| 11. |
- Harper, Jon Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review reveals sexually antagonistic knockouts in model organisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 12:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual antagonism is thought to be an important selective force in multiple evolutionary processes, but very few examples of the genes involved are known. Such a deficit of loci could partially be explained by the lack of overlap in terminology between scientific disciplines. Following a similar review in humans, we searched systematically for studies that described genes with sexually antagonistic or sex-opposite effects in any taxa, using terms designed to capture alternative descriptions of sexual antagonism. Despite drawing on a potentially very large pool of studies we found only eight articles, which between them described seven candidate variants, five of these were gene knockouts. In every case, the variants had net negative effects on the focal trait. One locus was independently validated between studies, but in comparison to previous data on variants in humans and the fruit-fly, the studies generally suffered from small sample sizes, with concomitant high variance. Our review highlights the radically different effects that gene deletions can have on males and females, where the beneficial effects seen in one sex may facilitate the evolution of gene loss. We searched systematically for genetic variants with sexually antagonistic or sex-opposite effects in any taxa. Of 2116 articles, we found seven candidate variants, five of which were gene knockouts. Our review highlights the radically different effects that gene deletions can have on males and females, where the beneficial effects seen in one sex may facilitate the evolution of gene loss.
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| 12. |
- Zhdanov, Vladimir, 1952
(författare)
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Periodic perturbation of the bistable kinetics of gene expression
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-4371. ; 390:1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kinetics of gene expression may be bistable or oscillatory due to the feedbacks between the RNA and protein synthesis. In complex genetic networks, kinetic oscillations may influence bistability. Following this line, we have performed a mean-field analysis and Monte Carlo simulations of periodic perturbation of the bistable kinetics of expression of two genes with mutual suppression of the mRNA production due to negative regulation of the gene transcription by protein. The perturbation is realized via modulation of the rate of the mRNA formation. In the mean-field kinetics, the mRNA and protein concentrations repeat themselves during each period. In the stochastic kinetics, this is also the case, provided that the modulation amplitude is small. If the modulation is appreciable, the latter kinetics exhibit new features. Specifically, the model predicts stochastic intermittence of the states of the genes. If the modulation amplitude is close to maximum, the change of the gene states during subsequent perturbation periods occurs fully at random. Taking into account that the model we use is generic, the results obtained are expected to be of interest far beyond the biophysics and biochemistry of gene expression.
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| 13. |
- Mesch, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Gloss annotations in the Swedish Sign Language Corpus
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1384-6655 .- 1569-9811. ; 20:1, s. 102-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Sign Language Corpus (SSLC) was compiled during the years 2009–2011 and consists of video-recorded conversations with 42 informants between the ages of 20 and 82 from three separate regions in Sweden. The overall aim of the project was to create a corpus of Swedish Sign Language (SSL) that could provide a core data source for research on language structure and use, as well as for dictionary work. A portion of the corpus has been annotated with glosses for signs and Swedish translations, and annotation of the entire corpus is ongoing. In this paper, we outline our scheme for gloss annotation and discuss issues that are relevant in creating the annotation system, with unique glosses for lexical signs, fingerspelling and productive signs. The annotation guidelines discussed in this paper cover both one- and two-handed signs in SSL, based on 33,600 tokens collected for the SSLC.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Kim, Jongyul, et al.
(författare)
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LineFS: Efficient SmartNIC Offload of a Distributed File System with Pipeline Parallelism
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACM SIGOPS 28th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In multi-tenant systems, the CPU overhead of distributed file systems (DFSes) is increasingly a burden to application performance. CPU and memory interference cause degraded and unstable application and storage performance, in particular for operation latency. Recent client-local DFSes for persistent memory (PM) accelerate this trend. DFS offload to SmartNICs is a promising solution to these problems, but it is challenging to fit the complex demands of a DFS onto simple SmartNIC processors located across PCIe.We present LineFS, a SmartNIC-offloaded, high-performance DFS with support for client-local PM. To fully leverage the SmartNIC architecture, we decompose DFS operations into execution stages that can be offloaded to a parallel datapath execution pipeline on the SmartNIC. LineFS offloads CPU-intensive DFS tasks, like replication, compression, data publication, index and consistency management to a Smart-NIC. We implement LineFS on the Mellanox BlueField Smart-NIC and compare it to Assise, a state-of-the-art PM DFS. LineFS improves latency in LevelDB up to 80% and throughput in Filebench up to 79%, while providing extended DFS availability during host system failures.
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| 16. |
- Mercer, Eric A, et al.
(författare)
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NAIP interacts with hippocalcin and protects neurons against calcium-induced cell death through caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways
- 2000
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - Univ Uppsala, Biomed Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Physiol, Div Cellular Physiol, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. : Oxford University Press. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 19:14, s. 3597-3607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), including neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), inhibit cell death. Other IAPs inhibit key caspase proteases which effect cell death, but the mechanism by which NAIP acts is unknown. Here we report that NAIP, through its third baculovirus inhibitory repeat domain (BIR3), binds the neuron-restricted calcium-binding protein, hippocalcin, in an interaction promoted by calcium. In neuronal cell lines NSC-34 and Neuro-2a, over-expression of the BIR domains of NAIP (NAIP-BIR1-3) counteracted the calcium-induced cell death induced by ionomycin and thapsigargin. This protective capacity was significantly enhanced when NAIP-BIR1-3 was co-expressed with hippocalcin. Over-expression of the BIR3 domain or hippocalcin alone did not substantially enhance cell survival, but co-expression greatly increased their protective effects. These data suggest synergy between NAIP and hippocalcin in facilitating neuronal survival against calcium-induced death stimuli mediated through the BIR3 domain. Analysis of caspase activity after thapsigargin treatment revealed that caspase-3 is activated in NSC-34, but not Neuro-2a, cells, Thus NAIP, in conjunction with hippocalcin, can protect neurons against calcium-induced cell death in caspase-3-activated and non-activated pathways.
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