| 11. |
- Bäck, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Transition probabilities near Sn-100 and the stability of the N, Z=50 shell closure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 87:3, s. 031306-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent B(E2; 0(g.s.)(+) -> 2(1)(+)) measurements in light tin isotopes have revealed surprisingly large values relative to standard shell model predictions, generating an unexpected asymmetry in the B(E2) values with respect to the neutron midshell. This effect has triggered various speculations as to its origin, such as a possible weakening of the N, Z = 50 shell closure. Here we present new shell model calculations to investigate the origin of the observed asymmetric character of the B(E2) values in the tin isotopes. By including the effects of the neutron g(9/2) orbital below the N = 50 shell gap it is shown that Pauli blocking effects may play an important role near the N = 50 shell closure. A new set of single-particle energies and monopole interactions, fitted to the experimental data in the region, together with the isospin-dependent effective charge suggested by Bohr and Mottelson is shown to reproduce the experimental transition rate values in the Sn isotopic chain.
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| 12. |
- Cederwall, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of 92Pd
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 469:7328, s. 68-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work(1) that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing(2-6), in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus Pd-92. Gamma rays emitted following the Ni-58(Ar-36,2n)Pd-92 fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution c-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction(2-6). We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling(7,8)) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.
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| 13. |
- Cederwall, Bo, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime Measurements of Excited States in Pt-172 and the Variation of Quadrupole Transition Strength with Angular Momentum
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 121:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetimes of the first excited 2(+) and 4(+) states in the extremely neutron -deficient nuclide Pt-172 have been measured for the first time using the recoil-distance Doppler shift and recoil-decay tagging techniques. An unusually low value of the ratio B(E2: 4(1)(+) -> 2(1)(+)/B(E2: 2(1)(+) -> 0(gs)(+)) = 0.55(19) was found, similar to a handful of other such anomalous cases observed in the entire Segre chart. The observation adds to a cluster of a few extremely neutron -deficient nuclides of the heavy transition metals with neutron numbers N approximate to 90-94 featuring the effect. No theoretical model calculations reported to date have been able to explain the anomalously low B(E2: 4(1)(+) -> 2(1)(+)/B(E2: 2(1)(+) -> 0(gs)(+)) ratios observed in these cases. Such low values cannot, e.g., be explained within the framework of the geometrical collective model or by algebraic approaches within the interacting boson model framework. It is proposed that the group of B(E2: 4(1)(+) -> 2(1)(+)/B(E2: 2(1)(+) -> 0(gs)(+)) ratios in the extremely neutron-deficient even-even W, Os, and Pt nuclei around neutron numbers N approximate to 90-94 reveal a quantum phase transition from a seniority-conserving structure to a collective regime as a function of neutron number. Although a system governed by seniority symmetry is the only theoretical framework for which such an effect may naturally occur, the phenomenon is highly unexpected for these nuclei that are not situated near closed shells.
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| 14. |
- Civitarese, O., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of resonant and continuum states on the neutrino-nucleus cross section
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 78:6, s. 064308-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimates of the neutrino-nucleus cross section, for the charged-current process nu + Pb-208 -> e(-) + Bi-208*, are presented. The nuclear structure calculations were performed by considering bound, resonant, and continuum states in the single-particle basis used to construct correlated proton-particle neutron-hole configurations. The observed features of the spectrum of Bi-208 were reproduced, as accurately as possible, by diagonalizing a phenomenological multipole-multipole interaction. Calculations of the cross section, for values of q <= 200 MeV, were performed, and the dependence of the results on the choice of the residual proton-neutron interaction was investigated. It is found that the inclusion of resonant states in the calculation of the nuclear wave functions increases the neutrino-nucleus cross section and that the contribution of the continuum is negligible.
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| 15. |
- Das, Biswarup, et al.
(författare)
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Broken seniority symmetry in the semimagic proton mid-shell nucleus Rh 95
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetime measurements of low-lying excited states in the semimagic (N=50) nucleus Rh95 have been performed by means of the fast-timing technique. The experiment was carried out using γ-ray detector arrays consisting of LaBr3(Ce) scintillators and germanium detectors integrated into the DESPEC experimental setup commissioned for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (fair) Phase-0, Darmstadt, Germany. The excited states in Rh95 were populated primarily via the β decays of Pd95 nuclei, produced in the projectile fragmentation of a 850 MeV/nucleon Xe124 beam impinging on a 4g/cm2Be9 target. The deduced electromagnetic E2 transition strengths for the γ-ray cascade within the multiplet structure depopulating from the isomeric Iπ=21/2+ state are found to exhibit strong deviations from predictions of standard shell model calculations which feature approximately conserved seniority symmetry. In particular, the observation of a strongly suppressed E2 strength for the 13/2+→9/2+ ground state transition cannot be explained by calculations employing standard interactions. This remarkable result may require revision of the nucleon-nucleon interactions employed in state-of-the-art theoretical model calculations, and might also point to the need for including three-body forces in the Hamiltonian.
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| 16. |
- Delion, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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A simple approach to alpha-decay fine structure
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 43:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a simple method to evaluate alpha-transition rates to low-lying excited states in even-even nuclei. For this a realistic alpha-daughter doublefolding interaction is approximated by a parabola in the region where the decay process takes place. This allows us to evaluate the penetration probability analytically. The main experimental features of branching ratios to excited states are reproduced by this simple approach.
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| 17. |
- Delion, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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alpha decay of high-spin isomers in superheavy nuclei
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 76:4, s. 044301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hindrance factors corresponding to alpha decay from two quasiparticle isomeric high K states are evaluated in superheavy nuclei. We found that the hindrance factors are very sensitive to the deformations and, therefore, they may constitute a powerful tool to extract spectroscopic information in these nuclei. The hindrance factors turn out to be very large, specially for nonaligned configurations. This indicates that if one of such states is reached the parent nucleus may become isomeric. It is also possible that alpha decay may not proceed through ground state to ground state chains but rather through excited states.
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| 18. |
- Delion, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Exact estimate of the alpha-decay rate and semiclassical approach in deformed nuclei
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 92:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compare the quantum mechanical procedures to estimate the total alpha-decay width from deformed nuclei in the laboratory and intrinsic systems of coordinates. Our analysis shows that the total half-life estimated in the intrinsic frame by neglecting the rotational motion of the core (adiabatic approach) is one order of magnitude smaller at beta(2) = 0.3 than the corresponding value in the spherical case. A similar calculation in the laboratory system of coordinates by considering the core motion (giving the correct theoretical estimate) predicts a reduction by only a factor of 2. The widely used "angular WKB" (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) semiclassical procedure provides decay widths which are comparable to the adiabatic approach. We propose a new and very simple semiclassical "angular momentum WKB" procedure to evaluate the decay width in deformed nuclei. It provides decay widths very close to the ones obtained by the exact laboratory coupling channels procedure.
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| 19. |
- Delion, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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High-spin proton emitters in odd-odd nuclei and shape changes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 68:5, s. 054603-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a formalism to describe proton emission from odd-odd nuclei based on a scatteringlike approach. Special emphasis is given to the case of transitions between states with different deformations. As an example we estimate the proton half-life of the odd-odd nucleus Cu-58 . Our calculations show that the change of deformation in the decay process has a significant influence on the half life. In addition, the angular momentum coupling of proton and neutron orbitals can result in an additional K hindrance of the decay. To fully account for the observed half life in Cu-58 , we propose shape mixing of the final state.
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| 20. |
- Delion, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Investigations of proton-neutron correlations close to the drip line
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 82:2, s. 024307-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton-neutron correlations in nuclei above the Z = 50 shell closure are investigated with the aim of understanding the behavior of the 2(+) and 4(+) states in Te and Xe isotopes, which remain at a rather constant energy as one approaches the shell closure at N = 50. Our calculations reveal that standard quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations, involving a quadrupole-quadrupole (QQ) interaction with constant strengths, cannot explain this feature. It is found that to reproduce the experimental data within this model one has to include a variable proton-neutron interaction. It turns out that an increased proton-neutron QQ interaction increases the collectivity (i.e., B(E2) values) when approaching the N = 50 region, whereas an increased proton-neutron pairing interaction decreases the collectivity. We thus conclude that the ratio between the B(E2) value and 2(+) energy is a "fingerprint" of proton-neutron collectivity and it should be determined in future experiments concerning light Te isotopes. Based on this criterion, we conclude that the available experimental data indicate an enhanced proton-neutron pairing interaction by approaching doubly magic Z = N = 20 and Z = N = 28 regions.
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