| 11. |
- Hamidi, Zahra, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in access to bike-and-ride opportunities : Findings for the city of Malmö
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 130, s. 673-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bike-and-ride – that is, integrating cycling and public transport in one trip – is an attractive combination, as cycling as an active and clean mode is faster than walking and more affordable and flexible than other alternative modes of transport. Using cycling as a feeder mode to public transport could potentially allow people to reach more opportunities and improve their mobility, and ultimately, their well-being. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate the inequalities in access to bike-and-ride options across population groups.In this context, we suggest assessing the inequalities in bicycle access to the main transport hubs of a city by developing a composite indicator based on accessibility measures and the Theil index of inequality. This indicator captures the role of both private and public bikes – part of a Bike Sharing System (BSS) – in accessing the existing public transport system. The novelty of our approach lies in bringing the distributional justice perspective in the accessibility evaluation of transport and analysing the inequalities within and between any arbitrarily defined population groups. Moreover, in addition to travel time by bike, this accessibility measure incorporates a series of bike-related features, such as the typology of bike lanes (separated from or shared with roads), the presence of a BSS in the network, and bike facilities (e.g., parking racks) in transport hubs.The proposed methodology is applied to a real case study of the city of Malmö, Sweden, to prove its efficacy and usefulness. In particular, we examine how the level of bicycle access to the major public transport destination (including train stations and regional bus hubs) varies across the population. While considering the contextual properties of the city of Malmö, the inequalities are analysed in relation to spatial dimension and social background of the population, it is possible to extend the proposed analysis by including further features of the population, such as income or gender, and apply the same approach to different contexts.
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| 12. |
- Hammad, Samir, et al.
(författare)
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Kollektivtrafikens sårbarhet i Covid-19-eran : En holistisk strategi framåt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The role of public transport in society is crucial, particularly for those who do not have access to alternative transport modes. For public transport to be able to fulfil its societal role, it should not be perceived as unsafe or unhealthy by its (potential) users. Several studies from all over the world have shown that anxiety has increased remarkably during the pandemic, and it is likely to last much longer. Furthermore, the pandemic is expected to affect travel behaviour even when it will be over and all the restrictions will be lifted due to, among other things, increased teleworking, increased unemployment and the remaining effect of concerns about congestion and infection. This study aims to investigate how the public transport supply has adjusted during the different stages of the pandemic and what the result of these changes on the costs of public transport has been. The study also aims to identify today's challenges, the measures that have already been implemented and what needs to be done in the future to keep public transport functioning in similar circumstances and to help it recover quickly and fully after the pandemic. The method used to understand the pandemic's impact on public transport and thus be able to answer the study's first two questions, is a literature study. Thereafter, quantitative data on ridership, public transport supply and costs have been collected. The data has been analyzed and visualized to present it in an easy-to-understand way. To answer the final question about how to better adapt public transport to the covid-19 pandemic in the medium and long term, qualitative interviews have been conducted. Finally, the proposed strategies presented in this paper have been assessed using the multi-Criteria Analysis.
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| 13. |
- Hrelja, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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New ways of dealing with social consequences and needs in public transport planning? : A review of methods and research gaps
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 152-153
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The planning of public transport systems has for a long time prioritised the so-called high demand- routes (routes that have the most passengers). This may have negative consequences for certain groups of users and their accessibility. The public transport industry sees, due to the traditional prioritisation of high demand-routes, a need for knowledge of, and greater consideration for, social aspects and the needs of different user groups. This presentation presents a review of the rich international research literature on public transport accessibility, covering methods to be used to be used when deciding if and when a greater emphasis should be given to meeting the mobility needs of disadvantaged passenger groups or providing geographical equity and how toconsider mitigation in situations with negative social impacts. It also identifies research gaps related to the above topic based on practical experiences of public transport planning in Swedish Public transport authorities.The literature searches were carried out in databases such as Scopus. A qualitative synthesis of the literature is presented. The results are discussed and compared with experience of actual knowledge needs in planning based on interviews with officers. There are methods for estimating accessibility, and methods for determining the extent to which improved accessibility actually leads to groups taking part in more activities or not. For example, the literature often provides methods for assessing accessibility in time and space by analyzing accessibility in terms of reachability to jobs or services by public transport in a city, or by formulating a method that is first used to evaluate the supply side of public transport services in a city, which is then compared with demographic and spatial distributions of the population (for example divided by age, ethnicity, education, income or access to a car) in order to produce transit gap indexes. This means that research contribute knowledge about existing public transport systems and the effects of investments including how to direct them to places and groups in greatest need.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Railway network design and regional labour markets in Sweden
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investment in railways, and transport infrastructure in general, are often motivated because they are believed to improve peoples’ accessibility to jobs. By linking together and increasing the size of labour markets, the matching between individuals and jobs is improved, and the productivity increases. Communities and municipalities lobby for investments that lead to higher accessibility and those that are successful often see inflows of people as a consequence. This paper looks at the entire Swedish railway network, at the level of service of each station and at the connectivity among stations during the morning peak hour, considering different time bands. Causal inferences between job accessibility levels and socio-demographic features are explored and disclosed, looking at the longitudinal impacts of railway investments over 4 years (from 2011 to 2014) on annual wages. Estimating a fixed effects model, very small effects on wages have been found with the increase in the number of jobs around accessible rail stations. These preliminary results indicate that additional jobs along the rail network seem to have a marginal effect. The findings of this analysis, if communicated to planners, may assist them in assessing and predicting the effects of future railway measures to implement over the Swedish territory.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Railway network design and regional labour markets in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0739-8859. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investment in railways, and transport infrastructure in general, are often motivated because they are believed to improve peoples’ accessibility to jobs. By linking together and increasing the size of labour markets, the matching between individuals and jobs is improved, and the productivity increases. Communities and municipalities lobby for investments that lead to higher accessibility and those that are successful often see inflows of people as a consequence. This paper looks at the entire Swedish railway network, at the level of service of each station and at the connectivity among stations during the morning peak hour, considering different time bands. Associations between job accessibility levels and socio-demographic features are explored and disclosed, looking at the longitudinal impacts of railway investments over 4 years (from 2011 to 2014) on annual wages. Estimating a fixed effects model, very small effects on wages have been found with the increase in the number of jobs around accessible rail stations. These preliminary results indicate that additional jobs along the rail network seem to have a marginal effect. The findings of this analysis, if communicated to planners, may assist them in assessing the effects of future railway measures to implement over the Swedish territory.
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| 16. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Space Syntax Integration at Public Transport Hubs and Public Squares Using Drone Footage
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 13:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space Syntax theory is a methodological framework for describing and analysing the relationships between spaces and buildings. The fundamental building blocks of Space Syntax are called axial lines, which represent lines of sight from a specific point in space. These lines can then be used to quantitatively analyse the integration (or attractiveness) of an area. However, many public squares and transport hubs are crossed by roads which prove a hinderance when walking although not impairing the sightlines of pedestrians. The aim of this paper is to test how this limitation affects the concept and whether Space Syntax is still useful to understand how people move in such areas. Seven public squares and transport hubs in Malmö (Sweden) were selected and their Space Syntax integration was calculated. These values were compared with pedestrian detections from the same areas based on video recordings from a drone. When aggregating the areas into several levels based on their integration value, the result shows a clear link between Space Syntax integration and the number of pedestrian detections made at each location, demonstrating how this measure could be useful for understanding micromobility usage on a small scale.
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| 17. |
- Kazemzadeh, Khashayar, et al.
(författare)
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Same questions, different answers? A hierarchical comparison of cyclists’ perceptions of comfort: in-traffic vs. online approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1942-7867 .- 1942-7875. ; 13:7, s. 531-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed at comparing cyclists’ perceptions of comfort when in traffic and when online. Questions about comfort were structured according to three hierarchical levels, namely strategic (city level), tactical (frequent route level) and operational (survey spot level). The purpose is to understand how the cyclists’ perceptions of comfort at different levels vary between questionnaire administration methods. The results suggest that cyclists are more positive and optimistic about the cycling comfort when answering online questionnaires than when answering in-traffic questionnaires, but only when the questions refer to the operational level (at a more general level, their answers were not statistically different). Cycling planners and researchers could incorporate these findings in their data collection policies by selecting online approaches, which are generally less expensive than but equally effective as in-traffic approaches, when carrying out studies that concern the strategic and/or tactical levels of comfort.
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| 18. |
- Nadimi, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Providing Information about Parking Spaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - 2071-1050. ; 15:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a serious imbalance between parking demand and capacity in cities due to limitations in their parking facilities. It is important for drivers to know about parking vacancies before their trips. Meanwhile, administrators need information about parking capacity and demand before a week begins to improve parking management. A method is proposed here for predicting parking demand and capacity by utilizing a Naïve Bayes model and different variables such as drivers’ characteristics and their trips, environmental conditions, parking attributes, and vehicle specifications. Tehran (Iran) is used as a case study etfor testing the model. Using the proposed model, it is possible to identify which parking facilities (and when) might experience spillover. For parking management and policy, demand management, and providing information about parking availability for drivers before their trips, this can be helpful.
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| 19. |
- Nadimi, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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A Method to Determine an Equity Score for Transportation Systems in the Cities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transportation equity is vital for the fulfillment of citizens’ activities. To make better decisions for transportation planning, it is appropriate to have a method to evaluate each mode and assign an equity score to it. This paper aims to propose a method to assess the level of equity using different transportation modes in each zone of a city. Here, the equity level takes into account on one side the proportion between the frequency of long and short-distance trips, the volume-to-capacity ratio of streets, the air quality, and the parking availability. On the other side, the ratio of costs associated with using passenger cars, the average income of the residents, and transit and cycling infrastructure quality is used in a zone of a city. In this regard, at first, indicators are considered to assess the condition of buses, cycling, and passenger cars. Then, the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is used to determine the level of equity for each mode. The method has been applied to regular buses, cycling, and passenger cars in Kerman, Iran, as a case study. The results indicate a significant difference between the equity levels perceived by citizens and the performed calculations. The citizens’ perceptions about the equity of regular buses and cycling seem to be more pessimistic than what the FIS model shows. Based on the model outputs, more restrictions must be established about using passenger cars in most of the zones. Nevertheless, in this regard, citizens have stated that the current situation is fair. We believe this method can be a helpful way to quantitatively assess the equity level of transportation systems in each zone.
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| 20. |
- Nadimi, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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A method to find the optimum routes and stations for Bus Rapid Transit in urban areas
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Transport. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 0965-092X .- 1751-7710.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public transportation (PT) is an essential system for cities to achieve sustainability. However, determination of proper locations for PT stations and finding suitable routes are critical decisions. This paper aims to propose a novel method to determine BRT stations and routes in the cities, using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Binary Integer Programming (BIP). In the proposed method, first, a set of potential locations for BRT stations is selected based on engineering judgment. Then, by considering several variables and with the help of FIS, a weight is calculated for each location. Subsequently, the optimum corridors for BRT with BIP are identified. The objective function of the BIP model is to maximize the sum of stations’ weights (involving the most suitable locations for BRT stations), while ensuring that the maximum number of passengers can travel each route. Constraints related to technical, social, and economic considerations are also taken into account. To control the model efficiency, the outputs are compared with the stations and corridor suggested by experts. Based on the results, the most important features of the developed model are its simplicity, its ability to consider various factors, a short running time, and its high level of accuracy.
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