| 11. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual analysis for understanding irritable bowel syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomedical visualisation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030193843 - 9783030193850 ; , s. 111-122
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits, is largely unknown. It is believed to be related to physical properties in the gut, central mechanisms in the brain, psychological factors, or a combination of these. To understand the relationships within the gut-brain axis with respect to IBS, large numbers of measurements ranging from stool samples to functional magnetic resonance imaging are collected from patients with IBS and healthy controls. As such, IBS is a typical example in medical research where research turns into a big data analysis challenge. In this chapter we demonstrate the power of interactive visual data analysis and exploration to generate an environment for scientific reasoning and hypothesis formulation for data from multiple sources with different character. Three case studies are presented to show the utility of the presented work.
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| 12. |
- Jönsson, Jenny-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Steroid Hormone Receptor Expression Affects Ovarian Cancer Survival.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-5233. ; 8:5, s. 424-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although most ovarian cancers express estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen (AR) receptors, they are currently not applied in clinical decision making. We explored the prognostic impact of sex steroid hormone receptor protein and mRNA expression on survival in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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| 13. |
- Martín De La Fuente, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Claudin-4 Expression is Associated with Survival in Ovarian Cancer but Not with Chemotherapy Response
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. - 0277-1691. ; 37:2, s. 101-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tight junction protein claudin-4 has been reported to be overexpressed in advanced ovarian cancer. We investigated the prognostic significance of claudin-4 overexpression and whether claudin-4 expression could predict platinum response in primary ovarian carcinoma (OC). Claudin-4 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 140 OCs. Multivariable Cox-regression models were used to assess the effect of claudin-4 overexpression on progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and the logrank test were performed comparing claudin-4 high and low groups. The association between claudin-4 expression and platinum resistance was assessed using risk ratios and the Pearson χ 2 test. A dataset of >1500 epithelial ovarian cancers was used to study the association between CLDN4 mRNA and survival. Of 140 evaluable cases, 71 (51%) displayed high claudin-4 expression. Claudin-4 overexpression predicted shorter 5-yr progression-free survival and OS in univariable analyses [hazard ratio (HR)=1.6 (1.1-2.5), P=0.020 and HR=1.6 (1.0-2.4), P=0.041, respectively]. Hazard of relapse was similar [HR=1.5 (1.0-2.4)] after adjustment for age, stage, type, and BRCA1/2 status in a multivariable analysis, but the evidence was slightly weaker (P=0.076). Validation in an external cohort confirmed the association between high expression of CLDN4 and poor 10-yr OS [HR=1.3 (1.1-1.5), P<0.001]. However, no confident association between claudin-4 and platinum sensitivity was found in our cohort [risk ratio=1.2 (0.7-2.0), P=0.3]. These findings suggest that high expression of claudin-4 may have a prognostic value in OC. The role of claudin-4 in the development of platinum resistance remains unclear.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sahin, Irem Durmaz, et al.
(författare)
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Crizotinib and PARP inhibitors act synergistically by triggering apoptosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 10:65, s. 6981-6996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant and most lethal histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer. During the last few years, several new treatment options with PARP inhibitors have emerged. The FDA has approved the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza™) as maintenance treatment after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy and olaparib, niraparib (Zejula™) and rucaparib (Rubraca™) are approved as maintenance therapies in the recurrent, platinum-sensitive setting; nevertheless, development of resistance limits their efficacy. In this study, new combinatorial treatment strategies targeting key signaling pathways were explored to enhance the activity of PARP inhibitors in HGSOC. Carboplatin, olaparib, niraparib, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the c-Met inhibitor crizotinib were used for this investigation. PARP inhibitors and carboplatin alone and in combination caused accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In contrast, crizotinib alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors induced accumulation of cells in sub-G1. Crizotinib together with either of the PARP inhibitors was more strongly synergistic than combinations with a PARP inhibitor and carboplatin or the PI3K inhibitor. Sequential combination of crizotinib and a PARP inhibitor resulted in activation of ATM/CHK2 and inhibition of c-Met pathways, contributing to a decrease in RAD51 levels and induction of caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death and suggesting that the combination of crizotinib with a PARP inhibitor may be considered and further explored as a new therapeutic strategy in HGSOC.
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| 16. |
- Skånberg, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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VIA-MD : Visual Interactive Analysis of Molecular Dynamics
- 2018
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Ingår i: MolVA 2018 - Workshop on Molecular Graphics and Visual Analysis of Molecular Data. - : The Eurographics Association. - 9783038680819 ; , s. 19-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a visual exploration environment tailored for large-scale spatio-temporal molecular dynamics simulation data. The environment is referred to as VIA-MD (visual interactive analysis of molecular dynamics) and has been developed in a participatory design process with domain experts on molecular dynamics simulations of complex molecular systems. A key feature of our approach is the support for linked interactive 3D exploration of geometry and statistical analysis using dynamic temporal windowing and animation. Based on semantic level descriptions and hierarchical aggregation of molecular properties we enable interactive filtering, which enables the user to effectively find spatial, temporal and statistical patterns. The VIA-MD environment provides an unprecedented tool for analysis of complex microscopic interactions hidden in large data volumes. We demonstrate the utility of the VIA-MD environment with four use cases. The first two deal with simulation of amyloid plaque associated with development of Alzheimer's, and we study an aqueous solution of 100 probes and an amyloid fibril. The identification of interaction "hotspots" is achieved with the use of combined filter parameters connected with probe molecular planarity and probe-fibril interaction energetics. The third and fourth examples show the wide applicability of the environment by applying it to analysis of molecular properties in material design.
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| 17. |
- Steneteg, Peter, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Volume Raycasting Sampling Revisited
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effects of practical sample placement strategies when solving the volume rendering integral for interactive volume raycasting with fixed step lengths for each ray. Different sample placements have been used in previous work but they have not been compared with respect to their correctness or visual quality. In this work, the different sampling strategies are presented visually and practical implementation details are provided using algorithmic descriptions of each strategy. A thorough analysis based on comparisons with analytic solutions and real-world data shows that visual artifacts, especially at volume borders, can appear if samples are not placed correctly. Our analysis and comparison results in a sample placement strategy that easily can be integrated into existing implementations, has no impact on performance, and decreases visual artifacts of the rendered image compared to other fixed step size sample strategies.
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| 18. |
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The future of work in Europe
- 2017
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent years have witnessed major changes to the workplace across Europe. The speed of these changes requires constant monitoring and reappraisal. In this book, recent trends are analyzed and their consequences discussed, within a socio-historical context which also reveals underlying patterns of continuity. The trends analyzed include: the presence of high rates of endemic unemployment and underemployment, particularly amongst the young the growth of insecure and precarious employment sweeping changes to the regulation of and organization of work the diminution in the availability of manual work and the growth of white-collar service-sector jobs the growing participation of women in paid employment the introduction of new organizational forms and new forms of management the accelerating use of IT the growth in demand for educational and vocational qualifications by employers the increasing influence of European legislation on work, retirement, health, safety, etc the growing importance of voluntary-sector work The contributors to the volume present both primary research and a wide-ranging survey and analysis of recent major contributions in the field. Detailed empirical material is included from Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the UK and the EU more generally. Thus, the book aims to provide a current overview of the nature of work from a pan-European perspective, illuminated by up-to-the-minute field research.
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| 19. |
- Tulek, Zeliha, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing care for stroke patients : A survey of current practice in eleven European countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1365-2702 .- 0962-1067. ; 27:3-4, s. 684-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To conduct a survey of the clinical nursing practice in European countries in accordance with the European Stroke Strategies (ESS) 2006, and to examine to what extent the ESS have been implemented in stroke care nursing in Europe.BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally. Optimal organisation of interdisciplinary stroke care is expected to ameliorate outcome after stroke. Consequently, universal access to stroke care based on evidence-based guidelines is a priority.DESIGN: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey.METHODS: A questionnaire comprising 61 questions based on the ESS and scientific evidence in nursing practice was distributed to representatives of the European Association of Neuroscience Nurses, who sent the questionnaire to nurses active in stroke care. The questionnaire covered the following areas of stroke care: Organization of stroke services, Management of acute stroke and prevention including basic care and nursing, and Secondary prevention.RESULTS: Ninety-two nurses in stroke care in 11 European countries participated in the survey. Within the first 48 hours after stroke onset, 95% monitor patients regularly, 94% start mobilization after 24 hours when patients are stable and 89% assess patients' ability to swallow. Change of position for immobile patients is followed by 73%, and post-void residual urine volume is measured by 85%. Some aspects needed improvement, for example staff education (70%), education for patients/families/carers (55%), and individual care plans in secondary prevention (62%).CONCLUSIONS: The participating European countries comply well with the ESS guidelines, particularly in the acute stroke care, but not all stroke units have reached optimal development in all aspects of stroke care nursing.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Our study may provide clinical administrators and nurses in stroke care with information that may contribute to improved compliance with the European Stroke Strategies and evidence-based guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Vink, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Consciousness assessment : A questionnaire of current neuroscience nursing practice in Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067. ; 27:21-22, s. 3913-3919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To study practice in consciousness assessment among neuroscience nurses in Europe. Background: Over the years, several instruments have been developed to assess the level of consciousness for patients with brain injury. It is unclear which instrument is being used by nurses in Europe and how they are trained to use these tools adequately. Design/methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire, created by the European Association of Neuroscience Nurses Research Committee, was sent to neuroscience nurses in 13 European countries. The countries participated in 2016 with a response period of 3 months for each country. Results: A total of 331 questionnaires were completed by nurses in 11 different countries. Assessment of consciousness was part of the daily routine for a majority of bedside nurses (95%), with an estimated median frequency of six times per shift. The majority uses a standardised instrument, and the Glasgow Coma Scale is the most common. Most participants assess consciousness primarily for clinical decision-making and report both total scores and subscores. The majority was formally trained or educated in use of the instrument, but methods of training were divers. Besides the estimated frequency of assessments and training, no significant difference was found between bedside nurses and other nurse positions, educational level or kind of institution. Conclusion: Our study shows that consciousness assessment is part of the daily routine for most nurses working in neurology/neurosurgery/neurorehabilitation wards in Europe. The greatest variation existed in training methods for the use of the instruments, and we recommend standardised practice in the use of assessment scales. Relevance to clinical practice: In clinical practice, both managers and staff nurses should focus on formalised training in the use of assessment tools, to ensure reliability and reproducibility. This may also increase the professionalism in the neuroscience nurses’ role and performance.
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