| 11. |
- Andersson, K., et al.
(författare)
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High-accuracy sampling of saproxylic diversity indicators at regional scales with pheromones : The case of Elater ferrugineus (Coleoptera, Elateridae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 171, s. 156-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rare beetle Elater ferrugineus was sampled at 47 sites in the county of Östergötland, Sweden by means of pheromone-baited traps to assess its value as an indicator species for hollow oak stands rich in rare saproxylic beetle species. In addition, Osmoderma eremita was also sampled with pheromone baits. These data were then compared against species survey data collected at the same sites by pitfall and window traps. Both species co-occur with many Red Listed saproxylic beetles, with E. ferrugineus being a somewhat better indicator for the rarest species. The conservation value of a site (measured as Red List points or number of Red Listed species) increased with the number of specimens of E. ferrugineus and O. eremita caught. Accuracy of sampling by means of pheromone trapping turned out to be radically different for the two model species. E. ferrugineus traps put out during July obtained full accuracy after only 6. days, whereas O. eremita traps needed to be out from early July to mid-August in order to obtain full accuracy with one trap per site. By using E. ferrugineus, or preferably both species, as indicator species, accuracy would increase and costs decrease for saproxylic biodiversity sampling, monitoring and identification of hotspots. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Low pre-death growth rates of oak (Quercus robur L.)-Is oak death a long-term process induced by dry years?
- 2011
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE. - : EDP Sciences. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 68:1, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose A complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors is believed to be responsible for several oak declines in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). This study aims to clarify the temporal process of oak declines, as well as identifying individual tree and environmental variables that affects growth rate and that may increase the risk of mortality. The study was performed in southern Sweden at three sites. Findings Cross-dating revealed that most trees had died during the last decade and that the growth rates of the dead oaks were affected long before death. Averaged growth chronologies of dead and control trees reaching 150 years back in time illustrated an excellent match up until around 1992, when a severe drought occurred after which the dead trees started to express reduced growth. Precipitation the previous year during August-September and during March-June this current year was of significant importance for oak growth. Site-specific results that showed that dead trees: included fewer small-sized trees, grew on non-clay soils, were more likely to have shelf fungus and cavities and were exposed to less sunshine. Conclusion The results support the theories that oak mortality is a long process that may be induced decades before the actual death.
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| 19. |
- Auffret, Alistair G., et al.
(författare)
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More warm-adapted species in soil seed banks than in herb layer plant communities across Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 111:5, s. 1009-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responses to climate change have often been found to lag behind the rate of warming that has occurred. In addition to dispersal limitation potentially restricting spread at leading range margins, the persistence of species in new and unsuitable conditions is thought to be responsible for apparent time-lags. Soil seed banks can allow plant communities to temporarily buffer unsuitable environmental conditions, but their potential to slow responses to long-term climate change is largely unknown. As local forest cover can also buffer the effects of a warming climate, it is important to understand how seed banks might interact with land cover to mediate community responses to climate change. We first related species-level seed bank persistence and distribution-derived climatic niches for 840 plant species. We then used a database of plant community data from grasslands, forests and intermediate successional habitats from across Europe to investigate relationships between seed banks and their corresponding herb layers in 2763 plots in the context of climate and land cover. We found that species from warmer climates and with broader distributions are more likely to have a higher seed bank persistence, resulting in seed banks that are composed of species with warmer and broader climatic distributions than their corresponding herb layers. This was consistent across our climatic extent, with larger differences (seed banks from even warmer climates relative to vegetation) found in grasslands. Synthesis. Seed banks have been shown to buffer plant communities through periods of environmental variability, and in a period of climate change might be expected to contain species reflecting past, cooler conditions. Here, we show that persistent seed banks often contain species with relatively warm climatic niches and those with wide climatic ranges. Although these patterns may not be primarily driven by species’ climatic adaptations, the prominence of such species in seed banks might still facilitate climate-driven community shifts. Additionally, seed banks may be related to ongoing trends regarding the spread of widespread generalist species into natural habitats, while cool-associated species may be at risk from both short- and long-term climatic variability and change.
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| 20. |
- Auffret, Alistair
(författare)
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The role of past and present management in the seed dispersal of grassland plants in the rural landscape
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The destruction and fragmentation of semi-natural grasslands due toagricultural industrialisation during the past 150 years has had seriousconsequences for biodiversity in the rural landscape. Currently, plantcommunities are usually better explained by historical than by presentday landscape configurations, and the ability for plant species todisperse in space and in time, within and between remaining habitatfragments or to restoration sites will be an important factor in thefuture diversity in the landscape. Here, I present a landscape scaleseed bank and seed rain experiment covering semi-natural grasslands,pastures on former arable fields, abandoned grasslands and smallremnant habitats. The results suggest that in addition to grasslandspecialists remaining in the field layer of abandoned grasslands,remnant seed banks have the potential to be important contributors tothe future diversity of the rural landscape. However, unsuitablegrazing intensities in current pastures are limiting the potential fordispersal of target species across the landscape. Despite large changesin agricultural practice, there still exists the opportunity for human-mediated seed dispersal to increase functional connectivity infragmented landscapes, and I also present a review article in which Iassess past and present human-mediated seed dispersal vectors, andgive recommendations for management and further research.
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