| 11. |
- Wang, Helin, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Naphthalene Imide-Based Interface Engineering Materials for Enhancing Perovskite Photovoltaic Performance and Stability
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:37, s. 42348-42356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ways to overcome surface charge recombination and poor interface contact are still the central challenges for the development of inorganic-organic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [6,6]-Phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is commonly employed in PSCs, but it has some disadvantages including high charge recombination and poor surface coverage. Therefore, the addition of an interfacial engineering layer showing efficient surface passivation, electron extraction, and excellent interface contact can solve the above problems. Furthermore, by employing interface engineering with a spike structure of the energy levels, the reduced energy losses are beneficial to elevating the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) in PSCs. Herein, the linear naphthalene imide dimer containing an indacenodithiophene unit (IDTT2NPI) has been developed as an excellent interface engineering material to strengthen the perovskite performance. The introduction of a spike interface on the top of a methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI(3)) film resulted in a high V-oc of 1.12 V with the optimal efficiency reaching 20.2%. The efficiency enhancement can be traced to the efficient surface passivation and enhanced interface contact. The mechanism of IDTT2NPI as the interface engineering layer was investigated by both experiments and theoretical calculations. This work provides a promising naphthalene imide-based interfacial material for high-efficiency and stable PSCs.
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| 12. |
- Wang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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The adverse impact of electric vehicles on traffic congestion in the morning commute
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many governments around the world are striving to promote the development of EVs for EV's sustainability and efficiency. However, EVs may induce extra traffic congestion in the morning commute. To illustrate this point, we incorporate the vehicle's energy consumption (EC) into the classical morning commute model to explore the EV's influence on the morning commute. First, we study the impact of the vehicle's EC on the waiting time in the user equilibrium (UE) state. Second, the properties of commuter's waiting time in the traffic system with EVs and gasoline vehicles (GVs) are analyzed. Finally, two interventions are proposed to alleviate the extra traffic congestion caused by EVs. The analytical and numerical results of this study reveal that i) EVs will induce extra traffic congestion, and ii) we can apply some interventions to alleviate the side effect of EVs and reap more benefits from EVs. The conclusions indicate that some interventions should be conducted when EVs enter the traffic system, which sheds light on the policymaking for the promotion of EVs.
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| 13. |
- Wang, Yongxing, et al.
(författare)
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Lifecycle Cost Optimization for Electric Bus Systems With Different Charging Methods: Collaborative Optimization of Infrastructure Procurement and Fleet Scheduling
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 24:3, s. 2842-2861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Battery electric buses (BEBs) have been regarded as effective options for sustainable mobility while their promotion is highly affected by the total cost associated with their entire life cycle from the perspective of urban transit agencies. In this research, we develop a collaborative optimization model for the lifecycle cost of BEB system, considering both overnight and opportunity charging methods. This model aims to jointly optimize the initial capital cost and use-phase operating cost by synchronously planning the infrastructure procurement and fleet scheduling. In particular, several practical factors, such as charging pattern effect, battery downsizing benefits, and time-of-use dynamic electricity price, are considered to improve the applicability of the model. A hybrid heuristic based on the tabu search and immune genetic algorithm is customized to effectively solve the model that is reformulated as the bi-level optimization problem. A numerical case study is presented to demonstrate the model and solution method. The results indicate that the proposed optimization model can help to reduce the lifecycle cost by 7.77% and 6.64% for overnight and opportunity charging systems, respectively, compared to the conventional management strategy. Additionally, a series of simulations for sensitivity analysis are conducted to further evaluate the key parameters and compare their respective life cycle performance. The policy implications for BEB promotion are also discussed.
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Xiaoling, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of novel alkaline-tolerant xylanases from fecal microbiota of dairy cows
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts. - 2731-3654. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as a promising type of prebiotics that can be used in foods, feeds, and healthcare products. Xylanases play a key role in the production of XOS from xylan. In this study, we conducted a metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota from dairy cows fed with different types of fodders. Despite the diversity in their diets, the main phyla observed in all fecal microbiota were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, one group of dairy cows that were fed probiotic fermented herbal mixture-containing fodders displayed decreased abundance of Methanobrevibacter and increased growth of beneficial Akkermansia bacteria. Additionally, this group exhibited a high microbial richness and diversity. Through our analysis, we obtained a comprehensive dataset comprising over 280,000 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes. Among these, we identified a total of 163 potential xylanase genes and subsequently expressed 34 of them in Escherichia coli. Out of the 34 expressed genes, two alkaline xylanases with excellent temperature stability and pH tolerance were obtained. Notably, CDW-xyl-8 exhibited xylanase activity of 96.1 ± 7.5 U/mg protein, with an optimal working temperature of 55 ℃ and optimal pH of 8.0. CDW-xyl-16 displayed an activity of 427.3 ± 9.1 U/mg protein with an optimal pH of 8.5 and an optimal temperature at 40 ℃. Bioinformatic analyses and structural modeling suggest that CDW-xyl-8 belongs to GH10 family xylanase, and CDW-xyl-16 is a GH11 family xylanase. Both enzymes have the ability to hydrolyze beechwood xylan and produce XOS. In conclusion, this metagenomic study provides valuable insights into the fecal microbiota composition of dairy cows fed different fodder types, revealing main microbial groups and demonstrating the abundance of xylanases. Furthermore, the characterization of two novel xylanases highlights their potential application in XOS production.
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| 15. |
- Zhou, Hui-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal timing for carbon capture retrofitting in biomass-coal combined heat and power plants in China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial decision-makers may wonder about the optimal timing for investing in carbon capture retrofitting in co-firing power plants, faced with uncertain benefits from upcoming China's carbon trading market and potential cost reductions derived from technology innovation. The decision on investment timing relates to the so-called waiting value, considering multiple uncertainties and trade-offs. This article applies a real options-based framework, adapted to deal with the waiting value in the context of multiple uncertainties of carbon market, technical improvements and biomass availability. The problem is solved through an efficient simulation method. The results suggest that the optimal retrofit timing for CCS (carbon capture and storage) in a co-firing CHP will be the year 2033 considering a basic scenario, in which the carbon price is 98 CNY/tonCO(2) (14.5 USS/tonCO(2)) in 2025, the growth rate and volatility are 5% and 7% respectively, and technical improvements are expected every six years and result in a cost reduction of 50%. In addition, we examine the effects of different sub-dimensions in the carbon market and technical improvement on anticipating the retrofit timing. The conclusions of this article provide decision-makers with strategies of adjusting the investment timing in response to their different expectations of market and technology developments. Further practical applications require judgments of future trends made by decision-makers and extensive data of specific cases.
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