s. 341-375
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage in sports, and not on the health risks of PEDs. There is a widespread misperception that PED use is safe or that adverse effects are manageable. In reality, the vast majority of PED users are not athletes but rather nonathlete weightlifters, and the adverse health effects of PED use are greatly under appreciated. This scientific statement synthesizes available information on the medical consequences of PED use, identifies gaps in knowledge, and aims to focus the attention of the medical community and policymakers on PED use as an important public health problem. PED users frequently consume highly supraphysiologic doses of PEDs, combine them with other PEDs and/or other classical drugs of abuse, and display additional associated risk factors. PED use has been linked to an increased risk of death and a wide variety of cardiovascular, psychiatric, metabolic, endocrine, neurologic, infectious, hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal disorders. Because randomized trials cannot ethically duplicate the large doses of PEDs and the many factors associated with PED use, we need observational studies to collect valid out come data on the health risks associated with PEDs. In addition, we need studies regarding the prevalence of PED use, the mechanisms by which PEDs exert their adverse health effects, and the interactive effects of PEDs with sports injuries and other high-risk behaviors. We also need randomized trials to assess therapeutic interventions for treating the adverse effects of PEDs, such as the anabolic-androgen steroid withdrawal syndrome. Finally, we need to raise public awareness of the serious health consequences of PEDs.
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| 17. |
- Sinclair, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Seqenv : linking sequences to environments through text mining
- 2016
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the distribution of taxa and associated traits across different environments is one of the central questions in microbial ecology. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) studies are presently generating huge volumes of data to address this biogeographical topic. However, these studies are often focused on specific environment types or processes leading to the production of individual, unconnected datasets. The large amounts of legacy sequence data with associated metadata that exist can be harnessed to better place the genetic information found in these surveys into a wider environmental context. Here we introduce a software program, seqenv, to carry out precisely such a task. It automatically performs similarity searches of short sequences against the "nt" nucleotide database provided by NCBI and, out of every hit, extracts if it is available the textual metadata field. After collecting all the isolation sources from all the search results, we run a text mining algorithm to identify and parse words that are associated with the Environmental Ontology (EnvO) controlled vocabulary. This, n turn, enables us to determine both in which environments individual sequences or taxa have previously been observed and, by weighted summation of those results, to summarize complete samples. We present two demonstrative applications of seqenv to a survey of ammonia oxidizing archaea as well as to a plankton paleome dataset from the Black Sea. These demonstrate the ability of the tool to reveal novel patterns in HTS and its utility in the fields of environmental source tracking, paleontology, and s of microbial biogeography.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Solmi, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of autism spectrum disorder from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : SPRINGER NATURE. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 27:10, s. 4172-4180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) substantially contributes to the burden of mental disorders. Improved awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria of ASD may have influenced the diagnostic rates of ASD. However, while data on trends in diagnostic rates in some individual countries have been published, updated estimates of diagnostic rate trends and ASD-related disability at the global level are lacking. Here, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data to address this gap, focusing on changes in prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASD across the world. From 1990 to 2019, overall age-standardized estimates remained stable globally. Both prevalence and DALYs increased in countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI). However, the age-standardized incidence decreased in some low SDI countries, indicating a need to improve awareness. The male/female ratio decreased between 1990 and 2019, possibly accounted for by increasing clinical attention to ASD in females. Our results suggest that ASD detection in low SDI countries is suboptimal, and that ASD prevention/treatment in countries with high SDI should be improved, considering the increasing prevalence of the disorder. Additionally, growing attention is being paid to ASD diagnosis in females, who might have been left behind by ASD epidemiologic and clinical research previously. ASD burden estimates are underestimated as GBD does not account for mortality in ASD.
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| 20. |
- Uhlmann, Eckart, et al.
(författare)
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3-Achs-Portalfräsmaschine als Demonstrator für ein modulares Werkzeugmaschinengestell
- 2019
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Ingår i: ZWF Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb. - : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH. - 0947-0085 .- 2511-0896. ; 114:9, s. 245-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short product lifecycles and individualized product specifications demand manufacturing systems with high productivity and flexibility. These controversial demands can be satisfied by modular machine tools. Modularity enables a need-based reconfiguration of the machine tool within a priori defined flexibility corridors. Such reconfigurations are in the traditional sense, e.g. the change of the clamping system, tool holder or machining direction by an optional rotary table. Due to restrictions of these flexibility corridors within the development phase, an adaption of the machine tool structure is only possible with high financial investments. In this article a building block system is presented, which enables the adaption of the machine tool structure without any a priori defined design restrictions in terms of the machine tool frame. The building blocks were used to put a 3-axis gantry milling machine into operation. First measurements of the dynamic machine tool behaviour show the potentials of such modular systems.
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