| 11. |
- Eriksson, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Early inequalities in excellent health and performance among young adult women and men in Sweden.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Gender medicine : official journal of the Partnership for Gender-Specific Medicine at Columbia University. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 1550-8579 .- 1878-7398. ; 4:2, s. 170-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although health inequality between young adult women and men has been strikingly evident in symptoms of ill health, we found no studies examining these inequalities with a focus on positive health and performance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine possible inequalities between young adult women and men in a combined assessment of positive health and health-related performance. METHODS: Women and men aged 18 to 25 years studying medicine or computer science at 6 colleges/universities in 5 cities in Sweden were recruited for this study. All respondents answered a Web-based questionnaire regarding health, health-related performance, information and communication technology exposure, mood, and individual factors. A combined assessment of excellent health and health-related performance (EHHP) was defined and tested. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of EHHP were calculated separately for female and male respondents. To assess potential determinants of EHHP, differences in the relationships between EHHP and the explanatory factors were compared for both sexes. Results: In a study group of young adult students consisting of 1046 women and 1312 men, women were less likely than men to have EHHP (PR 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.98]). This inequality was even stronger within each course of study (medicine or computer science). Health-related factors showed similar patterns of relationship to EHHP for women and men; however, the strength of these relationships differed between the sexes. Logical relationships were observed between EHHP and almost all of the symptoms as well as between EHHP, the mood index, and health-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The well-known inequality in symptoms of ill health between young adult women and men was prevalent even in a combined assessment of positive health and health-related performance. That this inequality was prevalent in a relatively homogeneous sample of young adults indicates the importance of gender-based psychological and psychosocial factors beyond the more well-known structural gender-differentiating factors of vertical and horizontal segregation and disproportional responsibilities for domestic work. It may therefore be essential to emphasize these gender-based psychological and psychosocial factors when designing future studies and health promotion programs.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' risk perceptions in relation to risk behavior with long-term health consequences; antecedents and outcomes: A literature review
- 2012
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 50:9, s. 1740-1748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for a systematic literature review focusing on adolescents' risk perceptions in relation to risk behavior with long-term health consequences with delayed onset. The aim of this literature review was to review the results of such empirical studies, and to interpret these results from a general risk psychology perspective. Special focus was on factors influencing adolescents' risk perceptions, and on the risk perceptions - risk behavior relationship. Literature searches were conducted in the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cinahl databases. In total 51 journal articles were included in the review. Evidence, although inconsistent, was found for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, close exposure to negative outcome, perceived control, and knowledge, stereotyping and misconceptions as covariates of risk perceptions. Evidence was found both for a negative and a positive association between risk perceptions and risk behavior. The results suggest that the adolescent's risk perception, knowledge, perceived control (response- and self-efficacy) as well as benefits and costs of health behavior must be well balanced. Any agent, such as care providers, aiming at encouraging adolescents to take active responsibility for their long term health, must be able to determine each young person's status regarding these issues concomitantly, in order not to evoke risk denial, exaggerated unrealistic optimism, or impaired mental wellbeing. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. RAHAM SCS, 1995, HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH, V10, P155
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| 14. |
- Löve, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in maintenance of health and performance between young adult women and men in higher education.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of public health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X .- 1101-1262. ; 19:2, s. 168-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Because of ageing populations, most high-income countries are facing an imminent scarcity of labour. Maintenance of health and performance in young adults therefore becomes a crucial prerequisite for sustainable societies. One major obstruction to this accomplishment is the striking health inequalities between young women and young men. Previously these inequalities have mainly been studied in a cross-sectional way, focusing on ill-health. In this study, we compared the prevalence of maintained health and performance between young adult women and men and the predictors for this outcome. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 1266 participants from a homogenous sample of university students in Sweden. A combined assessment of self-rated 'very good' health and un-impaired performance took place at three time points (i.e. maintained health and performance). Potential predictors covered stable conditions in health-related behaviours, conditions at work/school and work-home interference. RESULTS: Young women had less maintained health and performance than young men. No major differences in predictors were found. However, there was a tendency for psychosocial factors to be the most important predictors, especially in women. CONCLUSIONS: That young women had less maintained health and performance in a homogenous sample beyond well-known differentiating factors suggests explanations other than observable structural differences between the sexes. This was also indicated by the importance attached to perceived demands, and work-home interference, especially in women. The combination of less scheduled, and more unscheduled, schoolwork (i.e. time-flexibility) negatively affected the maintenance of health and performance in our study population, suggesting a focus for future studies.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Intervention för förbättrat säkerhetsledarskap
- 2013
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Ingår i: FALF 2013. Arbetslivets föränderlighet: Individ-, organisations-, och metodperspektiv.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare – A multi-level investigation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375. ; 61, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Patient safety climate/culture is attracting increasing research interest, but there is little research on its relation with organizational climates regarding other target domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient safety climate and occupational safety climate in healthcare. Method: The climates were assessed using two questionnaires:Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire. The final sample consisted of 1154 nurses, 886 assistant nurses, and 324 physicians, organized in 150 work units, within hospitals (117 units), primary healthcare (5 units) and elderly care (28 units) in western Sweden, which represented 56% of the original sample contacted. Results: Within each type of safety climate, two global dimensions were confirmed in a higher order factor analysis; one with an external focus relative the own unit, and one with an internal focus. Two methods were used to estimate the covariation between the global climate dimensions, in order to minimize the influence of bias from common method variance. First multilevel analysis was used for partitioning variances and covariances in a within unit part (individual level) and a between unit part (unit level). Second, a split sample technique was used to calculate unit level correlations based on aggregated observations from different respondents. Both methods showed associations similar in strength between the patient safety climate and the occupational safety climate domains. Conclusions: The results indicated that patient safety climate and occupational safety climate are strongly positively related at the unit level, and that the same organizational processes may be important for the development of both types of organizational climate. Practical applications: Safety improvement interventions should not be separated in different organizational processes, but be planned so that both patient safety and staff safety are considered concomitantly.
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| 19. |
- Stave, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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An intervention method for occupational safety in farming : evaluation of the effect and process
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to increase safety in Swedish farming an intervention methodology to influence attitudes and behaviour was tested. Eightyeight farmers and farm workers in nine groups gathered on seven occasions during 1 year. The basic concept was to create socially supportive networks and encourage discussions and reflection, focusing on risk manageability. Six of the groups made structured incident/accident analyses. Three of the latter groups also received information on risks and accident consequences. Effects were evaluated in a pre-post questionnaire using six-graded scales. A significant increase in safety activity and significant reduction in stress and risk acceptance was observed in the total sample. Risk perception and perceived risk manageability did not change. Analysing incidents/accidents, but not receiving information, showed a more positive outcome. Qualitative data indicated good feasibility and that the long duration of the intervention was perceived as necessary. The socially supportive network was reported as beneficial for the change process. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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