| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Byass, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The role of demographic surveillance systems (DSS) in assessing the health of communities : an example from rural Ethiopia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:3, s. 145-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal demographic surveillance systems (DSSs) in selected populations can provide important information in situations where routine health information is incomplete or absent, particularly in developing countries. The Butajira Rural Health Project is one such example, initiated in rural Ethiopia in 1987. DSSs rely on regular community-based surveillance as a means of vital event registration, among a sufficient population base to draw meaningful conclusions about rates and trends in relatively rare events such as maternal death. Enquiries into specific health problems can also then use this framework to quantify particular issues or evaluate interventions. Demographic characteristics and trends for a rural Ethiopian population over a 10-y period are presented as an illustration of the DSS approach, based on 336 000 person-years observed. Overall life expectancy at birth was 50 y. Demographic parameters generally showed modest trends towards improvement over the 10-y period. The DSS approach is useful in characterising populations at the community level over a period of time, providing important information for health planning and intervention. Methodological issues underlying this approach need further exploration and development.
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| 13. |
- DeLisle, J., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable real estate : An empirical study of the behavioural response of developers and investors to the LEED rating system
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Property Investment & Finance. - : Emerald. - 1463-578X .- 1470-2002. ; 31:1, s. 10-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED-certified buildings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper explores the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED-certified buildings. The durability of certification levels is explored by converting projects developed under the initial NC2-series system to a new vintage rating adopted in 2009. This conversion is made by applying Lagrangian multipliers to model stochastic impacts. Findings: The study reveals that 18 percent of 591 projects developed under the NC2-Series were "misclassified" in terms of certification levels when converted to new NCv2009 standards. To the extent the market has pursued LEED certification levels, the unanticipated changes may have led to the adoption short-term solutions that are inappropriate due to the long-term nature of real estate assets. Research limitations/implications: Given the complexity of the LEED rating system, it is unknown how the market will react to the lack of durability and approach pricing over the long-term. Practical implications: The results indicate market participants should adopt a proactive approach to LEED certification. Originality/value: The study identifies significant dynamics in the LEED certification system for new construction and behavioural responses that have not been reported in the literature.
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| 14. |
- Glimelius, B, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in some major tumour types--summary and conclusions
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X. ; 40, s. 135-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report by The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) reviews, classifies, and grades the scientific literature on cancer chemotherapy in some major tumour types, describes the practice of chemotherapy in Sweden, compares practice with scientific knowledge, and analyses the costs and cost-effectiveness of chemotherapy. The report is intended primarily for decision-makers at various levels, both practitioners and administrators. It is also of interest for the medical profession. The extensive body of scientific literature was reviewed according to strict criteria that reflected the scientific weight of the literature. Sixteen experts representing different disciplines (oncology, surgery, internal medicine, health economy and quality of life research) participated in the literature review. Each section was discussed within the project group and was reviewed by at least one, but usually two international researchers. Additional input was provided by national experts representing different scientific disciplines. For the final evaluation to be as close to the objective truth as possible, a concerted effort was made to guarantee objectivity and thorough assessment of current knowledge about the effects of chemotherapy on the selected cancers. The tumour types selected for this assessment include firstly those types where three investigations had shown an increased use of chemotherapy in Sweden during the latest decade. These were non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. Secondly, the two tumour types comprising the greatest number of patients treated with chemotherapy in Sweden, breast cancer and haematological malignancies, were included. Among the haematological malignancies, the most prevalent ones, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the large B-cell type and indolent NHL of follicular type were evaluated. These constitute about 75%, of all haematological malignancies. Thirdly, ovarian cancer was included since chemotherapy has been extensively used and since, at the time of the planning of this overview, a group of very expensive drugs, the taxanes, had preliminarily shown promising results. A wealth of scientific literature has been published on cancer therapy. The review presented in this report is limited to scientific studies judged to be important for evaluating chemotherapy efficacy. Assessments of the content and quality of these studies, and a critical summary of the results in all stages of the selected tumours, have never before been attempted in this way. However, similar comprehensive overviews of certain stages of the tumours have previously been made. These overviews were also critically evaluated. Totally 1,496 studies involving 558,743 patients were reviewed. The survey of practice of chemotherapy use involved all departments of surgery, urology, gynaecology, internal medicine including haematologic units, pulmonary medicine and general and gynaecologic oncology at 16 hospitals in two health care regions in Sweden, covering 39% of the Swedish population. During the 4 weeks of the survey, all patients with the diagnoses concerned who received chemotherapy were registered. The study included 1,590 patients. The working group's general conclusions are summarised in the following points: The literature on the effects of chemotherapy is extensive. Chemotherapy has a well-documented role in the curative and palliative treatment of patients with several types of cancer. The use of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for the possibility of cure in certain tumour types. In other tumours, chemotherapy increases the possibility of cure when added to local and regional treatments, particularly surgery. In the instances of no possibility of cure, chemotherapy may to a variable extent improve both patient survival and well-being. In Sweden chemotherapy is largely used in accordance with that documented in the scientific literature. The extent of both over- and under-treatment seems to be limited but cannot be excluded at the individual patient level. The literature-based knowledge is scientifically of lower quality in the most chemotherapy sensitive tumours than in tumours showing more limited sensitivity. In the more sensitive tumours, positive effects on a symptomatic stage and survival were seen several decades ago. In those days, clinical treatment studies did not fulfil the current high quality requirements. Small life-prolonging effects of chemotherapy are sometimes very well documented in large, high quality scientific studies. Some of these s
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| 15. |
- Henic, E, et al.
(författare)
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Nytt behandlingsprogram vid avancerad ovarialcancer. Tillfredsställande resultat med decentraliserad cytostatikaterapi
- 1998
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 95:22, s. 8-2574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A trial of decentralised cytostatic (carboplatin + cyclophosphamide) treatment of advanced ovarian cancer under centralised supervision, carried out in the southern health care region, yielded good results. As carboplatin and cyclophosphamide cause myelosuppression which is commonly most manifest two weeks after treatment, increasing dosage intervals and reducing dosages is often necessary. However, compliance with the protocol for increasing dosage intervals and reducing dosages was found to be equally good at Lund and at the various local clinics. Although no significant difference in survival was found between patients treated with carboplatin and cyclophosphamide according to this model and patients treated with cisplatin combined with doxorubicin or epirubicin (P = 0.42), the former protocol is more appropriate for use in the out-patient clinic.
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| 16. |
- Hoffecker, Ian T., et al.
(författare)
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Stochastic modeling of antibody binding predicts programmable migration on antigen patterns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Computational Science. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-8457. ; 2:3, s. 179-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viruses and bacteria commonly exhibit spatial repetition of the surface molecules that directly interface with the host immune system. However, the complex interaction of patterned surfaces with immune molecules containing multiple binding domains is poorly understood. We developed a pipeline for constructing mechanistic models of antibody interactions with patterned antigen substrates. Our framework relies on immobilized DNA origami nanostructures decorated with precisely placed antigens. The results revealed that antigen spacing is a spatial control parameter that can be tuned to influence the antibody residence time and migration speed. The model predicts that gradients in antigen spacing can drive persistent, directed antibody migration in the direction of more stable spacing. These results depict antibody–antigen interactions as a computational system where antigen geometry constrains and potentially directs the antibody movement. We propose that this form of molecular programmability could be exploited during the co-evolution of pathogens and immune systems or in the design of molecular machines.
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| 17. |
- Hugosson, Håkan Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of the effects of substitutions on the phase stabilities of Ti1-xAlxN
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 93:8, s. 4505-4511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed ab initio studies of the effect of substitutions on the phase stabilities of Ti1-xAlxN, x=0-1. The nonmetal substitutions studied include B, C, O, and Si. Metal substitutions studied include Sc, Zr, V, Cr, and Mn. The main objective has been to suggest substitutions that increase the thermal stability of the NaCl structure of Ti1-xAlxN at high Al contents. From these extensive and consistent calculations, some possible avenues for such stabilization present themselves, among which substitution with nonmetal C and Si, and metal V, Cr, and Mn are found to be the most promising.
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| 18. |
- Häll, Carl Henrik, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A modeling system for simulation of dial-a-ride services
- 2012
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Ingår i: Public Transport. - Berlin / Heidelberg : Springer. - 1866-749X .- 1613-7159. ; 4:1, s. 17-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a modeling system for simulation of dial-a-ride services. It can be used as a tool for understanding and study how different designs, and different ways to operate a dial-a-ride service, affect the performance and efficiency of the service. The system simulates the operation of a dynamic dial-a-ride service that operates with multiple fleets of vehicles with different capacities, schedules and depots. It can be used to investigate how the setting of service and cost parameters and the design of the service affect the total cost for the operator and level of service for the customer. We describe the different modules in the system and the possible uses of the system. A short simulation study is performed to exemplify how it can be used. In this study the effects of including costs for customer discomfort are evaluated.
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| 19. |
- Högberg, D., et al.
(författare)
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Liquid-crystalline dye-sensitized solar cells : Design of two-dimensional molecular assemblies for efficient ion transport and thermal stability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 28:18, s. 6493-6500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanostructured liquid-crystalline (LC) electrolytes have been developed for efficient and stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Two types of ionic LC assemblies for electrolytes have been designed: (i) noncovalent assemblies of two-component mixtures consisting of I2-doped imidazolium ionic liquids and carbonate-terminated mesogenic compounds (noncovalent type) and (ii) single-component mesogenic compounds covalently bonding an imidazolium moiety doped with I2 (covalent type). These mesogenic compounds are designed with flexible oligooxyethylene spacers connecting the mesogenic and the polar moieties. The oligooxyethylene-based material design inhibits crystallization and leads to enhanced ion transport as compared to alkyl-linked analogues due to the higher flexibility of the oligooxyethylene spacer. The noncovalent type mixtures exhibit a more than 10 times higher I3- diffusion coefficient compared to the covalent type assemblies. DSSCs containing the noncovalent type liquid crystals show power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 5.8 ± 0.2% at 30 °C and 0.9 ± 0.1% at 120 °C. In contrast, solar cells containing the covalent type electrolytes show significant increase in PCE up to 2.4 ± 0.1% at 120 °C and show superior performance to the noncovalent type-based devices at temperature above 90 °C. Furthermore, the LC-DSSCs exhibit excellent long-term stability over 1000 h. These novel electrolyte designs open unexplored paths for the development of DSSCs capable of efficient conversion of light to electricity in a wide range of temperatures.
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| 20. |
- Högberg, G, et al.
(författare)
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Active multimodal psychotherapy in children and adolescents with suicidality: description, evaluation and clinical profile
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical child psychology and psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1359-1045 .- 1461-7021. ; 13:3, s. 435-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical pattern of 14 youths with presenting suicidality, to describe an integrative treatment approach, and to estimate therapy effectiveness. Fourteen patients aged 10 to 18 years from a child and adolescent outpatient clinic in Stockholm were followed in a case series. The patients were treated with active multimodal psychotherapy. This consisted of mood charting by mood-maps, psycho-education, wellbeing practice and trauma resolution. Active techniques were psychodrama and body—mind focused techniques including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. The patients were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment and at 22 months post treatment with the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The clinical pattern of the group was observed. After treatment there was a significant change towards normality in the Global Assessment of Functioning scale both immediately post-treatment and at 22 months. A clinical pattern, post trauma suicidal reaction, was observed with a combination of suicidality, insomnia, bodily symptoms and disturbed mood regulation. We conclude that in the post trauma reaction suicidality might be a presenting symptom in young people. Despite the shortcomings of a case series the results of this study suggest that a mood-map-based multimodal treatment approach with active techniques might be of value in the treatment of children and youth with suicidality.
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