| 11. |
- Bernardi, Simona, et al.
(författare)
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Model-driven availability evaluation of railway control systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2011. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642242694 ; , s. 15-28
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintenance of real-world systems is a complex task involving several actors, procedures and technologies. Proper approaches are needed in order to evaluate the impact of different maintenance policies considering cost/benefit factors. To that aim, maintenance models may be used within availability, performability or safety models, the latter developed using formal languages according to the requirements of international standards. In this paper, a model-driven approach is described for the development of formal maintenance and reliability models for the availability evaluation of repairable systems. The approach facilitates the use of formal models which would be otherwise difficult to manage, and provides the basis for automated models construction. Starting from an extension to maintenance aspects of the MARTE-DAM profile for dependability analysis, an automated process based on model-to-model transformations is described. The process is applied to generate a Repairable Fault Trees model from the MARTE-DAM specification of the Radio Block Centre - a modern railway controller. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
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| 12. |
- Besinovic, Nikola, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Intelligence in Railway Transport : Taxonomy, Regulations, and Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print). - : IEEE. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:9, s. 14011-14024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming pervasive in most engineering domains, and railway transport is no exception. However, due to the plethora of different new terms and meanings associated with them, there is a risk that railway practitioners, as several other categories, will get lost in those ambiguities and fuzzy boundaries, and hence fail to catch the real opportunities and potential of machine learning, artificial vision, and big data analytics, just to name a few of the most promising approaches connected to AI. The scope of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts and possible applications of AI to railway academics and practitioners. To that aim, this paper presents a structured taxonomy to guide researchers and practitioners to understand AI techniques, research fields, disciplines, and applications, both in general terms and in close connection with railway applications such as autonomous driving, maintenance, and traffic management. The important aspects of ethics and explainability of AI in railways are also introduced. The connection between AI concepts and railway subdomains has been supported by relevant research addressing existing and planned applications in order to provide some pointers to promising directions.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bucaioni, Alessio, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Model-Based Performability Evaluation of Production Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Work-in-progress at IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation WIP@ETFA. - 9781728189567 ; , s. 1085-1088
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future smart factories will be increasingly required to predict expected performance and dependability metrics related to their production processes. Domain-specific metrics include overall equipment effectiveness that measures production system availability/uptime, performance/speed and output quality. In this work-in-progress paper, we take initial steps towards a model-based approach to evaluate production-specific metrics using domain-specific languages, model transformations and stochastic modelling formalism
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| 15. |
- Canonico, R., et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Generation of Domain-Aware Control Plane Logic for Software Defined Railway Communication Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13704. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783031197611 ; , s. 308-320
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of 5G technologies opens up new opportunities for railway communications. One of the foundational aspects of 5G architecture is its control-plane programmability, which can be achieved through Software Defined Networking (SDN). In railway scenarios, this can be used to dynamically reconfigure the network for a more effective and efficient management of communication flows produced by moving trains. The paper presents a framework for integrating modelling and analysis tools into a programmable control plane specifically tailored to railway communications. We introduce the concept of domain-awareness in the network control plane as an SDN-enabled feature that allows achieving application-specific advantages besides those purely expressed in terms of key performance indicators such as the quality of service. We propose a reference architecture in which domain-awareness in the control plane is obtained by considering information gathered by network devices and ad-hoc communication gateways that are able to detect relevant signalling events. In the architecture, the actual behaviour of the SDN controller is governed by applications that are able to react to specific triggers and re-configure network devices accordingly. We also provide a methodological framework based on model-driven engineering and formal methods, including dynamic state machines, for the automatic generation of SDN control plane logic.
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| 16. |
- Capano, B., et al.
(författare)
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ICT in the era of Open Innovation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mondo Digitale. - : Associazione Italiana per l'Informatica e il Calcolo Automatico. - 1720-898X. ; 15:69, s. 221-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the increasingly fast technological advancement of the ICT world, 'hi-tech' industries feel a growing need to open to the external world of research and innovation. The usage of external innovation sources allows overcoming the limits of internal resources in terms of capacities, skills and creativity. With respect to the traditional concept of "Closed Innovation", that is the innovation constrained within the internal R&D departments, the "Open Innovation" paradigm leverages on tools that enable importing external resources, thus boosting the quality and quantity of innovative technological solutions. In this paper the basic concepts and the possible "Open Innovation" applications will be presented, starting from the introduction of the paradigm as invented by Henry William Chesbrough in 2003. Furthermore, methodologies and computer tools will be described that are widely adopted to apply the paradigm to industrial settings, as well as the possible barriers to its implementation. Lastly, given the importance of universities, research centers and other companies as external sources for Open Innovation, some pointers will be provided to the selection process of technology innovation partners.
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| 17. |
- Caporuscio, Mauro, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Smart-troubleshooting connected devices : Concept, challenges and opportunities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Future generations computer systems. - : Elsevier. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 111, s. 681-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s digital world and evolving technology has improved the quality of our lives but it has also come with a number of new threats. In the society of smart-cities and Industry 4.0, where many cyber-physical devices connect and exchange data through the Internet of Things, the need for addressing information security and solve system failures becomes inevitable. System failures can occur because of hardware failures, software bugs or interoperability issues. In this paper we introduce the industry-originated concept of “smart-troubleshooting” that is the set of activities and tools needed to gather failure information generated by heterogeneous connected devices, analyze them, and match them with troubleshooting instructions and software fixes. As a consequence of implementing smart-troubleshooting, the system would be able to self-heal and thus become more resilient. This paper aims to survey frameworks, methodologies and tools related to this new concept, and especially the ones needed to model, analyze and recover from failures in a (semi)automatic way. Smart-troubleshooting has a relation with event analysis to perform diagnostics and prognostics on devices manufactured by different suppliers in a distributed system. It also addresses management of appropriate product information specified in possibly unstructured formats to guide the troubleshooting workflow in identifying fault–causes and solutions. Relevant research is briefly surveyed in the paper in order to highlight current state-of-the-art, open issues, challenges to be tackled and future opportunities in this emerging industry paradigm.
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| 18. |
- Carnevali, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Markovian performability evaluation of ERTMS/ETCS level 3
- 2015
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Ingår i: Computer Performance Engineering. EPEW 2015. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319232669 - 9783319232676 ; , s. 47-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Rail Traffic Management System/European Train Control System (ERTMS/ETCS) is an innovative standard introduced to enhance reliability, safety, performance, and interoperability of trans-European railways. In Level 3, the standard replaces fixed-block safety mechanisms, in which only one train at a time is allowed to be in each railway block, with moving blocks: a train proceeds as long as it receives radio messages ensuring that the track ahead is clear of other trains. This mechanism increases line capacity, but relies crucially on the communication link: if messages are lost, the train must stop within a safe deadline even if the track ahead is clear. We develop upon results of the literature to propose an approach for the evaluation of transient availability of the communication channel and probability of train stops due to lost messages. We formulate a non-Markovian model of communication availability and system operation, and leverage solution techniques of the ORIS Tool to provide experimental results in the presence of multiple concurrent activities with non-exponential durations. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
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| 19. |
- Casola, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Freight train monitoring : A case-study for the pSHIELD project
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 6th International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, IMIS 2012. - : IEEE. - 9780769546841 ; , s. 597-602
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded Systems (ES) are increasingly being used in critical applications, where Security, Privacy and Dependability (SPD) attributes are essential. The pSHIELD research project, funded in the framework of the European ARTEMIS program, introduces some innovative approaches to address SPD issues for ES. In this paper, after an introduction to the scope of the pSHIELD project, we describe a case study application to the monitoring of freight trains transporting hazardous materials. The application uses heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to measure environmental parameters like temperature, vibrations and transmit them to the security control center. The sensors are integrated by means of an appropriate middleware and data is elaborated by a specfically developed application. We report the architecture and the results achieved by testing the application and some of its relevant SPD functionalities, including data criptography, in a real railway environment. © 2012 IEEE.
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| 20. |
- Casola, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of video analytics for surveillance on-board trains
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems. ACIVS 2013.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319028941 - 9783319028958 ; , s. 414-425
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time video-surveillance systems are nowadays widespread in several applications, including public transportation. In those applications, the use of automatic video content analytics (VCA) is being increasingly adopted to support human operators in control rooms. However, VCA is only effective when its performances are such to reduce the number of false positive alarms below acceptability thresholds while still detecting events of interest. In this paper, we report the results of the evaluation of a VCA system installed on a rail transit vehicle. With respect to fixed installations, on-board ones feature specific constraints on camera installation, obstacles, environment, etc. Several VCA performance evaluation metrics have been considered, both frame-based and object-based, computed by a tool developed in Matlab. We compared the results obtained using a commercial VCA system with the ones produced by an open-source one, showing the higher performance of the former in all test conditions. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.
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