| 11. |
- Heilig, M, et al.
(författare)
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The dual-diagnosis concept used by Swedish social workers: limited validity upon examination using a structured diagnostic approach
- 2002
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Ingår i: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338. ; 17:6, s. 363-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A co-existence of chemical dependence and other psychiatric syndromes is commonly referred to as “dual-diagnosis.” This categorization is commonly made by social workers in several European countries assigned the primary responsibility for the care of drug and alcohol dependence. Here, we examined the validity of this categorization through systematic, structured patient evaluation following a minimum of 3 weeks of abstinence from drugs and alcohol. Less than one-third of patients originally labelled as suffering from “dual-diagnosis” by the social services did in fact obtain any Axis I DSM IIIR diagnosis, and less than half of the patients had any psychiatric diagnosis other than dependence. Syndromes commonly discussed in the context of self-medication, i.e., unipolar depression and anxiety syndromes, were not over-represented compared to a population sample, while chronic psychoses and bipolar syndromes were highly significantly more common. We conclude that the dual-diagnosis concept, unless substantiated through stringent diagnostic procedures by psychiatrically trained personnel, may be of questionable utility in caring for patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms and substance dependence. A systematic individual evaluation in an alcohol- and drug-free state of sufficient duration is necessary to obtain a basis for an adequate individual treatment plan.
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| 15. |
- Bratteby Tollerz, Linda U, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of energy cost calculations in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and healthy controls
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:12, s. 1616-1620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study test-retest reliability of physiological cost index (PCI) and total cost index (TCI) in three groups of children. TCI modified PCI by excluding rest heart rate in calculation. Methods: Energy cost was evaluated from two consecutive walking tests, and results were compared between methods, tests and groups. Thirty-nine children, eight with cerebral palsy, 11 with cystic fibrosis and 20 healthy controls, aged 5-16 years participated in the study conducted at the Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Heart rate was recorded during sitting and walking at self-selected speed. PCI and TCI were calculated using both non-steady-state and steady-state work heart rates. Test-retest reliability was analysed by mean of differences, pooled SD, coefficient of variation (CV%) and correlation coefficients. Results: Reliability was high for PCI and TCI. TCI showed consistently lower variation between tests than PCI for all groups. In the group with cerebral palsy, using non-steady-state showed highest reliability. Conclusion: Both PCI and TCI were reliable methods when calculating energy cost in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and controls. TCI seemed to be a suitable alternative in the evaluation of gait efficiency in children.
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| 20. |
- Tollerz, Linda. U. Bratteby, et al.
(författare)
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Children with cerebral palsy do not achieve healthy physical activity levels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:11, s. 1125-1129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThis study compared daily activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children with cerebral palsy with a control group and investigated whether the children achieved healthy levels of physical activity. MethodsWe enrolled eight children with bilateral cerebral palsy, from eight to 10years of age, and a group of controls matched for age and gender. For three days, physical activity was simultaneously measured by accelerometers and self-reports using a diary. The daily AEE results were compared between groups and methods. The number of children that achieved healthy physical activity levels in each group was explored. ResultsChildren with cerebral palsy had significantly lower daily AEE, as measured by accelerometers, than the controls, and they did not achieve the healthy moderate to heavy physical activity level defined in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Self-reports using the diaries resulted in an overestimation of physical activity compared with the ankle accelerometer measurements in both groups. ConclusionOur investigation of physical activity in children with cerebral palsy and controls using accelerometers and a diary found low levels of daily AEE and physical activity, and these results were most prominent in the group with cerebral palsy. The diaries overestimated physical activity in both groups.
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