| 11. |
- Arridge, Christopher S., et al.
(författare)
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Uranus Pathfinder : exploring the origins and evolution of Ice Giant planets
- 2012
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 33:2-3, s. 753-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "Ice Giants" Uranus and Neptune are a different class of planet compared to Jupiter and Saturn. Studying these objects is important for furthering our understanding of the formation and evolution of the planets, and unravelling the fundamental physical and chemical processes in the Solar System. The importance of filling these gaps in our knowledge of the Solar System is particularly acute when trying to apply our understanding to the numerous planetary systems that have been discovered around other stars. The Uranus Pathfinder (UP) mission thus represents the quintessential aspects of the objectives of the European planetary community as expressed in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. UP was proposed to the European Space Agency's M3 call for medium-class missions in 2010 and proposed to be the first orbiter of an Ice Giant planet. As the most accessible Ice Giant within the M-class mission envelope Uranus was identified as the mission target. Although not selected for this call the UP mission concept provides a baseline framework for the exploration of Uranus with existing low-cost platforms and underlines the need to develop power sources suitable for the outer Solar System. The UP science case is based around exploring the origins, evolution, and processes at work in Ice Giant planetary systems. Three broad themes were identified: (1) Uranus as an Ice Giant, (2) An Ice Giant planetary system, and (3) An asymmetric magnetosphere. Due to the long interplanetary transfer from Earth to Uranus a significant cruise-phase science theme was also developed. The UP mission concept calls for the use of a Mars Express/Rosetta-type platform to launch on a Soyuz-Fregat in 2021 and entering into an eccentric polar orbit around Uranus in the 2036-2037 timeframe. The science payload has a strong heritage in Europe and beyond and requires no significant technology developments.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Collinson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac troponin measurement at the point of care: educational recommendations on analytical and clinical aspects by the IFCC Committee on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Bio-Markers (IFCC C-CB)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 61:6, s. 989-998
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboarator Medicine (IFCC) Committee on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Bio-Markers (C-CB) has provided evidence-based educational resources to aid and improve the understanding of important analytical and clinical aspects of cardiac biomarkers. The present IFCC C-CB educational report focuses on recommendations for appropriate use, analytical performance, and gaps in clinical studies related to the use of cardiac troponin (cTn) by point of care (POC) measurement, often referred to as a point of care testing (POCT). The use of high-sensitivity (hs)-cTn POC devices in accelerated diagnostic protocols used in emergency departments or outpatient clinics investigating acute coronary syndrome has the potential for improved efficacy, reduction of length of stay and reduced costs in the health care system. POCT workflow integration includes location of the instrument, assignment of collection and testing responsibility to (non-lab) staff, instrument maintenance, in-service and recurrent training, quality control, proficiency assessments, discrepant result trapping, and troubleshooting and inventory management.
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| 14. |
- Hammarsten, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody-mediated interferences affecting cardiac troponin assays: recommendations from the IFCC Committee on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Biomarkers
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 61:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Biomarkers (IFCC C-CB) provides educational documents to facilitate the interpretation and use of cardiac biomarkers in clinical laboratories and practice. Our aim is to improve the understanding of certain key analytical and clinical aspects of cardiac biomarkers and how these may interplay. Measurements of cardiac troponin (cTn) have a prominent place in the clinical work-up of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. It is therefore important that clinical laboratories know how to recognize and assess analytical issues. Two emerging analytical issues resulting in falsely high cTn concentrations, often several fold higher than the upper reference limit (URL), are antibody-mediated assay interference due to long-lived cTn-antibody complexes, called macrotroponin, and crosslinking antibodies that are frequently referred to as heterophilic antibodies. We provide an overview of antibody-mediated cTn assay interference and provide recommendations on how to confirm the interference and interpret the results.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Pickering, John W., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Rule-out of Acute Myocardial Infarction With a Single High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Measurement Below the Limit of Detection A Collaborative Meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 166:10, s. 715-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High-sensitivity assays for cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) are sometimes used to rapidly rule out acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Purpose: To estimate the ability of a single hs-cTnT concentration below the limit of detection (<0.005 mu g/L) and a nonischemic electrocardiogram (ECG) to rule out AMI in adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. Data Sources: EMBASE and MEDLINE without language restrictions (1 January 2008 to 14 December 2016). Study Selection: Cohort studies involving adults presenting to the ED with possible acute coronary syndrome in whom an ECG and hs-cTnT measurements were obtained and AMI outcomes adjudicated during initial hospitalization. Data Extraction: Investigators of studies provided data on the number of low-risk patients (no new ischemia on ECG and hs-cTnT measurements <0.005 mu g/L) and the number who had AMI during hospitalization (primary outcome) or a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) or death within 30 days (secondary outcomes), by risk classification (low or not low risk). Two independent epidemiologists rated risk of bias of studies. Data Synthesis: Of 9241 patients in 11 cohort studies, 2825 (30.6%) were classified as low risk. Fourteen (0.5%) low-risk patients had AMI. Sensitivity of the risk classification for AMI ranged from 87.5% to 100% in individual studies. Pooled estimated sensitivity was 98.7% (95% CI, 96.6% to 99.5%). Sensitivity for 30-day MACEs ranged from 87.9% to 100%; pooled sensitivity was 98.0% (CI, 94.7% to 99.3%). No low-risk patients died. Limitation: Few studies, variation in timing and methods of reference standard troponin tests, and heterogeneity of risk and prevalence of AMI across studies. Conclusion: A single hs-cTnT concentration below the limit of detection in combination with a nonischemic ECG may successfully rule out AMI in patients presenting to EDs with possible emergency acute coronary syndrome.
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| 17. |
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| 19. |
- Apple, FS, et al.
(författare)
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IFCC educational materials on selected analytical and clinical applications of high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-9120 .- 1873-2933. ; 48:4-5, s. 201-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2011, the IFCC Task Force on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Bio-Markers (TF-CB) was formed, with the purpose of providing evidence based educational materials to assist all biomarker users, i.e. laboratorians, clinicians, researchers, in-vitro diagnostics and regulatory agencies, in better understanding important analytical and clinical aspects of established and novel cardiac biomarkers for use in clinical practice and research. The goal of the task force was to promulgate the same information conjointly through the in vitro diagnostic industry to the laboratory, emergency department and cardiologists. The initial undertaking of the TF-CB, which is comprised of laboratory medicine scientists, emergency medicine physicians and cardiologists, was to address two key issues pertaining to implementing high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays in clinical practice: the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) and calculating serial change values in accord with the Universal Definition of AMI. The highlights of both concepts from IFCC statements are described.
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| 20. |
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