| 11. |
- Kivimäki, M, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness absence as a prognostic marker for common chronic conditions : analysis of mortality in the GAZEL study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Occup Environ Med. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 65:12, s. 820-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sickness absence as a prognostic marker for common chronic conditions: analysis of mortality in the GAZEL study.Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Leclerc A, Melchior M, Chevalier A, Alexanderson K, Zins M, Goldberg M.Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. m.kivimaki@ucl.ac.ukOBJECTIVES: To determine whether sickness absence is a prognostic marker in terms of mortality among people with common chronic conditions. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 13,077 men and 4871 women aged 37-51 from the National Gas and Electricity Company, France. Records of physician-certified sickness absences over a 3-year period were obtained from employers' registers. Chronic conditions were assessed in annual surveys over the same period. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality (803 deaths, mean follow-up after assessment of sickness absence: 13.9 years). RESULTS: In Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position and co-morbidity, >28 annual sickness-absence days versus no absence days was associated with an excess mortality risk among those with cancer (hazard ratio 5.4, 95% CI 2.2 to 13.1), depression (1.7, 1.1 to 2.8), chronic bronchitis or asthma (2.7, 1.6 to 4.6) and hypertension (1.6, 1.0 to 2.6). The corresponding hazard ratios for more than five long (>14 days) sickness-absence episodes per 10 person-years versus no such episodes were 5.4 (2.2 to 13.1), 1.8 (1.3 to 2.7), 2.0 (1.3 to 3.2) and 1.8 (1.2 to 2.7), respectively. Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves for these absence measures varied between 0.56 and 0.73, indicating the potential of these measures to distinguish groups at high risk of mortality. The findings were consistent across sex, age and socioeconomic groups and in those with and without co-morbid conditions. CONCLUSION: Data on sickness absence may provide useful prognostic information for common chronic conditions at the population level.
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| 12. |
- Kook, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ion fragmentation study of [EMMIM][TFSI], [EMIM][OTf] and [EMIM][DCA] by vacuum ultraviolet light
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-3806. ; 471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ionic liquids (ILs) 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [EMMIM][TFSI], 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][OTf] and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide [EMIM][DCA] were evaporated by effusion and a time-of-flight (TOF) instrument was employed as the mass analyzer while vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in the energy range 9–20 eV was used to excite the IL molecules. Fragmentation patterns with respect to excitation energy are discussed and decomposition products are analyzed. Hydrogenated and dehydrogenated fragments are discussed. Our experiment seems to show that the ionic liquids with larger anions have less cation fragmentation. [EMMIM][TFSI] was studied for the first time and it produces different fragments than 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids. Surprisingly 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium or 1-Ethyl-2-methylimidazolium cations were not detected in the [EMMIM][TFSI] fragmentation pattern.
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| 13. |
- Madsen, I. E. H., et al.
(författare)
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Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression : systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 47:8, s. 1342-1356
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. Method. We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. Results. We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). Conclusions. Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Patanen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Valence shell photoelectron angular distributions and vibrationally resolved spectra of imidazole : A combined experimental-theoretical study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 155:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linearly polarized synchrotron radiation has been used to record polarization dependent valence shell photoelectron spectra of imidazole in the photon energy range 21–100 eV. These have allowed the photoelectron angular distributions, as characterized by the anisotropy parameter β, and the electronic state intensity branching ratios to be determined. Complementing these experimental data, theoretical photoionization partial cross sections and β-parameters have been calculated for the outer valence shell orbitals. The assignment of the structure appearing in the experimental photoelectron spectra has been guided by vertical ionization energies and spectral intensities calculated by various theoretical methods that incorporate electron correlation and orbital relaxation. Strong orbital relaxation effects have been found for the 15a′, nitrogen lone-pair orbital. The calculations also predict that configuration mixing leads to the formation of several low-lying satellite states. The vibrational structure associated with ionization out of a particular orbital has been simulated within the Franck–Condon model using harmonic vibrational modes. The adiabatic approximation appears to be valid for the X 2A″ state, with the β-parameter for this state being independent of the level of vibrational excitation. However, for all the other outer valence ionic states, a disparity occurs between the observed and the simulated vibrational structure, and the measured β-parameters are at variance with the behavior expected at the level of the Franck–Condon approximation. These inconsistencies suggest that the excited electronic states may be interacting vibronically such that the nuclear dynamics occur over coupled potential energy surfaces.
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| 16. |
- Bässler, M., et al.
(författare)
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Beam line I411 at MAX II - Performance and first results
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 469:3, s. 382-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the characteristics and first results from the soft X-ray beam line I411, based on an undulator at the third generation synchrotron facility MAX II, Sweden. The beam line is designed for high-resolution, angle-resolved electron spectroscopy on gases, liquids and solids. Main components are the modified SX700 monochromator and the end station, both of which were previously used at beam line 51 at MAX I. The end station is equipped with a rotatable SES-200 hemispherical electron-analyser. Before the end station, a one-metre section is reserved for exchangeable experimental set-ups. The usable photon energy range is 50-1500 eV and the photon flux is two orders of magnitudes higher compared to beam line 51. At 400 eV a resolving power of about 5700 in the first order of the monochromator grating could be obtained. In gas phase, a total electron energy resolution of 16 meV has been achieved. Detailed results on the undulator performance, flux, photon and electron energy resolution as well as some technical details are presented here. As an example of the capabilities of the beam line I411, we present the fully vibrationally resolved Auger resonant Raman electron spectrum of gas-phase N 2.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kiselev, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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An experimental and theoretical study of the Kr 3d correlation satellites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 55:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kr 3d correlation satellites have been studied experimentally by using plane polarized synchrotron radiation to record polarization dependent photoelectron spectra (PES), and theoretically by employing the R-matrix method to calculate photoionization cross sections, PES and angular distributions. The experimental spectra have allowed the photoelectron anisotropy parameters characterizing the angular distributions, and the intensity branching ratios, related to the photoionization partial cross sections, to be evaluated. The results are discussed in terms of normal and conjugate shake-up processes. The experimental and calculated photoelectron angular distributions associated with those correlation satellites that arise predominantly through conjugate shake-up mechanisms are shown to be isotropic. In contrast, the anisotropy parameters associated with satellites due to normal shake-up processes exhibit a dependence on electron kinetic energy similar to that of the anisotropy parameters corresponding to the Kr 3d main lines. The theoretical results include an analysis of the partial waves representing the emitted photoelectron and, for certain correlation satellites, show that a particular ionization continuum dominates. This, in turn, may allow the dominant normal or conjugate shake-up mechanism forming the satellite to be identified.
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| 19. |
- Kivimäki, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia : three analyses of population cohort studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833. ; 374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between cognitively stimulating work and subsequent risk of dementia and to identify protein pathways for this association.DESIGN: Multicohort study with three sets of analyses.SETTING: United Kingdom, Europe, and the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Three associations were examined: cognitive stimulation and dementia risk in 107 896 participants from seven population based prospective cohort studies from the IPD-Work consortium (individual participant data meta-analysis in working populations); cognitive stimulation and proteins in a random sample of 2261 participants from one cohort study; and proteins and dementia risk in 13 656 participants from two cohort studies.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive stimulation was measured at baseline using standard questionnaire instruments on active versus passive jobs and at baseline and over time using a job exposure matrix indicator. 4953 proteins in plasma samples were scanned. Follow-up of incident dementia varied between 13.7 to 30.1 years depending on the cohort. People with dementia were identified through linked electronic health records and repeated clinical examinations.RESULTS: During 1.8 million person years at risk, 1143 people with dementia were recorded. The risk of dementia was found to be lower for participants with high compared with low cognitive stimulation at work (crude incidence of dementia per 10 000 person years 4.8 in the high stimulation group and 7.3 in the low stimulation group, age and sex adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 0.92, heterogeneity in cohort specific estimates I2=0%, P=0.99). This association was robust to additional adjustment for education, risk factors for dementia in adulthood (smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, job strain, obesity, hypertension, and prevalent diabetes at baseline), and cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke) before dementia diagnosis (fully adjusted hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98). The risk of dementia was also observed during the first 10 years of follow-up (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.95) and from year 10 onwards (0.79, 0.66 to 0.95) and replicated using a repeated job exposure matrix indicator of cognitive stimulation (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increase 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.86). In analysis controlling for multiple testing, higher cognitive stimulation at work was associated with lower levels of proteins that inhibit central nervous system axonogenesis and synaptogenesis: slit homologue 2 (SLIT2, fully adjusted β -0.34, P<0.001), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 (CHSTC, fully adjusted β -0.33, P<0.001), and peptidyl-glycine α-amidating monooxygenase (AMD, fully adjusted β -0.32, P<0.001). These proteins were associated with increased dementia risk, with the fully adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD being 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.28) for SLIT2, 1.13 (1.00 to 1.27) for CHSTC, and 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) for AMD.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of dementia in old age was found to be lower in people with cognitively stimulating jobs than in those with non-stimulating jobs. The findings that cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of plasma proteins that potentially inhibit axonogenesis and synaptogenesis and increase the risk of dementia might provide clues to underlying biological mechanisms.
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| 20. |
- Mailhiot, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for the interatomic Auger effect in Nitrous Oxide
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - 0368-2048. ; 265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interatomic Auger effect following O 1s ionization in N2O has been experimentally investigated using multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy. The expected transition energies have been established by comparison to the measured N 1s−1v−1 core-valence double ionization energies. We describe a procedure to eliminate the background of two competing processes contributing spectroscopic signatures to the same energy range, namely double Auger decay of the O 1s vacancy and direct single-photon double ionization into the N 1s−1v−1 states. While the interatomic Auger transitions could not be successfully isolated, we provide an upper boundary of the transition probability of 0.07% with respect to the dominant single Auger decay after O 1s ionization.
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