| 11. |
- Lendel, Christofer, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Hexameric Peptide Barrel as Building Block of Amyloid-β Protofibrils
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 53:47, s. 12756-12760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligomeric and protofibrillar aggregates formed by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) are believed to be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Central to Alzheimer pathology is also the fact that the longer Aβ42 peptide is more prone to aggregation than the more prevalent Aβ40. Detailed structural studies of Aβ oligomers and protofibrils have been impeded by aggregate heterogeneity and instability. We previously engineered a variant of Aβ that forms stable protofibrils and here we use solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to derive a structural model of these. NMR data are consistent with packing of residues 16 to 42 of Aβ protomers into hexameric barrel-like oligomers within the protofibril. The core of the oligomers consists of all residues of the central and C-terminal hydrophobic regions of Aβ, and hairpin loops extend from the core. The model accounts for why Aβ42 forms oligomers and protofibrils more easily than Aβ40.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lindberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Staphylococcal display for combinatorial protein engineering of a head-to-tail affibody dimer binding the Alzheimer amyloid-ss peptide
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1860-6768 .- 1860-7314. ; 8:1, s. 139-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously generated an affibody molecule for the disease-associated amyloid beta (A beta) peptide, which has been shown to inhibit the formation of various A beta aggregates and revert the neurotoxicity of A beta in a fruit fly model of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we have investigated a new bacterial display system for combinatorial protein engineering of the A beta-binder as a head-to-tail dimeric construct for future optimization efforts, e.g. affinity maturation. Using the bacterial display platform, we have: (i) demonstrated functional expression of the dimeric binder on the cell surface, (ii) determined the affinity and investigated the pH sensitivity of the interaction, (iii) demonstrated the importance of an intramolecular disulfide bond through selections from a cell-displayed combinatorial library, as well as (iv) investigated the effects from rational truncation of the N-terminal part of the affibody molecule on surface expression level and A beta binding. Overall, the detailed engineering and characterization of this promising A beta-specific affibody molecule have yielded valuable insights concerning its unusual binding mechanism. The results also demonstrated that our bacterial display system is a suitable technology for future protein engineering and characterization efforts of homo- or heterodimeric affinity proteins.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lindborg, M., et al.
(författare)
-
High-affinity binding to staphylococcal protein A by an engineered dimeric Affibody molecule
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Protein Engineering Design & Selection. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-0126 .- 1741-0134. ; 26:10, s. 635-644
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are engineered binding proteins, in which the three-helix bundle motif of the Z domain derived from protein A is used as a scaffold for sequence variation. We used phage display to select Affibody binders to staphylococcal protein A itself. The best binder, called ZpA963, binds with similar affinity and kinetics to the five homologous E, D, A, B and C domains of protein A, and to a five-domain protein A construct with an average dissociation constant, K-D, of 20 nM. The structure of ZpA963 in complex with the Z domain shows that it interacts with a surface on Z that is identical in the five protein A domains, which explains the multi-domain affinity. This property allows for high-affinity binding by dimeric Affibody molecules that simultaneously engage two protein A domains in a complex. We studied two ZpA963 dimers in which the subunits were linked by a C-terminal disulfide in a symmetric dimer or head-to-tail in a fusion protein, respectively. The dimers both bind protein A with high affinity, very slow off-rates and with saturation-dependent kinetics that can be understood in terms of dimer binding to multiple sites. The head-to-tail (ZpA963)(2)htt dimer binds with an off-rate of k(off) 5 10(6) s(1) and an estimated K-D 16 pM. The results illustrate how dimers of selected monomer binding proteins can provide an efficient route for engineering of high-affinity binders to targets that contain multiple homologous domains or repeated structural units.
|
|
| 14. |
- Mitternacht, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing the folding free-energy landscapes of Abeta42 variants with different aggregation properties.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proteins. - : Wiley. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134. ; 78:12, s. 2600-2608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of the amyloid-beta peptide that lead to aggregation associated with Alzheimer's disease are not fully understood. This study aims at identifying conformational differences among four variants of full-length Abeta42 that are known to display very different aggregation properties. By extensive all-atom Monte Carlo simulations, we find that a variety of beta-sheet structures with distinct turns are readily accessible for full-length Abeta42. In the simulations, wild type (WT) Abeta42 preferentially populates two major classes of conformations, either extended with high beta-sheet content or more compact with lower beta-sheet content. The three mutations studied alter the balance between these classes. Strong mutational effects are observed in a region centered at residues 23-26, where WT Abeta42 tends to form a turn. The aggregation-accelerating E22G mutation associated with early onset of Alzheimer's disease makes this turn region conformationally more diverse, whereas the aggregation-decelerating F20E mutation has the reverse effect, and the E22G/I31E mutation reduces the turn population. Comparing results for the four Abeta42 variants, we identify specific conformational properties of residues 23-26 that might play a key role in aggregation. Proteins 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
|
|
| 15. |
- Mitternacht, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Monte Carlo Study of the Formation and Conformational Properties of Dimers of Aβ42 Variants.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1089-8638 .- 0022-2836. ; 410:2, s. 357-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small soluble oligomers, as well as dimers in particular, of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) are believed to play an important pathological role in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we investigate the spontaneous dimerization of Aβ42, with 42 residues, by implicit solvent all-atom Monte Carlo simulations, for the wild-type peptide and the mutants F20E, E22G and E22G/I31E. The observed dimers of these variants share many overall conformational characteristics but differ in several aspects at a detailed level. In all four cases, the most common type of secondary structure is intramolecular antiparallel β-sheets. Parallel, in-register β-sheet structure, as in models for Aβ fibrils, is rare. The primary force driving the formation of dimers is hydrophobic attraction. The conformational differences that we do see involve turns centered in the 20-30 region. The probability of finding turns centered in the 25-30 region, where there is a loop in Aβ fibrils, is found to increase upon dimerization and to correlate with experimentally measured rates of fibril formation for the different Aβ42 variants. Our findings hint at reorganization of this part of the molecule as a potentially critical step in Aβ aggregation.
|
|
| 16. |
- Sandberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Stabilization of neurotoxic Alzheimer amyloid-beta oligomers by protein engineering
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:35, s. 15595-15600
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soluble oligomeric aggregates of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the conformation adopted by Abeta within these aggregates is not known, a beta-hairpin conformation is known to be accessible to monomeric Abeta. Here we show that this beta-hairpin is a building block of toxic Abeta oligomers by engineering a double-cysteine mutant (called Abetacc) in which the beta-hairpin is stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. Abeta(40)cc and Abeta(42)cc both spontaneously form stable oligomeric species with distinct molecular weights and secondary-structure content, but both are unable to convert into amyloid fibrils. Biochemical and biophysical experiments and assays with conformation-specific antibodies used to detect Abeta aggregates in vivo indicate that the wild-type oligomer structure is preserved and stabilized in Abetacc oligomers. Stable oligomers are expected to become highly toxic and, accordingly, we find that beta-sheet-containing Abeta(42)cc oligomers or protofibrillar species formed by these oligomers are 50 times more potent inducers of neuronal apoptosis than amyloid fibrils or samples of monomeric wild-type Abeta(42), in which toxic aggregates are only transiently formed. The possibility of obtaining completely stable and physiologically relevant neurotoxic Abeta oligomer preparations will facilitate studies of their structure and role in the pathogenesis of AD. For example, here we show how kinetic partitioning into different aggregation pathways can explain why Abeta(42) is more toxic than the shorter Abeta(40), and why certain inherited mutations are linked to protofibril formation and early-onset AD.
|
|
| 17. |
- Wallin, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Folding-Reaction Coupling in a Self-Cleaving Protein
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 8:10, s. 3871-3879
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backbone torsional strain has been implicated as a cause of rate enhancement in a class of autoprocessing proteins performing proteolysis and protein splicing. In the autoproteolytic protein domain SEA, folding and proteolytic activity have experimentally been shown to be coupled with about 7 kcal/mol of folding free energy available for catalysis. Here, we have examined the catalytic strategy of SEA with molecular dynamics simulations, potential of mean force free energy profiles, and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) density functional calculations. A quantitative estimate of the free energy stored as protein strain (about 8 kcal/mol), that is available for catalyzing the cleavage reaction, is obtained and found to be in excellent agreement with thermodynamic and kinetic data. It is further shown that there is strong coupling between folding and reaction coordinates leading to reactant state destabilization in the direction of folding and transition state stabilization along the reaction coordinate. This situation is different from the preorganized active site model in that the fully folded transition state stabilizing structure is not realized until the reaction barrier is surmounted.
|
|
