| 11. |
- Andersson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajokull in 2008-2010 based on CARIBIC observations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7324. ; 13:4, s. 1781-1796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajokull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008-2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10-12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajokull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (similar to 45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50-77%) and carbon (21-43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 +/- 22 days.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Sofia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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End-of-life discussions in residential care homes improves symptom control : a national register study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2045-435X .- 2045-4368.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Europe, residential care homes (RCHs) rather than hospitals are the most common care facilities for the older adult and the place where most deaths occur in this age group. There is a lack of knowledge regarding end-of-life (EOL) discussions and how they correlate with symptoms and symptom relief.OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the correlation between EOL discussions and symptom occurrence, symptom relief and prescriptions or PRN drugs against symptoms for care home residents.METHODS: All expected deaths at RCHs from 1 October 2015 to 31 December 2016 and registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare the RCH residents, or their family members, who had received documented EOL discussions with a physician (the EOL discussion group) and the non-EOL discussion group.RESULTS: The EOL discussion group (n=17 071) had a higher prevalence of pain, nausea, anxiety, death rattles and shortness of breath reported, compared with the non-EOL discussion group (n=4164). Those with symptoms were more often completely relieved and had more often been prescribed PRN drugs against that symptom in the EOL discussion group. All differences remained significant when adjusting for age, time living in unit and cause of death.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that EOL discussions are correlated with higher prevalence of symptoms, but also with better symptom relief and prescription of symptom drugs PRN when symptomatic. A possible explanation for this is that the EOL discussion can work as an opportunity to discuss symptoms and treatment for symptom relief.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Significant radiative impact of volcanic aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite their potential to slow global warming, until recently, the radiative forcing associated with volcanic aerosols in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) had not been considered. Here we study volcanic aerosol changes in the stratosphere using lidar measurements from the NASA CALIPSO satellite and aircraft measurements from the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory. Between 2008 and 2012 volcanism frequently affected the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere aerosol loadings, whereas the Southern Hemisphere generally had loadings close to background conditions. We show that half of the global stratospheric aerosol optical depth following the Kasatochi, Sarychev and Nabro eruptions is attributable to LMS aerosol. On average, 30% of the global stratospheric aerosol optical depth originated in the LMS during the period 2008-2011. On the basis of the two independent, high-resolution measurement methods, we show that the LMS makes an important contribution to the overall volcanic forcing.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Ovisshetens tid – inledningskapitel
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ovisshetens tid. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 9789189673540 ; , s. 11-24
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vi befinner oss i ovisshetens tid. Säkerhetsläget i omvärlden är påtagligt försämrat. Det rasar ett krig i Europas östligaste delar. Ingen vet hur länge det kommer att pågå, om fler länder kommer att drabbas eller hur omfattande förlusterna kommer att bli. Kriget pågår här och nu. Men det påverkar generationer framöver. Ovisshet och oro kring vårt eget lands säkerhet har bidragit till ett paradigmskifte där tvåhundra års alliansfrihet brutits i samband med att Sverige ansökte om medlemskap i Nato. När det svenska inträdet kommer att ske är oklart. Det har sagts att ovisshet ofta härstammar från en känsla av förvåning, och förvåning är nog en adekvat beskrivning av reaktionerna på Turkiets, och senare även Ungerns, rävspel kring ratificeringen av Sveriges ansökan. När känslan av förvåning hunnit pågå under en tid övergår den ofta i ovisshet. Och det är ungefär där vi står nu. I detta inledande kapitel riktar vi blicken mot hur den svenska befolkningen upplever utvecklingen i Sverige, både generellt och med avseende på den ekono- miska situationen. Allmänhetens oro för ekonomisk kris, ett nytt världskrig och inskränkningar i yttrandefriheten granskas, likaså i vilken mån och i vilka situationer det möjligen skulle vara befogat att begränsa det fria ordet. I kapitlet analyseras också förtroendet för våra politiska institutioner och för våra politiker; det senare med utgångspunkt i hur uppskattade olika partiledare är.
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Västsvenska SOM-undersökningen 2016 - Uppföljning av Vision Västra götaland : SOM-rapport nr 2017:40
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som en del i utvärderingen av hur väl visioner och målsättningar för Västra Götaland uppnås, har den här rapporten fokuserat på en rad frågor som tillsammans speglar de vanor och attityder som finns hos invånarna i regionen. Med utgångspunkt i 2016 års västsvenska SOM-undersökning har medborgarnas demokratisyn, förtroende för politiker, utvärdering av Västra Götalandsregionens prestationer samt åsikter om infrastruktur och sjukvård kartlagts på detaljerad nivå. Vidare har invånarnas arbetsliv, livsstil och självskattade hälsa analyserats. Resultaten visar på många likheter i regionen men också på stora olikheter, varav många är direkt kopplade till socioekonomiska faktorer, utbildning och ålder. I detta avslutande kapitel sammanfattas och relateras rapportens resultat till Vision Västra Götaland – det goda livet.
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| 16. |
- Andreasson, Maria, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Recruitment using 'hot topics'. Consequences for efficiency and representativeness. LORE working paper 2013:2 : Recruitment using 'hot topics'. Consequences for efficiency and representativeness
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost-efficient and representative recruitment to online panels is a persistent challenge for commercial enterprises and academic research alike. In this study we examine how taking advantage of a “hot topic” that most people find involving and important affects recruitment rates and demographic and attitudinal representativeness. The hypothesis is that “hot topic” recruitment helps attract people that are normally not interested in social or political issues, and people with lower trust in politicians, therefore improving representativeness of those recruited. In this study, the case of the introduction of congestion charges around the city of Gothenburg is used as a local “hot topic”. We compare four surveys with a benchmark. Two random samples, and two opt-in samples. In each of these groups one survey used a topical inviation highlighting the issue of congestion charges, while the other used a general invitation to the survey. We find that using a “hot topic” in the recruitment phase doubles the response rate/recruitment rate, thereby making the topical approach twice as efficient and half as expensive as the general approach.No large differences were found concerning demographical representativeness between topical and general recruitment. Concerning political interest and trust, the hypothesis is partly confirmed: topical invitation attracts more respondents with low political interest, but no significant differencen is found conerning trust in politicians
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Azeem, Hafiz Abdul, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the isolation and estimation of elemental carbon in atmospheric aerosols using supercritical fluid extraction and thermo-optical analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 409:17, s. 4293-4300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air-starved combustion of biomass and fossil fuels releases aerosols, including airborne carbonaceous particles, causing negative climatic and health effects. Radiocarbon analysis of the elemental carbon (EC) fraction can help apportion sources of its emission, which is greatly constrained by the challenges in isolation of EC from organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. The isolation of EC using thermo-optical analysis is however biased by the presence of interfering compounds that undergo pyrolysis during the analysis. EC is considered insoluble in all acidic, basic, and organic solvents. Based on the property of insolubility, a sample preparation method using supercritical CO2 and methanol as co-solvent was developed to remove interfering organic compounds. The efficiency of the method was studied by varying the density of supercritical carbon dioxide by means of temperature and pressure and by varying the methanol content. Supercritical CO2 with 10% methanol by volume at a temperature of 60 °C, a pressure of 350 bar and 20 min static mode extraction were found to be the most suitable conditions for the removal of 59 ± 3% organic carbon, including compounds responsible for pyrolysis with 78 ± 16% EC recovery. The results indicate that the method has potential for the estimation and isolation of EC from OC for subsequent analysis methods and source apportionment studies.
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| 19. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Association of stigmatizing attitudes with people's opinion of depression as a valid reason for sickness absence: A Swedish vignette study
- 2022
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815. ; 73:2, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depression is a common cause of sickness absence (SA) and also highly associated with stigma. Few studies have addressed the role of stigma in relation to SA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if attitudes to depression were associated with the public's opinion of depression as a valid reason of SA. METHODS: The study population (n = 2413) originated from a web-based panel of citizens. The survey included a short vignette describing a person with symptoms of depression and the person's work tasks, followed by a question on recommendation of SA. Negative attitudes were measured by the Depression Stigma Scale. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for the likelihood of not recommending SA, controlling for individual and work-related co-variates. RESULTS: The crude association between negative attitudes and not recommending SA was OR 2.15 (95% CI, 1.76-2.62). In the fully adjusted model the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.40 - 2.21) for not recommending SA. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with negative attitudes to depression were more likely to not consider depression as a valid reason of sickness absence. The study supports theories on layered stigma; attitudes from one arena are related to other arenas. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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| 20. |
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