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| 13. |
- Dvinskikh, Sergey V., et al.
(author)
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Efficient solid-state NMR methods for measuring heteronuclear dipolar couplings in unoriented lipid membrane systems
- 2005
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In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 7:4, s. 607-613
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently (Dvinskikh et al., J. Magn. Reson., 2003, 164, 165 and Dvinskikh et al., J. Magn. Reson., 2004, 168, 194), some of us introduced two efficient solid-state NMR techniques for the determination of heteronuclear dipolar couplings under magic-angle spinning (MAS). These two-dimensional (2D) recoupling methods have been applied previously to simple amino acids, and to columnar systems with high positional and orientational order. In this work, we show that the 2D MAS sequences produce unparalleled H-1-C-13 dipolar resolution in unoriented lipid membranes. The recoupling experiments were applied to hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) in the liquid-crystalline L-alpha phase, and the results agreed well with previous NMR investigations using specifically deuterated phospholipids.
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| 14. |
- Dvinskikh, Sergey V., et al.
(author)
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Heating caused by radiofrequency irradiation and sample rotation in C-13 magic angle spinning NMR studies of lipid membranes
- 2004
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In: Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0749-1581 .- 1097-458X. ; 42:10, s. 875-881
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Application of rapid sample rotation and radiofrequency irradiation in magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR of lipid bilayers can significantly increase the sample temperature. In this work, we studied the extent of heating during the acquisition of H-1-decoupled C-13 MAS spectra of hydrated dimyristoylphosphatidyl-choline (DMPC) in the L. phase. First, we describe a simple procedure for determining the increase in temperature by observing the shift of the H-1 water signal. The method is then used to identify and assess the various factors that contribute to the sample heating. The important factors discussed in this paper include: (i) the spinning speed, (ii) the variable-temperature gas pressure, (iii) the rotor geometry, (iv) the power, duration and frequency of the radiofrequency irradiation and (v) the hydration level. A comparison of different heteronuclear decoupling schemes in terms of their ability to produce highly resolved C-13 spectra of DMPC is also reported.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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