| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Sverige behöver investera i tystnad
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Precis som det finns tysta kupéer på tågen borde det gå att upprätthålla en vardagstystnad i utvalda friluftsområden och kanske även på vissa håll i städerna, skriver fyra ljudmiljöforskare.
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| 13. |
- Elbakidze, Marine, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple factors shape the interaction of people with urban greenspace : Sweden as a case study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study identifies and analyses multiple factors that impact people's interactions with urban greenspace in Sweden. An unrestricted, self-selected online survey was used to collect the data. The survey questions were related to individual characteristics of respondents, including socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported nature connectedness, and self-reported constraints to greenspace usage; perceived characteristics of urban greenspace, including its availability, quality, and accessibility, and benefits and problems; and preferences of respondents regarding types of urban greenspace and activities. Additionally, several spatially explicit variables were included in the analysis. A total of 2806 respondents from 208 (of 290) municipalities completed the survey. Our findings indicate that greenspace users are highly heterogeneous and utilise diverse green spaces along the urban-peri-urban gradient for various benefits. The statistical analyses identified 61 explanatory variables that affect the frequency of interactions with urban greenspace. In addition, we identify key factors that shape critical differences between frequent and infrequent urban users, such as nature connectedness, perceptions of urban greenspace functions, and their perceived accessibility. Our results highlight the complex challenge facing urban planners and managers of green spaces, who have to consider and integrate a vast array of factors influencing the willingness of increasingly diverse urban populations to interact with greenspace.
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| 14. |
- Ewerlöf, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt. ”Låt gräsklipparen stå – för naturens skull”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In an era of species extinction and climate change, we should abandon the well-trimmed lawn and let gardens grow wilder, writes Anna Persson and other researchers and landscape architects on DN Debatt.
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| 15. |
- Fredman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Friluftsliv 2014 : nationell undersökning om svenska folkets friluftsvanor
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från en nationell enkätundersökning avseende svenskarnas friluftsvanor år 2014 (december 2013 till november 2014). Enkäten utgör en viktig del i arbetet med uppföljning av friluftsliv i miljömålssystemet samt målen för friluftspolitiken (se Naturvårdsverket, 2014). Undersökningen genomfördes som en elektronisk panelundersökning (8410 intervjuer med personer bosatta i Sverige i åldersintervallet 16-84 år) och utfördes av Mittuniversitetet (i samarbete med undersökningsföretaget Norstat) på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Resultaten redovisas i fyra delar som omfattar (i) friluftslivet enligt nyckelbegreppen (utövande av friluftsliv, deltagande i friluftsaktiviteter, värna och bibehålla värden för friluftslivet, tillgänglighet och buller), (ii) friluftslivet hos olika grupper, (iii) friluftslivet i miljökvalitetsmålen, samt (iv) friluftslivets förändring över tid. Från undersökningen kan bland annat noteras; - att 83 procent är ute i naturen "ganska eller mycket ofta" på längre ledigheter, 60 procent på helger och 51 procent på vardagar. - att nöjes- och motionspromenader, vistelser i skog och mark och trädgårdsarbete är de vanligaste friluftsaktiviteterna (bad är populärast på sommaren medan kälkåkning, tur- och längdskidor är populäras på vintern). - att lövskogar är den naturtyp som uppskattas mest att utöva friluftsliv i, följt av barrskogar, fjäll, odlingslandskapet och myrar (äldre skogar är betydligt mer attraktiva än ungskog och kalhyggen). - att över hälften av de svarande i hög grad haft upplevelser av trygghet, återhämtning och en naturpräglad miljö vid det senaste friluftstillfället. - att nästan hälften av de svarande i någon grad upplever brist på lämpliga platser eller områden för att ägna sig åt friluftsaktiviteter i den utsträckning man önskar. - att friluftsliv till havs, i skärgård eller till fjälls ofta sker långt från hemmet. - att ca 30 procent har upplevt någon grad av buller vid senaste friluftstillfället (främst från trafik, vägar och flyg). - att på vardagar är kvinnor ute oftare i naturen än män, äldre personer är ute oftare än yngre, personer bosatta på landsbygden är ute oftare än personer i storstäder, personer utan hemmavarande barn under 18 år är ute oftare än personer med barn i samma ålder, och personer som vuxit upp i Europa är ute oftare i naturen än personer som själva, eller vars far eller mor, växt upp utanför Europa. - att brist på tid är det vanligaste hindret för utövande av friluftsaktiviteter (andra vanliga hinder är att man saknar någon att utöva aktiviteten med, att man saknar lämpliga områden eller familjesituationen). - att yngre personer har sämre kunskaper om allemansrätten jämfört med äldre personer.
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| 16. |
- Gao, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Reviewing the strength of evidence of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 57, s. 420-434
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With a growing number of forest biodiversity indicators being applied in forest policy documents and even more being suggested by the scientific community, there is a need to evaluate, review and critically assess the strength of evidence for individual indicators, their interrelationships and potential overlaps and gaps. Biodiversity indicators proposed for forest ecosystems in Europe were reviewed with the over-arching aim of providing advice on strategic selection and combination of indictors. The objectives were to (1) establish interrelationships between indicators and their indicandum (i.e. the indicated aspect of biodiversity); (2) assess the strength of scientific evidence for individual indicators; and (3) identify a set of indicators with confirmed validity for further scientific testing and inclusion in long-term reporting and decision-making regarding forest biodiversity. Ten indicator groups and 83 individual indicators were identified with application from stand scale up to landscape scale in 142 eligible scientific papers. In 62 of the 142 studies no statistical correlations between indicator(s) and indicandum were performed and 42 (out of the 62) did not even present a clear indicandum. In the remaining 80 studies, 412 correlations between indicator and indicandum were identified. However, only six correlations were assessed as being supported by strong evidence, i.e. three or more studies found statistical correlation between the indicator and indicandum, and no studies reported contradictory results. For the species richness relationships, there was strong evidence for positive correlations between deadwood volume and wood-living fungal species richness; deadwood volume and saproxylic beetle species richness; deadwood diversity and saproxylic beetle species richness; age of canopy trees and epiphytic lichen species richness. There was strong evidence for a negative correlation between tree canopy cover and spider species richness. Concerning species composition-related correlation, there was strong evidence that the species composition of epiphytic lichens changed with the age of canopy trees. These results imply that the validity of most indicators on which monitoring and conservation planning are based are weakly scientifically supported and that further validation of current biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems is needed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Gao, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Soundscape Perceptions and Preferences for Different Groups of Users in Urban Recreational Forest Parks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the soundscape in cities is receiving increased attention in urban planning, there is still a lack of knowledge of how personal factors influence the perception of and preference for soundscapes. Most present studies are linked to one or a few specific soundscapes and do not have a holistic approach exploring the pros and cons of all soundscapes in a place. This study surveyed individuals to assess how soundscape perceptions and preferences may differ among various attendees of typical urban forest recreational parks in Xi'an, China, using an on-site questionnaire. The respondents (N = 2034) revealed that rare natural sounds were perceived more positively than the dominating artificial sounds. Five main dimensions of social, demographic, and behavioral attributes were found to be linked to the soundscape perceptions and preferences: (1) familiarity of the park and attendees' age made people more tolerant towards sounds that others find annoying; (2) higher education and higher socio-economic status showed lower tolerance towards sounds; (3) having companions and specific types of recreational use increased the frequent perception of artificial sounds; (4) females generally showed higher sensitivity and lower tolerance than males towards several sounds; and (5) the longer attendees remained in the park, the more positive the overall soundscape preference was. The results indicate that numerous sounds are affecting people's overall experience in the parks. These findings could help decision-makers and urban forest recreational park designers to formulate relevant strategies for park design that are in tune with varying public needs and expectations towards soundscape. The implementation of human-oriented soundscape design can therefore enhance people's well-being.
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| 18. |
- Gao, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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The role of forest stand structure as biodiversity indicator
- 2014
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 330, s. 82-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity conservation is a key objective for sustainable forest management, but the multi-dimensional and multi-scale character of biodiversity renders full assessment difficult at large scale. Therefore, indicators are often used to monitor biodiversity. Important cost-benefit synergies can be achieved if indicators are derived from existing data. In this study, a model for classifying forest stand structures was developed and tested as an indicator of overall plant species diversity at stand level. The model combines four stand structure parameters: canopy coverage, age of canopy trees, tree species composition and canopy stratification. Using data from the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden and General Linear Mixed Model, plant species diversity (Shannon diversity index, SHDI) and composition (Sorensen-Dice index, SDI) were tested between 26 different stand structure types and nine soil classes. The results showed that mature stands with a stratified canopy had the highest plant species diversity across the soil classes, particularly if they comprised mixed coniferous and broadleaved species with a semi-open canopy. In contrast, young (<30 years) single-layered stands had consistently low species diversity. Of the four stand structure parameters in the model, age of canopy trees was most influential for SHDI value, followed by canopy stratification, tree species composition and canopy coverage. According to the SDI values, different stand structure types represented different species composition regardless of soil class and species diversity (SHDI value). However, most SDI values were higher than 0.5, indicating that fewer than 50% of the species changed between stand structure types. The stand parameters included in the model can probably be extracted from national forest inventories in many countries and understood without specialist taxonomic knowledge, making the model applicable in practice to support forest management decision-making on enhancing forest biodiversity at stand level. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Gunnarsson, Bengt, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Biophilia revisited: nature versus nurture
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:9, s. 792-4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “Biophilia” hypothesis highlighting humans´ innate, positive response to nature is both increasingly accepted and questioned. Studies support an updated Biophilia. The interplay between inheritance and environment, including culture, governs an individual´s response, from positive to negative. Variety in urban green spaces is needed to optimise benefits to all residents.
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| 20. |
- Gunnarsson, Bengt, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of biodiversity and environment-related attitude on perception of urban green space
- 2017
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Ingår i: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 20:1, s. 37-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green space in cities contributes to the quality of life for city dwellers, e.g., by increasing the opportunity for recreation. However, perception of urban green space is influenced by multiple factors. We investigated effects of biodiversity and environment-related attitudes on visual and auditory perceptions of urban green space. Field measurements of biodiversity were conducted in six sites across an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden, and three categories of biodiversity—high, medium, low—were established. Households were sent a survey on aesthetic perception of urban green space, sound perception and the importance of trees and plants for the perception of bird species. Each respondent focused on the site that was located nearby. The environment-related attitudes comprised “Nature-oriented” and “Urban-oriented” persons and were based on participants’ own attitude estimations. It was shown that participants’ “subjective” aesthetic and sound-related perception of urban greenery were in line with the “objectively” measured subdivisions of high, medium and low biodiversity. So also were their estimations of the importance of trees and plants for perception of bird species in urban greenery, although differing only between high and medium/low biodiversity conditions. Persons rating themselves as highly nature-oriented were shown to give higher scores to urban green space aesthetics and to value greenery-related sounds higher, and to attach greater importance to trees and plants in their perception of bird species in urban greenery, than less nature-oriented persons. Highly urban-oriented persons compared to less urban-oriented persons did the same, but only regarding urban greenery-related aesthetics and sounds of nature. We conclude that environment-related attitudes influence perceptions of green space. Moreover, our findings support the idea that biodiversity per se also influences perceptions; people value green space significantly more with high than with low measured biodiversity. Urban planning needs to provide city inhabitants with green spaces that are species-rich, lush, varied and rich with natural sounds.
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