| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Holst, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Appreciating needs for innovative IT design
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management. - 1447-9524 .- 1447-9575. ; 6:4, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying user needs is important as use of interaction technologies have grown and influence leisure time and work. This paper presents methods for identifying and operationalising needs in design processes
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| 13. |
- Holst, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of three cytotoxicity tests in the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a spermine analogue on human breast cancer cell lines
- 2005
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Ingår i: Toxicology in Vitro. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3177 .- 0887-2333. ; 19:3, s. 379-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using three cytotoxicity assays, we have investigated the effect of the spermine analogue N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM)on four human breast cancer cell lines with different known genetic lesions. Cells were seeded in 96 well plates and DENSPM was added 24 h later to give final concentrations from 0.1 to 100 microM. At 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, the protein content was determined with a modified Lowry assay. Mitochondrial activity was determined with the AlamarBlue and MTT assays. These two assays differ with respect to where in the electron transport chain the reduction of the substrate takes place. Treatment with increasing concentrations of DENSPM resulted in differential responses in the four cell lines. There was a good of agreement between the protein content and the MTT assay showing increased negative effect with increased dose of DENSPM. The AlamarBlue assay on the other hand showed a stimulation of substrate reduction compared to control at DENSPM concentrations that were inhibitory according to the protein content and MTT assay. Thus, the data clearly show that the MTT and AlamarBlue assays are not equivalent. Importantly, the AlamarBlue assay presumably also reflects cytoplasmic reduction of the substrate through DENSPM-induced mechanisms.
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| 14. |
- Jansson-Lofmark, R., et al.
(författare)
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Does In Vitro Potency Predict Clinically Efficacious Concentrations?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 108:2, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vitro affinity of a compound for its target is an important feature in drug discovery, but what remains is how predictive in vitro properties are of in vivo therapeutic drug exposure. We assessed the relationship between in vitro potency and clinically efficacious concentrations for marketed small molecule drugs (n = 164) and how they may differ depending on therapeutic indication, mode of action, receptor type, target localization, and function. Approximately 70% of compounds had a therapeutic unbound plasma exposure lower than in vitro potency; the median ratio of exposure in relation to in vitro potency was 0.32, and 80% had ratios within the range of 0.007 to 8.7. We identified differences in the in vivo-to-in vitro potency ratio between indications, mode of action, target type, and matrix localization, and whether or not the drugs had active metabolites. The in vitro-assay variability contributions appeared to be the smallest; within the same drug target and mode of action the within-variability was slightly broader; but both were substantially less compared with the overall distribution of ratios. These data suggest that in vitro potency conditions, estimated in vivo potency, required level of receptor occupancy, and target turnover are key components for further understanding the link between clinical drug exposure and in vitro potency.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Löfström, Jan
(författare)
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Mot interkulturella färdigheter? De utomeuropeiska samhällenas historia i finländska gymnasiets läroplansgrunder, läroböcker och studentexamen
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordidactica. - Karlstad : CSD Karlstad. - 2000-9879. ; :2015:4, s. 66-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is since 2003 an optional history course, Meeting of cultures (Kulturmöten), in the Finnish National Core Curricula for upper secondary schools. The course discusses the history of non-European societies. Some of the learning objectives can be criticised for reproducing a static picture of culture and cultural regions and for emphasising the competence to identify cultural differences rather than similarities. How images of cultural difference are constructed and what social implications and political uses they have is ignored in the objectives. The article analyses the curricula, the textbooks, and the matriculation examination questions relating to the course. It discusses, partly from an insider perspective, how the connections between curricula, textbooks and high-stakes test limit the possibility to redirect the approach in the course. It argues there has been little space in the course for reflexive analyses of the production and uses of cultural difference. Yet recent minor changes in the core curriculum may push textbook authors and exam constructors to a new fruitful direction when interpreting the objectives and contents in the core curriculum.
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