| 11. |
- Borgström, Magnus, 1973-
(author)
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Controlling Charge and Energy Transfer Processes in Artificial Photosynthesis : From Picosecond to Millisecond Dynamics
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis describes an interdisciplinary project, where the aim is to mimic the initial reactions in photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, the absorption of light is followed by the formation of charge-separated states. The energy stored in these charge-separated states is further used for the oxidation of water and reduction of carbon dioxide. In this thesis the photo-induced processes in a range of supramolecular complexes have been investigated with time resolved spectroscopic techniques. The complexes studied consist of three types of units; photosensitizers (P) capable of absorbing light, electron acceptors (A) that are easily reduced and electron donors (D) that are easily oxidised. Our results are important for the future design of artificial photosystems, where the goal is to produce hydrogen from light and water. Two molecular triads with a D-P-A architecture are presented. In the first one, a photo-induced charge-separated state was formed in an unusually high yield (φ>90%). In the second triad, photo-irradiation led to the formation of an extremely long-lived charge-separated state (τ = 500 ms at 140K). This is also the first synthetically made triad containing a dinuclear manganese unit as electron donor.Further, two sets of P-A dyads are presented. In both, the expected photo-induced reduction of the electron acceptor is diminished due to competing energy transfer to the triplet state of the acceptor.Finally, a P-P-A complex containing two separate photosensitizers is described. The idea is to produce high-energy charge-separated states by using the energy from two photons.
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| 12. |
- Borgström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Light induced manganese oxidation and long-lived charge separation in a Mn-2(II,II)-Ru-II (bpy)(3)-acceptor triad
- 2005
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 127:49, s. 17504-17515
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in a Mn-2(II.II)-R-II-NDI triad (1) ([Mn-2(bpmp)(OAc)(2)](+), bpmp = 2,6-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methyiphenolate and OAc = acetate, R-II = trisbipyridine ruthenium(II), and NDI = naphthalenediimide) have been studied by time-resolved optical and EPR spectroscopy. Complex 1 is the first synthetically linked electron donor-sensitizer-acceptor triad in which a manganese complex plays the role of the donor. EPR spectroscopy was used to directly demonstrate the light induced formation of both products: the oxidized manganese dimer complex (Mn-2(II.III)) and the reduced naphthalenediimide (NDIcenter dot-) acceptor moieties, while optical spectroscopy was used to follow the kinetic evolution of the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) intermediate states and the NDIcenter dot- radical in a wide temperature range. The average lifetime of the NDI- radical is ca. 600 mu s at room temperature, which is at least 2 orders of magnitude longer than that for previously reported triads based on a [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) photosensitizer. At 140 K, this intramolecular recombination was dramatically slowed, displaying a lifetime of 0.1-1 s, which is comparable to many of the naturally occurring charge-separated states in photosynthetic reaction centra. It was found that the long recombination lifetime could be explained by an unusually large reorganization energy (lambda approximate to 2.0 eV), due to a large inner reorganization of the manganese complex. This makes the recombination reaction strongly activated despite the large driving force (-Delta G degrees = 1.07 eV). Thus, the intrinsic properties of the manganese complex are favorable for creating a long-lived charge separation in the "Marcus normal region" also when the charge separated state energy is high.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Borgström, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Sensitized hole injection of phosphorus porphyrin into NiO : Toward new photovoltaic devices
- 2005
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109:48, s. 22928-22934
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the preparation and the characterization of a photovoltaic cell based on the sensitization of a wide band gap p-type semiconductor (NiO) with a phosphorus porphyrin. A photophysical study with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy showed that light excitation of the phosphorus porphyrin chemisorbed on NiO particles induces a very rapid interfacial hole injection into the valence band of NiO, occurring mainly on the 2-20 ps time scale. This is followed by a recombination in which ca. 80% of the ground-state reactants are regenerated within 1 ns. A photoelectrochernical device, prepared with a nanocrystalline NiO electrode coated with the phosphorus porphyrin, yields a cathodic photocurrent indicating that electrons indeed flow from the NiO electrode toward the solution. The low incident-to-photocurrent efficiency (IPCE) can be rationalized by the rapid back recombination reaction between the reduced sensitizer and the injected hole which prevents an efficient regeneration of the sensitizer ground state from the iodide/triiodide redox mediator. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first example of a photovoltaic cell in which a mechanism of hole photoinjection has been characterized.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Chaignon, Frederique, et al.
(author)
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Photoinduced electron transfer in ruthenium(II) trisbipyridine complexes connected to a naphthalenebisimide via an oligo(phenyleneethynylene) spacer
- 2009
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In: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1144-0546 .- 1369-9261. ; 33:2, s. 408-416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The preparation and the characterization of three new dyads composed of a ruthenium trisbipyridine complex linked to a naphthalene bisimide electron acceptor via a phenyleneethynylene spacer of different length (one or two units) are reported. The dyads also differ by the anchoring position of the spacer on the bipyridine, which is appended either at the 4-position or the 5-position. Cyclic voltammetry and the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy suggested that the spacer linked at the 5-position ensures a longer pi-conjugation length but the electron transfer rates indicate a lower electronic coupling, than in 4-position. Photoinduced emission yields indicate a significant quenching of the MLCT excited-state of the ruthenium complex in these dyads. Except for the dyad linked in 5 position with one phenyleneethynylene unit, the transient absorption spectroscopy of all the other dyads evidences that the MLCT excited-state decays almost exclusively by electron transfer to form the charge-separated state Ru-III-NBI-. This state could not be observed, presumably because the subsequent recombination to the ground state was much faster than its formation. In the dyad linked in 5 position with only one phenyleneethynylene unit, at room temperature, the (MLCT)-M-3* state is in equilibrium with the (NBI)-N-3* state, and it also decays via electron transfer. The notable feature of these dyads is first the occurrence of a relatively long-range electron transfer reaction via a bis(phenylethynylene) linking unit anchored at the 5 position. Secondly, we show within these series of compounds that subtle variations in the structure of the dyads (length of the spacer and anchoring position on bipy) have a strong impact on the rates and in the mechanism of decay of the (MLCT)-M-3* state. The photophysical properties of the dyads can be explained in terms of energy proximity of different excited states and magnitude of the electronic coupling according to the anchoring position.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Eilers, Gerriet, 1973-
(author)
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Molecular Approaches to Photochemical Solar Energy Conversion : Towards Synthetic Catalysts for Water Oxidation and Proton Reduction
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A molecular system capable of photoinduced water splitting is an attractive approach to solar energy conversion. This thesis deals with the functional characterization of molecular building blocks for the three principal functions of such a molecular system: Photoinduced accumulative charge separation, catalytic water oxidation, and catalytic proton reduction. Systems combining a ruthenium-trisbipyridine photosensitizer with multi-electron donors in form of dinuclear ruthenium or manganese complexes were investigated in view of the rate constants of electron transfer and excited state quenching. The kinetics were studied in the different oxidation states of the donor unit by combination of electrochemistry and time resolved spectroscopy. The rapid excited state quenching by the multi-electron donors points to the importance of redox intermediates for efficient accumulative photooxidation of the terminal donor.The redox behavior of manganese complexes as mimics of the water oxidizing catalyst in the natural photosynthetic reaction center was studied by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. For a dinuclear manganese complex ligand exchange reactions were studied in view of their importance for the accumulative oxidation of the complex and its reactivity towards water. With the binding of substrate water, multiple oxidation in a narrow potential range and concomitant deprotonation of the bound water it was demonstrated that the manganese complex is capable of mimicking multiple aspects of photosynthetic water oxidation.A dinuclear iron complex was investigated as biomimetic proton reduction catalyst. The complex structurally mimics the active site of the iron-only hydrogenase enzyme and was designed to hold a proton on the bridging ligand and a hydride on the iron centers. Thermodynamics and kinetics of the protonation reactions and the electrochemical behavior of the different protonation states were studied in view of their potential catalytic performance.
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| 20. |
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