| 11. |
- Roggen, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial and antineoplastic activities of Agelasine analogs modified in the purine 2-position
- 2011
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Ingår i: Archiv der Pharmazie. - : Wiley. - 0365-6233 .- 1521-4184. ; 344:1, s. 50-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agelasines are 7,9-dialkylpurinium salts found in marine sponges (Agelas sp.), which display a variety of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. We have synthesized simplified agelasine analogs modified in the purine 2-position and examined their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The compounds were screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida krusei, and Candida albicans, protozoa causing tropical diseases (Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei), a panel of human cancer cell lines (U-937 GTB, RPMI 8226/s, CEM/s, and ACHN) as well as VERO and/or MRC-5 cells. The results indicate that the introduction of a methyl group in the purine 2-position is beneficial for antimycobacterial and antiprotozoal activity, and that amino groups may enhance activity against several cancer cell lines.
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| 12. |
- Ruhaak, Lucia Renee, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Effects of Six Major Cannabinoids Isolated from Cannabis sativa
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. - : Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. - 0918-6158 .- 1347-5215. ; 34:5, s. 774-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyse the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins are important mediators in the inflammatory process and their production can be reduced by COX-inhibitors. Endocannabinoids, endogenous analogues of the plant derived cannabinoids, occur normally in the human body. The Endocannabinoids are structurally similar to arachidonic acid and have been suggested to interfere with the inflammatory process. They have also been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids have been observed, however the mode of action is not yet clarified. Anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., inhibition of COX-2) is proposed to play an important role in the development of colon cancer, which makes this subject interesting to study further. In the present work, the six cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Delta(9)-THC-A), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), isolated from Cannabis sativa, were evaluated for their effects on prostaglandin production. For this purpose an in vitro enzyme based COX-1/COX-2 inhibition assay and a cell based prostaglandin production radioimmunoassay were used. Cannabinoids inhibited cyclooxygenase enzyme activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.7.10(-3) to 2.0.10(-4) M.
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| 13. |
- Strömstedt, Adam A., et al.
(författare)
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Bioassays in Natural Product Research : Strategies and Methods in the Search for Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Phytochemical Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0958-0344 .- 1099-1565. ; 25:1, s. 13-28
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Identifying bioactive molecules from complex biomasses requires careful selection and execution of relevant bioassays in the various stages of the discovery process of potential leads and targets.Objective: The aim of this review is to share our long-term experience in bioassay-guided isolation, and mechanistic studies, of bioactive compounds from different organisms in nature with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.Methods: In the search for anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo and in vitro model combinations with enzymes and cells involved in the inflammatory process have been used, such as cyclooxygenases, human neutrophils and human cancer cell lines. Methods concerning adsorption and perforation of bacteria, fungi, human cells and model membranes, have been developed and optimised, with emphasis on antimicrobial peptides and their interaction with the membrane target, in particular their ability to distinguish host from pathogen.Results: A long-term research has provided experience of selection and combination of bioassay models, which has led to an increased understanding of ethnopharmacological and ecological observations, together with in-depth knowledge of mode of action of isolated compounds.Conclusion: A more multidisciplinary approach and a higher degree of fundamental research in development of bioassays are often necessary to identify and to fully understand the mode of action of bioactive molecules with novel structure-activity relationships from natural sources. Selection and execution of relevant bioassays are critical in the various stages of the discovery process of potential drug leads and targets from natural sources. The aim of this review is to share our long-term experience in bioassay-guided isolation of bioactive compounds from different organisms in nature with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. We conclude that an increased multidisciplinary approach and a higher degree of fundamental research in development of bioassays are essential to discover complex structure-activity relationships.
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