| 11. |
- Mikkelsen, Peter Steen, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring, chemical fate modelling and uncertainty assessment in combination : a tool for evaluating emission control scenarios for micropollutants in stormwater systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: WSUD 2012 - 7th international conference on water sensitive urban design: building the water sensitive community. - 9780858258952
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stormwater discharges can represent significant sources of micropollutants (MP), including heavy metals and xenobiotic organic compounds that may pose a toxicity risk to aquatic ecosystems. Control of stormwater quality and reduction of MP loads is therefore necessary for a sustainable stormwater management in urban areas, but it is strongly hampered by the general lack of field data on these substances. A framework for combining field monitoring campaigns with dynamic MP modelling tools and statistical methods for uncertainty analysis was hence developed to estimate MP fluxes and fate in stormwater runoff and treatment systems under sparse data conditions.The framework was applied to an industrial/residential area in the outskirts of Copenhagen (Denmark), where stormwater is discharged in a separate channel system discharging to a wet detention pond. Analysis of economic activities and GIS data on land usage allowed characterizing the catchment and identifying the major potential sources of stormwater MP. Monitoring of the pond inlet and outlet, as well as sediment analyses, allowed assessing the current situation and highlighted potential risks for the downstream surface water environment. The collected data was used in combination with an integrated dynamic MP fate model to estimate the MP fluxes in the catchment and the MP fate in the pond over a 10-year period. The model was also used to evaluate the potential effects of anticipated future climate changes as well as different scenarios for reduction of MP emissions while considering the uncertainty of the model predictions.
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| 12. |
- Mikkelsen, Peter Steen, et al.
(författare)
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Options de contrôle à la source pour la réduction d'émissions de substances prioritaires en zone urbaine : [ Source control options for reducing emissions of priority pollutants ]
- 2009
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Ingår i: Techniques Sciences Methodes, Genie Urbain Genie Rural. - : Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement. - 0299-7258. ; 104:4, s. 77-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- L’objectif du projet ScorePP est de développer des stratégies de contrôle à la source complètes et appropriées que les autorités, les villes, les gestionnaires de l’eau et l’industrie chimique pourront utiliser pour réduire les émissions des polluants prioritaires (PP) des milieux aquatiques en zones urbaines. Le travail se focalise sur les 33 substances prioritaires et groupe de substances dangereuses identifiés dans la directive cadre sur l’eau (2000/60/CE). Cependant, cette liste peut être élargie pour inclure d’autres polluants émergents ou être réduite si des composés représentatifs peuvent être identifiés. Le travail initial se concentre sur 67 substances comprenant des substances identifiées dans la directive sur la norme de qualité environnementale européenne (NQE) (2008/105/CE), sur des composés caractéristiques ainsi que plusieurs dérivés organométalliques. L’information sur les propriétés inhérentes, la présence et le devenir environnemental et les questions législatives est disponible à travers une base de données publique. Un système de gestion de données combinant les classifications d’identification chimique (CAS#), les activités économiques (NACE) et les classifications des sources d’émission NOSE-P a également été développé comme base pour la caractérisation spatiale des sources des PP en utilisant le système d’information géographique (SIG). Une autre partie du projet se concentrera sur les modèles dynamiques pour l’évaluation de source/flux à échelle urbaine, sur l’identification des modèles d’émission et sur l’optimisation des programmes de contrôle dans des villes cas. Des comparaisons, se basant sur plusieurs critères de contrôle à la source contre des options de réduction de rejets finaux, en prenant en compte les impacts environnementaux et socio-économiques, seront également abordées. Une autre partie du projet se concentre sur l’acquisition et la génération de données sur les PP dans plusieurs villes cas. Cela permettra d’identifier les sources probables de PP, de cartographier ces sources à l’aide du SIG, de comprendre le flux de certains PP et de proposer des options de contrôle d’émission pour ces villes. Cette base de données permettra, par la suite, de proposer des stratégies de contrôles d’émissions spécifiques pour chaque ville cas.
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| 13. |
- Nielsen, Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Disc Filtration with and without Addition of Flocculent on Nano- and Micro-Particles and Their Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Stormwater
- 2015
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 7:3, s. 1306-1323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many municipalities in Denmark and around Europe currently work towards separating stormwater and sewage. In existing urban areas this may imply disconnecting stormwater from the old combined sewer systems suffering from hydraulic overloading and discharging directly to nearby surface waters. Stormwater runoff may, however, be heavily polluted and Best Available Technologies (BAT) are therefore needed to treat the stormwater before discharge. The aim here was to determine the sizes of particles found in stormwater from roads and to evaluate the use of a cationic organic flocculant to increase the size of the particles and thereby increase the removal efficiency of a 10 µm woven polyester disc filter. The samples were collected in connection with a project testing a pilot scale disc filter for treating stormwater runoff. The micro-sized particles were found to be mainly below 10 µm (6.9–19 µm) and nano-sized particles were also observed (ca. 76–228 nm). The flocculent increased the observed particle micrometer sizes by 46% and the removal of particle-associate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was confirmed. The majority of the particles were, however, still below 10 µm after addition of flocculant, which shows that application of flocculants with the woven disc filter technology for stormwater treatment needs further refinement.
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| 14. |
- Nielsen, Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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Nano- and microparticles and associated pollutants in stormwater runoff : effects of disc filtration with and without flocculant addition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Specialist Conference. Advances in particle science and separation: from mm to nm scale and beyond. - : IWA Publishing. ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Danish municipalities work towards separating stormwater and sewage. But stormwater runoff may be heavily polluted and therefore it is needed to find Best Available Technologies (BAT) to source separate and treat stormwater before discharge into surface waters. The aim here was to determine the sizes of particles found in stormwater from roads and to evaluate the use of a cationic organic flocculant to increase the size of the particles and thereby increase the removal efficiency of a 10 μm disc filter. The samples were collected in connection with a project testing a pilot scale disc filter for treating stormwater runoff. The micro-sized particles were found to be mainly 2.1-19 μm in diameter and nano-sized particles were also observed (86-228 nm). Although the flocculant increased the observed volume of the micro-sized particles by 46%, the majority of the particles where still < 10 μm. Partial removal of particle-associate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was confirmed.
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| 15. |
- Nielsen, Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of stormwater particulates by disc filter technology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Presented at the 8th International Conference on Planning and Technologies for Sustainable Urban Water Management, Lyon, France, June 23-27, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The trend in the Danish society is toward disconnection of stormwater from the combined sewers and, where needed, local treatment using the best available technologies (BAT). The aim here was to assess a fast filtration technology for removal of particulate matter in stormwater with an emphasis on colloidal and nanosized particles. During the project period it rained 8.5 % of the time and the average daily rainfall was 2.9 mm/day. Based on three individual storm events it was found that 95 % of the particles were <10 µm. The nanosized particles (0.01-1.2 µm) were found to be anionic charged and in the size-range of 100 nm. The physical treatment of particle filtration at 10 µm was inadequate to remove the small particles identified in this project. Coagulation with a cationic coagulant and subsequently flocculation is suggested as process improvements technologies.
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| 16. |
- Nielsen, Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of PAHs to humic acid- and iron(III)carbonate particles by using passive dosing vials for investigating the transport of organic contamination in stormwater runoff
- 2013
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Ingår i: Interdisciplinary Discourse on Current Environmental Challenges. - Krakow : SETAC.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades, the growing urbanisation a nd increasing anthropogenic activities in urban areas have turned urban stormwater runoff int o a surface water quality contamination problem. The concerns of urban stormwater runoff as a source of contamination in the receiving surface water (lakes, rivers or sea) have been raised by researchers throughout the world (e.g. Broman et. al., 1987, and Xanthopoulos et. al., 1990), and have in Europe gained increased interest in relation to the implementatio n of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). Particles (often defined as >0.45 μm) has been foun d to facilitate transport of organic contaminants and metals in stormwater runoff system s, but little is known about the role of the colloidal fraction including nano-sized particl es (0.001-1 μm). Based on the large specific surface area of colloids and nanosized particles, t heir abundance, and knowledge about their facilitated transport of persistent organic polluti on in natural waters, they are likely to diminish the efficiency of engineered treatment sys tems unless appropriately accounted for. In this work organic and inorganic nanosized partic les were investigated for their ability to sorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) in an aqueous solution. These particles were used as indicators for stormwater particles which a re diverse in size and composition. For controlling the sorption onto the particles, passiv e doing vials were used (Birch et. al., 2010). Using passive dosing vials gives the possible to co ntrol freely dissolved analyte by equilibrium partitioning from a preloaded silicone membrane. It has been found that the presence of humic acid particles (80 nm) leads to an increasing amount of two PAHs (fluoranthene and phenanthrene) in the suspension. For iron(III)carbo nate particles (22 nm) sorption experiments are ongoing. Based on these results and a literature review, the importance of including particulate fractions for surface water q uality assessment in relation to the WFD will be discussed.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ramin, Elham, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of selecting secondary settling tank sub-models on the calibration of WWTP models - A global sensitivity analysis using BSM2
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 241, s. 28-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the sensitivity of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) model performance to the selection of one-dimensional secondary settling tanks (1-D SST) models with first-order and second-order mathematical structures. We performed a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) on the benchmark simulation model No. 2 with the input uncertainty associated to the biokinetic parameters in the activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1), a fractionation parameter in the primary clarifier, and the settling parameters in the SST model. Based on the parameter sensitivity rankings obtained in this study, the settling parameters were found to be as influential as the biokinetic parameters on the uncertainty of WWTP model predictions, particularly for biogas production and treated water quality. However, the sensitivity measures were found to be dependent on the 1-D SST models selected. Accordingly, we suggest a different optimum parameter selection for the calibration of WWTP models when either of the 1-D SST models is used. Using first-order models, the calibration should give equal importance to the adjustment of the hindered settling and slow settling parameter values. The adjusted hindered settling parameters have, however, no physical meaning, and might additionally obtain unrealistic values. In contrast, using second-order SST models, the focus of calibration should be on providing measured values for the hindered settling parameters. This approach is in close agreement with the recommendations made in the good modelling practice protocol on activated sludge modelling. Besides, based on the GSA results, adjusting the non-measurable slow settling parameter produces significantly less variance in the model outputs using the second-order model than using the first-order model. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Sørud, Mai, et al.
(författare)
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DEMFIL - treatment of stormwater for recreational use
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Wastewater Conference. - Malmö : Svenskt Vatten.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decoupling of stormwater (road runoff) in a residential area has been implemented in order to reduce flooding and to increase the hydraulic capacity of a lake with a high recreational value. The object here was to evaluate a disc filter technology in combination with a green polymer for flocculation for its feasibility of particle removal. Secondary, the particulate pollution in the separate road runoff should be assessed.The road runoff was found not to be highly contaminated with particle pollution, here measured as turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS). The particles were generally small (< 10 μm) and negatively charged. The disc filtration was hampered during the winter season and by the large fraction of small particles, but supplementing it with flocculation increased the removal efficiencies. The inlet particle concentrations (mg/L) affected the removal efficiencies, and events with inlet concentrations < 10 mg TSS/L or FNU had no statistically significant removal of the particle pollution whereas the events with the highest concentrations yielded among the highest removal efficiencies. The green polymer is as efficient as previously tested commercial coagulant/ flocculent and the disc technology is promising but need to be further tested with higher hydraulic loadings.
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| 20. |
- Vezzaro, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic stormwater treatment unit model for micropollutants (STUMP) based on substance inherent properties
- 2010
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 62:3, s. 622-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling the removal of micropollutants (MPs) in stormwater treatment systems is essential in a context that is characterized by a general lack of measurements. This paper presents an innovative dynamic model for the prediction of the removal of MPs in stormwater treatment systems (Stormwater Treatment Unit model for Micro Pollutants—STUMP). The model, based on a conceptual model of two-compartment (water and sediment) serial Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactors (CSTRs), can predict the fate of MPs based on their inherent properties, which are often the only information available regarding this kind of substances. The flexible structure of the model can be applied to a wide range of treatment units and substances. Based on the most relevant removal processes (settling, volatilization, sorption, biodegradation, and abiotic degradation), the model allows the dynamic simulation of the MP behaviour in the different compartments of stormwater treatment systems. The model was tested for heavy metals (copper and zinc) and organic substances (benzene and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate). The results show that volatilization plays a big role for removal of benzene while the removal of substances with high sorption capacity is mainly driven by settling. The model was proven to be able to predict the importance of the various fate processes for selected substances with different inherent properties. A thorough assessment of the influence of the various fate process parameters will allow a reliable assessment of the treatment performances for a wide range of MPs.
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