| 11. |
- Currie, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Interactive Audit System : 10 Years' Experience with an International Web-Based Clinical and Research Perioperative Care Database
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. - : Thieme Medical Publishers. - 1531-0043 .- 1530-9681. ; 32:1, s. 75-81
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a managed care program that has shown the ability to reduce complications following elective colorectal surgery. In 2006, the ERAS (R) Society developed the ERAS (R) Interactive Audit System (EIAS), which has allowed centers in over 20 countries to enter perioperative patient data to benchmark against international practice within the audit system and act as a stimulus for quality improvement. The de-identified patient data are coded in SQL (a relational database), stored on secure servers, and data governance aspects have been secured in all involved countries. A collaborative approach is undertaken within involved units toward research questions with published cohort data from the audit system having demonstrated the importance of overall compliance on improving patient outcomes and less cost of care. The EIAS has shown that collaborative clinical effort can drive quality improvement in a short time frame in an international context.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ferreira, Carla S. S., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater quality in the vicinity of a dumpsite in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geography and Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2096-7438 .- 2666-6839. ; 4:4, s. 379-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inappropriate management of municipal solid waste dumpsites is a major cause of groundwater contamination in developing countries, but the extent of the problem is not known. This study investigated groundwater quality in the vicinity of Olusosun dumpsite in Lagos, Nigeria, the most populous city in sub-Saharan Africa. During 2020, monthly groundwater samples were collected in 17 wells and boreholes used as drinking water sources, and analysed for 20 physico-chemical parameters. Differences between sites and seasons were statistically assessed, together with changes in water quality index (WQI). The results indicated that heavy metals (Pb2+, Ni+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Cr6+), cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+), total hardness and pH were the main parameters impairing water quality. Drinking water quality standards from both the World Health Organization and Nigeria government were exceeded more often in the wet season than in the dry season. Some groundwater properties were negatively correlated with distance to dumpsite (e.g., Fe2+, Pb2+, NO3−). Significant differences between sites were identified, but with no clear spatial trend. WQI varied from excellent (6%–24% of the sites over the study period) to unsuitable for drinking water purposes (12%–18%), with good quality prevailing at most sites (35%–47%). Although groundwater quality declined at 24% of the sites over 2020, the results indicated improvements compared with previous decades. Remediation strategies must be implemented to safeguard public health and the sustainability of water resources.
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| 14. |
- Ferreira, C. S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Human impacts on soil
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 644, s. 830-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Ferreira, C. S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Land-Use Changes on Spatiotemporal Suspended Sediment Dynamics within a Peri-Urban Catchment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding sediment dynamics in peri-urban catchments constitutes a research challenge because of the spatiotemporal complexity and variability of land-uses involved. This study investigates differences in the concentration of total sediments (TSC) and suspended sediments (SSC) in the small peri-urban Mediterranean Ribeira dos Covoes catchment (40% urban area) in central Portugal. Suspended sediment responses at the catchment outlet (E) and in three upstream sub-catchments, during periods of urbanization (2011-2013) and stabilizing land-use (2017-2018) are compared for storm-event datasets encompassing similar ranges of rainstorm sizes and antecedent rainfall condition. The Quinta sub-catchment, with the lowest urban area (22%) but subject to major construction activities affecting 17% of its area, led to highest TSC and SSC during urbanization (attaining 4320 mg/L and 4184 mg/L, respectively), and a median reduction of 38% and 69%, respectively, during stabilization. Espirito Santo sub-catchment, with highest urban area (49%) and minor construction activities, displayed similar median TSC in both periods (258-240 mg/L) but highest SSC reduction (76%), highlighting the impact of the anthropogenic disturbance mainly on fine-particle sediments and a good connectivity with the stream. Porto Bordalo sub-catchment, with 39% urban area and subject to the construction of a four-line road covering 1.5% of its area, showed the lowest TSC and SSC concentrations and the lowest median reductions in both periods (31% and 64%, correspondingly), mainly because of the impact of an unplanned retention basin established with soil from the construction site. Overall, median TSC and SSC reduced 14% and 59% at E, from urbanization to stabilization. Information about sediment dynamics should guide stakeholders in establishing strategies to reduce sediment loads and mitigate the impacts on urban aquatic ecosystems.
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| 16. |
- Ferreira, Carla S.S., et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of land use and land cover changes on soil erosion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Soil and Land Surface Processes: Monitoring, Mapping, and Modeling. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 229-248
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil erosion is a major degradation process affecting many regions worldwide and impairing the ability of soil to provide ecosystem services. This chapter provides a brief overview of the soil erosion processes and their susceptibility in different land uses, including agricultural, forest, and urban land, as well as different soil management practices that have been implemented to mitigate the problem. Additionally, this chapter synthesizes information regarding the use of remote sensing to support soil erosion assessments, providing examples of remote sensing data used in different studies to support soil erosion modeling.
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| 17. |
- Ferreira, Carla S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 1-7, s. 1-7
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods are one of the most common natural disasters affecting numerous people worldwide. Over the last years, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have gained attention as an emerging approach for flood mitigation that can complement traditional grey infrastructures. NBS provide several ecosystem services, including flood mitigation and improved water quality. Increasing political awareness and interest from the scientific community have led to the implementation of NBS worldwide. This contribution provides an overview of the concept of NBS for flood mitigation, focusing on (1) the environmental impacts of NBS, (2) the effectiveness of NBS in flood mitigation based on several case studies, and (3) the socio-economic aspects of NBS. Compiling the latest research, this book furthers our understanding of the role of NBS for flood mitigation and its relation to environmental aspects, to guide students, managers, practitioners, policy-makers, and scientists in future NBS projects.
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| 18. |
- Ferreira, Carla Sofia Santos, et al.
(författare)
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Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation and Resilience in Urban Areas
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030775049 - 9783030775056 ; , s. 59-78, s. 59-78
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban areas face several environmental problems and risks related to water management, such as floods and degradation of water quality, enhancing population vulnerability and threatening urban sustainability. These problems are expected to be exacerbated with increasing urbanization and climate change, which leads to higher frequency and intensity of hydrometeorological extremes. Moving towards more flood resilient cities has proven a major challenge, particularly considering the high concentration of population and economic activities and, thus, high pressure on limited available space. Nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban areas favour stormwater retention, infiltration, and filtration, contributing to flood mitigation and enhancement of water quality. The effectiveness of different NBS on stormwater management, however, is influenced by design and placement aspects, but a network of connected NBS elements can improve flood mitigation and enhance urban resilience. Stronger evidence of the advantages of NBS, however, is still required to overcome the current challenges and barriers impairing their wider implementation in urban areas.
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| 19. |
- Ferreira, Carla S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Soil degradation in the European Mediterranean region : Processes, status and consequences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 805
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil, a non-renewable resource, sustains life on Earth by supporting around 95% of global food production and providing ecosystem services such as biomass production, filtration of contaminants and transfer of mass and energy between spheres. Unsustainable management practices and climate change are threatening the natural capital of soils, particularly in the Mediterranean region, where increasing population, rapid land-use changes, associated socio-economic activities and climate change are imposing high pressures on the region's shallow soils. Despite evidence of high soil susceptibility to degradation and desertification, the true extent of soil degradation in the region is unknown. This paper reviews and summarises the scientific literature and relevant official reports, with the aim to advance this knowledge by synthesizing, mapping, and identifying gaps regarding the status, causes, and consequences of soil degradation processes in the European Mediterranean region. This is needed as scientific underpinning of efforts to counteract soil degradation in the region. Three main degradation categories are then considered: physical (soil sealing, compaction, erosion), chemical (soil organic matter, contamination, salinisation), and biological. We find some degradation processes to be relatively well documented (e.g. soil erosion), while others, such as loss of biodiversity, remain poorly addressed, with limited data availability. We suggest establishment of a continuous, harmonised soil monitoring system at national and regional scale in the Mediterranean region to provide comparable datasets and chart the spatial extent and temporal changes in soil degradation, and corresponding economic implications. This is critical to support decision making and fulfilment of related sustainable development goals.
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| 20. |
- Jones, A Wayne, et al.
(författare)
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Drug poisoning deaths in Sweden show a predominance of ethanol in mono-intoxications, adverse drug-alcohol interactions and poly-drug use
- 2011
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Ingår i: FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0379-0738. ; 206:1-3, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over a 10-year period (1998-2007) all deaths in Sweden classified by forensic pathologists as fatal drug poisonings (N = 6894) were retrieved from a toxicology database (TOXBASE) belonging to the National Board of Forensic Medicine. The deaths were further classified as suicides N = 2288 (33%), undetermined N = 2260 (33%) and accidental N = 2346 (34%). The average age (+/- SD) of all victims was 49.1 +/- 15.9 years and men 47.4 +/- 15.6 years were 5-year younger than women 52.2 +/- 15.8 years (p andlt; 0.01). Most of the deceased (78%) were poly-drug users although a single drug (mono-intoxications) was found in 22% of all poisoning deaths (p andlt; 0.001). The number of drugs in blood samples varied from 1 to 12 with a median of 3-4 per case. Mono-intoxication deaths were mostly ethanol-related (N = 976) and the mean and median blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) was 3.06 g/L and 3.10 g/L, respectively. The BAC decreased as the number of additional drugs in blood increased from 2.15 g/L with one drug to 1.25 g/L with 6 or more drugs. The mean (median) concentrations of non-alcohol drugs in mono-intoxication deaths were morphine (N = 93) 0.5 mg/L (0.2 mg/L), amphetamine (N = 39) 2.0 mg/L (1.2 mg/L), dextropropoxyphene (N = 33) 3.9 mg/L (2.9 mg/L), dihydro-propiomazine (N = 32) 1.6 mg/L (1.0 mg/L) and 7-amino-flunitrazepam (N = 28), 0.4 mg/L (0.3 mg/ L). Elevated blood morphine in these poisoning deaths mostly reflected abuse of heroin as verified by finding 6-monoacetyl morphine (6-MAM) in the blood samples. When investigating drug poisoning deaths a comprehensive toxicological analysis is essential although the results do not reveal the extent of prior exposure to drugs or the development of pharmacological tolerance. The concentrations of drugs determined in post-mortem blood are one element in the case. The autopsy report, the police investigation, the findings at the scene and eye-witness statements should all be carefully considered when the cause and manner of death are determined.
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