| 11. |
- Siedlecka, A, et al.
(author)
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Primary carbon metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris plants under Cd/Fe interaction
- 1997
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In: Plant physiology and biochemistry (Paris). - 0981-9428 .- 1873-2690. ; 35:12, s. 951-957
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of the Cd/Fe interaction on primary carbon metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Slowianka plants was investigated. It was documented earlier that Cd induced a decrease in the leaf Fe content, and increased levels of Fe may reduce Cd toxicity. The aim of the present study was to check whether Cd is toxic to Calvin cycle enzymes and especially if different Fe levels can modify the Cd effect. Bush-bean seedlings were cultivated in the presence of different Cd concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 mu M) and at different Fe doses (deficient: 0 mmol, normal: 0.25 mmol, excessive: 0.5 mmol). Leaf content of ATP, ADP, Calvin cycle metabolites, activity of RUBISCO and carbonic anhydrase were measured. The influence of Cd/Fe interaction on the content of Calvin cycle metabolites seemed to be of both direct and indirect nature. The Cd-induced increase in ATP content, and in the ATP/ADP ratio, resulted from a decreased ATP consumption. At a higher Fe dose, the Cd/Fe interaction resulted in a revitalisation of the adenylate pool and Calvin cycle metabolites. The inhibition of RUBISCO carboxylase activity may be considered as the primary plant response to Cd-stress. The mechanisms of RUBISCO activation operate to overcome this limitation, although their efficiency was decreased by high Cd concentrations, resulting in decreased RUBISCO activity. At a low Cd concentration, the increase in RUBISCO activity was correlated with increased carbonic anhydrase activity.
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| 12. |
- Villand, P, et al.
(author)
-
Carbon dioxide and light regulation of promoters controlling the expression of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- 1997
-
In: Biochemical Journal. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 327, s. 51-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nuclear genes coding for carbonic anhydrase, a major mitochondrial constituent in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under limited CO2, were characterized. Two genes, ca1 and ca2, were found within 7 kb of genomic DNA, organized 'head to head' in a large inverted repeat. The DNA sequences for the two genes were very similar, even in the promoter regions and in introns, indicating that the repeat is a result of a recent duplication. To study gene regulation, elements from the upstream region of cal were fused to the arylsulphatase reporter gene. After transformation,the expression of arylsulphatase was regulated similarly to the endogenous ca1/ca2 genes, even when the promoter was trimmed down to 194 nt. Expression could not be detected when 5% CO2 was bubbled into the growth medium, but was induced within hours after transfer to air. The cal promoter was not induced in low light, but at intermediate light levels its activity was dependent on the irradiance. O-2 concentration had no effect on the promoter activity, indicating that photorespiratory metabolites are not triggering the response. The availability of cells transformed with a CO2-regulated reporter gene should facilitate further studies on the metabolic adaptations that occur in some green algae in response to the external CO2 level.
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