| 11. |
- Edebol-Carlman, Hanna, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Face-to-Face Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome : The Effects on Gastrointestinal and Psychiatric Symptoms
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-6121 .- 1687-630X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder linked to disturbances in the gut-brain axis. Visceral hypersensitivity and pain are hallmarks of IBS and linked to the physiological and psychological burden and to the nonadaptive coping with stress. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for IBS has proven effective in reducing gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms in IBS by means of coping with stress. The present pilot study evaluated for the first time whether CBT for IBS affected visceral sensitivity and pain. Individual CBT was performed for 12 weeks in 18 subjects with IBS and evaluated in terms of visceral sensitivity and pain during rectal distensions using the barostat method and self-rated visceral sensitivity and gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms. Visceral discomfort, urge, and pain induced by the barostat were not affected by CBT but were stable across the study. However, the level of self-rated visceral sensitivity and gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms decreased after the intervention. Central working mechanisms and increased ability to cope with IBS-symptoms are suggested to play a key role in the alleviation of IBS symptoms produced by CBT.
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| 12. |
- Flink, Ida K., et al.
(författare)
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Pain in childbirth and postpartum recovery : the role of catastrophizing
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 13:3, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective study investigated how pain catastrophizing was related to labor pain intensity and physical recovery after childbirth. Eighty-eight women giving birth for the first time completed the first questionnaire before delivery. Eighty-two of those returned the second questionnaire after delivery. Participants were classified as catastrophizers (n=38) or non-catastrophizers (n=44) based on their scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Comparison of the groups showed that catastrophizers anticipated and experienced more intense pain (p<.0125) and had poorer physical recovery (p<.0125), measured as the level of self-reported functioning in activities of daily living, than non-catastrophizers. These results extend the association between catastrophizing and pain, to pain and recovery in childbirth and provide support for the fear-avoidance model. It is concluded that pain catastrophizing plays a role in the experience of pain in childbirth and postpartum recovery. Further research is needed to identify appropriate interventions for catastrophizing women during the latter part of pregnancy.
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| 13. |
- Leeuw, Maaike, et al.
(författare)
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The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain : current state of scientific evidence
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0160-7715 .- 1573-3521. ; 30:1, s. 77-94
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research studies focusing on the fear-avoidance model have expanded considerably since the review by Vlaeyen and Linton (Vlaeyen J. W. S. & Linton, S. J. (2000). Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain, 85(3), 317--332). The fear-avoidance model is a cognitive-behavioral account that explains why a minority of acute low back pain sufferers develop a chronic pain problem. This paper reviews the current state of scientific evidence for the individual components of the model: pain severity, pain catastrophizing, attention to pain, escape/avoidance behavior, disability, disuse, and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, support for the contribution of pain-related fear in the inception of low back pain, the development of chronic low back pain from an acute episode, and the maintenance of enduring pain, will be highlighted. Finally, available evidence on recent clinical applications is provided, and unresolved issues that need further exploration are discussed.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Overmeer, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Do physical therapists change their beliefs, attitudes,knowledge, skills and behaviour after a biopsychosocially orientated university course?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 15:4, s. 724-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study is to examine the effects of an 8-day university-based training course, aimed at identifying and addressing psychosocial prognostic factors during physiotherapy treatment, in shifting therapists towards a more biopsychosocial orientation as measured by changes in beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, skills and behaviour.MethodWe combined a randomized controlled trail with a pre-post design. Forty-two physiotherapists applied for a university-accredited training course designed to enhance knowledge and management of psychosocial factors in their practice with patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain. The course participants were randomized either to receiving the course or to a waiting list for training. Attitudes and beliefs towards, and knowledge of psychosocial factors, patient vignettes and a video of an imaginary patient were tested before and after training. The patients of the course participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with background questions at treatment start. The patients also received a questionnaire about the physical therapists' behaviour and patient satisfaction 6 weeks after treatment start.ResultsThe results show that physical therapists' attitudes and believes became more biopsychosocially and less biomedically orientated, they were less convinced that pain justifies disability and limitation of activities, and their knowledge and skills on psychosocial risk factors increased after a university-accredited training course. Yet despite these changes their patients perceived their practice behaviour before and after the course as similar and were equally satisfied with their treatment and treatment result.ConclusionA course, which enhanced biopsychosocial attitudes and beliefs, as well as increased such knowledge and skills did not change the way patients perceived their physical therapists. A future question is whether it improves patient outcome.
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| 17. |
- Shaw, William S., et al.
(författare)
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Early patient screening and intervention to address individual-level occupational factors ("blue flags") in back disability
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - Berlin : Springer. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 19:1, s. 64-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To develop a consensus plan for research and practice to encourage routine clinician screening of occupational factors associated with long-term back disability.METHODS: A 3-day conference workshop including 21 leading researchers and clinicians (the "Decade of the Flags Working Group") was held to review the scientific evidence concerning clinical, occupational, and policy factors in back disability and the development of feasible assessment and intervention strategies.RESULTS: The Working Group identified seven workplace variables to include in early screening by clinicians: physical job demands, ability to modify work, job stress, workplace social support or dysfunction, job satisfaction, expectation for resuming work, and fear of re-injury. Five evaluation criteria for screening methods were established: reliability, predictive performance, feasibility, acceptability, and congruence with plausible interventions. An optimal screening method might include a stepped combination of questionnaire, interview, and worksite visit. Future research directions include improving available assessment methods, adopting simpler and more uniform conceptual frameworks, and tying screening results to plausible interventions.DISCUSSION:There is a clear indication that occupational factors influence back disability, but to expand clinician practices in this area will require that patient screening methods show greater conceptual clarity, feasibility, and linkages to viable options for intervention.
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| 18. |
- Shaw, William S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of workplace, family and cultural influences on low back pain : What opportunities exist to address social factors in general consultations?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Baillière's Best Practice & Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942 .- 1532-1770. ; 27:5, s. 637-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social factors are widely acknowledged in behavioural models of pain and pain management, but incorporating these factors into general medical consultations for low back pain (LBP) can be challenging. While there is no compelling evidence that social factors contribute to LBP onset, these factors have been shown to influence functional limitation and disability, especially the effects of organisational support in the workplace, spousal support, family conflict and social disadvantage. A number of barriers exist to address such social factors in routine medical encounters for LBP, but there is emerging evidence that improving social and organisational support may be an effective strategy to reduce the negative lifestyle consequences of LBP. For clinicians to address these factors in LBP treatment requires a clearer psychosocial framework in assessment and screening, more individualised problem-solving efforts, more patient-centred interventions involving family, peers and workplace supports and a less biomechanical and diagnostic approach. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Shaw, William S., et al.
(författare)
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Employer Policies and Practices to Manage and Prevent Disability : Foreword to the Special Issue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 26:4, s. 394-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Employer policies and practices have been shown to impact workplace disability, but research in this area has waned in recent years despite an aging workforce, a growing prevalence of chronic health conditions, and a larger proportion of working-age adults on permanent work disability in many jurisdictions. The purpose of this article is to describe the background rationale and methodology for an invited conference designed to improve research of employer strategies to curtail work disability.Methods: A multidisciplinary team of 26 international researchers with published research in employer-based disability management or related fields were invited to attend a 3-day conference in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA. The overall goal was to review the status of current research of workplace disability management and prevention, examine its relevance for employer decision-making, compare conceptual frameworks or theoretical perspectives, and recommend future research directions. Working groups were organized and draft manuscripts were prepared in advance. Conference activities included working group presentations and critiques, discussions with a panel of industry consultants and advisors, group interaction and debate, generation of final recommendations, and manuscript revision.Results/Conclusion: Six principal domains were established with respect to future research: (a) further elucidation of the key workplace factors that buffer the disabling effects of injury and illness; (b) more innovative and feasible options for workplace intervention; (c) measurement of workplace-relevant disability outcomes; (d) a stronger theoretical framework for understanding the factors behind employer uptake and implementation; (e) a focus on special clinical populations and occupations where disability risk is most troubling; and (f) better representation of workers and employers that reflect the diverse and changing nature of work. Final comments and recommendations of the working groups are presented in the following six articles in this special issue of the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. Conference attendees recommended changes in methodology, collaboration strategies, and theoretical perspectives to improve the practical and scientific impact of future research of employer practices.
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| 20. |
- Shaw, William S., et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Distress in Acute Low Back Pain : A Review of Measurement Scales and Levels of Distress Reported in the First 2 Months After Pain Onset
- 2016
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Ingår i: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. - Philadelphia, USA : Elsevier. - 0003-9993 .- 1532-821X. ; 97:9, s. 1573-1587
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To characterize the measurement scales and levels of psychological distress reported among published studies of acute low back pain (LBP) in the scientific literature.Data Sources: Peer-reviewed scientific literature found in 8 citation index search engines (CINAHL, Embase, MANTIS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, AMED, and Academic Search Premier) for the period from January 1, 1966, to April 30, 2015, in English, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish languages.Study Selection: Cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, or randomized controlled trials assessing psychological distress and including participants drawn from patients and workers (or an identifiable subset) with acute LBP (<8wk). Three researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-length articles to identify peer-reviewed studies according to established eligibility criteria.Data Extraction: Descriptive data (study populations, definitions of LBP, distress measures) were systematically extracted and reviewed for risk of bias. Distress measures were described, and data were pooled in cases of identical measures. Reported levels of distress were contextualized using available population norms, clinical comparison groups, and established clinical cutoff scores.Data Synthesis: Of 10,876 unique records, 23 articles (17 studies) were included. The most common measures were the Beck Depression Inventory, the modified version of the Zung Self-Rated Depression Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Pooled results for these scales showed consistent elevations in depression, but not anxiety, and reduced mental health status in comparison with the general population.Conclusions: Based on the high consistency across studies using valid measures with a low to moderate risk of bias, there is strong evidence that psychological distress is elevated in acute LBP.
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