| 11. |
- Costalago, David, et al.
(författare)
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The necessity of a holistic approach when managing marine mammal–fisheries interactions : Environment and fisheries impact are stronger than seal predation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:6, s. 552-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seal populations are recovering in many regions around the world and, consequently, they are increasingly interacting with fisheries. We used an Ecopath with Ecosim model for the offshore Central Baltic Sea to investigate the interactions between the changes in fish stocks and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) population under different fishing and environmental scenarios for the twenty-first century. The assumed climate, eutrophication and cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries scenarios modified seal predation impacts on fish. Fish biomass and catches are more affected by fishing mortality and the environment than by seal predation. Our results highlight that the impacts of the increasing seal population on lower trophic levels are complex; thus, we emphasize the need to consider a range of possible ecosystem contexts when evaluating potential impacts of top predators. Finally, we suggest that an increasing seal population is not likely to hinder the preservation of the main Baltic fish stocks.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Fridriksson, Jon Örn, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term adverse effects after retropubic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy : Nationwide, population-based study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0022-4790 .- 1096-9098. ; 116:4, s. 500-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Surgery for prostate cancer is associated with adverse effects. We studied long-term risk of adverse effects after retropubic (RRP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods: In the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden, men who had undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2004 and 2014 were identified. Diagnoses and procedures indicating adverse postoperative effects were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Relative risk (RR) of adverse effects after RARP versus RRP was calculated in multivariable analyses adjusting for year of surgery, hospital surgical volume, T stage, Gleason grade, PSA level at diagnosis, patient age, comorbidity, and educational level.Results: A total of 11 212 men underwent RRP and 8500 RARP. Risk of anastomotic stricture was lower after RARP than RRP, RR for diagnoses 0.51 (95%CI = 0.42-0.63) and RR for procedures 0.46 (95%CI = 0.38-0.55). Risk of inguinal hernia was similar after RARP and RRP but risk of incisional hernia was higher after RARP, RR for diagnoses 1.48 (95%CI = 1.01-2.16), and RR for procedures 1.52 (95%CI = 1.02-2.26).Conclusions: The postoperative risk profile for RARP and RRP was quite similar. However, risk of anastomotic stricture was lower and risk of incisional hernia higher after RARP.
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| 14. |
- Grabe, Magnus J., et al.
(författare)
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Tailored perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in urological surgery : myth or reality?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Urology. - 0963-0643 .- 1473-6586. ; 27:2, s. 112-119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review The controversies surrounding perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) are about the use and especially misuse of antibiotics. The overall lack of evidence to facilitate a rational perioperative AMP policy in urological surgery and the postoperative infectious complications remain a challenge. Therefore, a basic tool to aid decision-making would be useful. A model based on the patients' risk factors, the level of contamination and grading of surgical procedures is discussed.Recent findings A series of studies have shown that infectious complications and healthcare-associated infections remain consistently at an average of 10%, with a great variation in frequency dependent on the patients' preoperative status and the type, severity and contamination level of the surgical procedure. Preoperative patient assessment and preparation are key factors for well tolerated surgery and recovery. Adherence to the guidelines appears to reduce both the prescription of antimicrobials and the total costs without risking the patient outcome. Several studies of a series of interventions such as cystoscopy, endoscopic stone surgery and selected clean-contaminated interventions give support to the model. Bacteriuria, upgrading the patient to the contaminated level, requires preoperative control.Summary The discussed model assists the urologists in decision-making on perioperative AMP and contributes to a responsible use of antibiotics.
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| 15. |
- Hansson, Sture, et al.
(författare)
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Competition for the fish - fish extraction from the Baltic Sea by humans, aquatic mammals, and birds
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 75:3, s. 999-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seals and fish-eating birds have increased in the Baltic Sea and there is concern that they compete with fisheries. Using data from around year 2010, we compare consumption of different fish species by seals and birds to the catch in the commercial and recreational fishery. When applicable this is done at the geographical resolution of ICES subdivisions. Predation by birds and mammals likely has limited impact on the populations of the commercially most important species (herring, sprat, and cod). In the central and southern Baltic, seals and birds consume about as much flatfish as is caught by the fishery and competition is possible. Birds and seals consume 2-3 times as much coastal fish as is caught in the fishery. Many of these species are important to the fishery (e. g. perch and whitefish) and competition between wildlife and the fishery is likely, at least locally. Estimated wildlife consumption of pike, sea trout and pikeperch varies among ICES subdivisions and the degree of competition for these species may differ among areas. Competition between wildlife and fisheries need to be addressed in basic ecosystem research, management and conservation. This requires improved quantitative data on wildlife diets, abundances and fish production.
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| 16. |
- Hansson, Sture, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Response to comments by Heikinheimo et al. (in press) on Hansson et al. (2018): competition for the fish—fish extraction from the Baltic Sea by humans, aquatic mammals, and birds
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 75:5, s. 1837-1839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As discussions and debates are crucial to science, we appreciate the comments by Heikinheimo et al. (in press) on our article on competition for Baltic Sea fish resources between fishery and wildlife. We cannot see that the comments by Heikinheimo et al. changes the general conclusion derived in our original article—that there are cases of competition between wildlife and fisheries in the Baltic Sea, although not for all species and not to the same extent everywhere. Our responses are structured in the same order as the comments by Heikinheimo et al.
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| 17. |
- Holmstrom, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Do we Read what we Share? Analyzing the Click Dynamic of News Articles Shared on Twitter
- 2019
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2019 IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS ANALYSIS AND MINING (ASONAM 2019). - New York, NY, USA : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781450368681 ; , s. 420-425
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- News and information spread over social media can have big impact on thoughts, beliefs, and opinions. It is therefore important to understand the sharing dynamics on these forums. However, most studies trying to capture these dynamics rely only on Twitters open APIs to measure how frequently articles are shared/retweeted, and therefore do not capture how many users actually read the articles linked in these tweets. To address this problem, in this paper, we first develop a novel measurement methodology, which combines the Twitter steaming API, the Bitly API, and careful sample rate selection to simultaneously collect and analyze the timeline of both the number of retweets and clicks generated by news article links. Second, we present a temporal analysis of the news cycle based on five-day-long traces (containing both clicks and retweet over time) for the news article links discovered during a seven-day period. Among other things, our analysis highlights differences in the relative timelines observed for clicks and retweets (e.g., retweet data often lags and underestimates the bias towards reading popular links/articles), and helps answer important questions regarding differences in how age-based biases and churn affect how frequently news articles shared on Twitter are accessed over time.
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| 18. |
- Homeyer, Andre, et al.
(författare)
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Automated quantification of steatosis: agreement with stereological point counting
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diagnostic Pathology. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1746-1596. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Steatosis is routinely assessed histologically in clinical practice and research. Automated image analysis can reduce the effort of quantifying steatosis. Since reproducibility is essential for practical use, we have evaluated different analysis methods in terms of their agreement with stereological point counting (SPC) performed by a hepatologist. Methods: The evaluation was based on a large and representative data set of 970 histological images from human patients with different liver diseases. Three of the evaluated methods were built on previously published approaches. One method incorporated a new approach to improve the robustness to image variability. Results: The new method showed the strongest agreement with the expert. At 20x resolution, it reproduced steatosis area fractions with a mean absolute error of 0.011 for absent or mild steatosis and 0.036 for moderate or severe steatosis. At 10x resolution, it was more accurate than and twice as fast as all other methods at 20x resolution. When compared with SPC performed by two additional human observers, its error was substantially lower than one and only slightly above the other observer. Conclusions: The results suggest that the new method can be a suitable automated replacement for SPC. Before further improvements can be verified, it is necessary to thoroughly assess the variability of SPC between human observers.
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| 19. |
- Kost, Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Training nuclei detection algorithms with simple annotations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2229-5089 .- 2153-3539. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Generating good training datasets is essential for machine learning-based nuclei detection methods. However, creating exhaustive nuclei contour annotations, to derive optimal training data from, is often infeasible. Methods: We compared different approaches for training nuclei detection methods solely based on nucleus center markers. Such markers contain less accurate information, especially with regard to nuclear boundaries, but can be produced much easier and in greater quantities. The approaches use different automated sample extraction methods to derive image positions and class labels from nucleus center markers. In addition, the approaches use different automated sample selection methods to improve the detection quality of the classification algorithm and reduce the run time of the training process. We evaluated the approaches based on a previously published generic nuclei detection algorithm and a set of Ki-67-stained breast cancer images. Results: A Voronoi tessellation-based sample extraction method produced the best performing training sets. However, subsampling of the extracted training samples was crucial. Even simple class balancing improved the detection quality considerably. The incorporation of active learning led to a further increase in detection quality. Conclusions: With appropriate sample extraction and selection methods, nuclei detection algorithms trained on the basis of simple center marker annotations can produce comparable quality to algorithms trained on conventionally created training sets.
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| 20. |
- Källén, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Grading Gleason Score using Generically Trained Deep convolutional Neural Networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781479923496 - 9781479923502 ; 2016-June, s. 1163-1167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed an automatic algorithm with the purpose to assist pathologists to report Gleason score on malignant prostatic adenocarcinoma specimen. In order to detect and classify the cancerous tissue, a deep convolutional neural network that had been pre-trained on a large set of photographic images was used. A specific aim was to support intuitive interaction with the result, to let pathologists adjust and correct the output. Therefore, we have designed an algorithm that makes a spatial classification of the whole slide into the same growth patterns as pathologists do. The 22-layer network was cut at an earlier layer and the output from that layer was used to train both a random forest classifier and a support vector machines classifier. At a specific layer a small patch of the image was used to calculate a feature vector and an image is represented by a number of those vectors. We have classified both the individual patches and the entire images. The classification results were compared for different scales of the images and feature vectors from two different layers from the network. Testing was made on a dataset consisting of 213 images, all containing a single class, benign tissue or Gleason score 3-5. Using 10-fold cross validation the accuracy per patch was 81 %. For whole images, the accuracy was increased to 89 %.
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