| 11. |
- Holm, Mathias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Remission of asthma : a prospective longitudinal study from northern Europe (RHINE study).
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 30:1, s. 62-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the remission rate of adult asthma in a general population sample in relation to age, sex, asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis and smoking. A follow-up of the random population samples from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Northern Europe was conducted from 1999-2001 on 1,153 individuals (aged 2653 yrs) with reported asthma. Remission was defined as no asthmatic symptoms in two consecutive years and no current use of asthma medication. Remission rates per 1,000 personyrs were calculated and Cox regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl). An average remission rate of 20.2 per 1,000 person-yrs was found. There was no significant difference according to sex; the remission rates were 21.7 and 17.8 per 1,000 person-yrs in females and males, respectively. An increased remission rate was observed among subjects who quit smoking during the observation period. Subjects not reporting any asthma symptom at baseline had an increased remission rate. In the Cox regression model, ex-smoking (HR 1.65, 95% Cl 1.01-2.71) was associated with increased remission rate, and reporting any asthma symptom at baseline was associated with decreased remission rate (HR 0.7, 95% Cl 0.40-0.90). In conclusion, the present prospective longitudinal study showed that quitting smoking and the presence of mild disease appeared to favour remission.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Laerum, B. N., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of fish and cod oil intake with adult asthma
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 37:11, s. 1616-1623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A diet rich in fish or cod oil might possibly reduce the risk for asthma and atopic diseases. However, previous studies show conflicting results and no studies have assessed the potential long-term effects of childhood fish intake on adult asthma. Objective To investigate whether childhood and adult fish and cod oil intake was related to adult asthma. Methods In a large population-based study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), 16 187 subjects aged 23–54 years answered a postal questionnaire. The relations of fish and cod oil intake with asthma symptoms and asthma were analysed using multiple logistic and Cox regression analyses, with adjustment for gender, adult hayfever, smoking, age, body mass index, household size, dwelling, parental education and centre, and for maternal smoking and family history of hayfever and asthma in a subsample (n=2459). Results Subjects from Iceland and Norway reported much more frequent intake of fish both in childhood and adulthood as compared with subjects from Sweden, Estonia and Denmark. Current fish intake less than weekly in adults was associated with more asthma symptoms, while more frequent fish intake did not appear to decrease the risk further. No dose–response association was found between childhood fish intake and adult asthma, but those who never ate fish in childhood had an increased risk for asthma and earlier asthma onset. Adult consumption of cod oil had a u-shaped association with asthma, with the highest risks in those taking cod oil never and daily. Conclusion A minimum level of weekly fish intake in adulthood was associated with protection against asthma symptoms in this large North-European multi-centre study. Subjects who never ate fish in childhood were at an increased risk for asthma. Both indicate a possible threshold effect of fish on asthma.
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| 14. |
- Omenaas, Ernst, et al.
(författare)
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What can we learn about asthma and allergy from the follow-up of the RHINE and the ECRHS studies?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Respiratory Journal. - 1752-6981. ; 2:1, s. 45-52
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: The international population-based studies RHINE and ECRHS have provided new insight in the epidemiology and management of asthma, allergy and rhinitis in young adults. The aim of the present review is to focus on longitudinal results with regard incidence and net change of asthma and asthma-like symptoms, risk factors and management of asthma, with special reference to the Nordic-Baltic countries. Results: Asthma and rhinitis are common conditions that are important in a public health perspective. There are gender differences in incidence and remission. A socio-economic gradient that non-atopic asthma is more strongly related to poverty seems to have developed in the last decade. These findings will challenge our welfare states in the future. In addition, occupational, as well as indoor and outdoor environmental exposures, influenced the onset of asthma. The population-attributable risk for adult asthma because of occupational exposures is equivalent to an incidence of new-onset asthma of 250–300 cases per million per year. Genetic factors, allergic sensitisation, gastro-oesophageal reflux, habitual snoring, diet and other factors may also contribute to the onset of asthma and rhinitis. Even though management of asthma has improved, there are still great variations throughout Europe. These findings highlight the key role doctors and nurses play in educating and reviewing management of patients.
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| 15. |
- Sunyer, J., et al.
(författare)
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Asthma score : predictive ability and risk factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 62:2, s. 142-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Definition of asthma as a continuous score is a promising tool for population studies that has not yet been fully evaluated. Objective: We assessed (i) the predictive ability of an asthma score against the occurrence of different asthma-related outcomes and (ii) the risk factors identified when using an asthma score. Methods: The European Community Respiratory Health Study II included subjects from the general population randomly studied during 1991-1993 who were followed up in the years 1998-2001, from 29 centres in 14 countries. A total of 8956 subjects were included. The asthma score consisted of a simple sum of the positive answers to five respiratory symptoms. Results: Asthma score at baseline showed a linear relationship with incidence of asthma, the occurrence of asthma attacks, use of asthma medication and bronchial reactivity at the end of the follow-up. Asthma score at the end of follow-up was associated with known risk factors at baseline such as IgE to grass, rhinitis or body mass index, in addition to passive smoking in men [average score ratio (RR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.50] or changes in body mass index (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.27, per each kg/m2). Conclusion: The asthma score had good predictive ability against outcomes related with asthma and also good ability to detect risk factors. This encourages the use of the score as a measure of asthma in epidemiological studies on aetiology of asthma.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Svanes, C, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term reliability in reporting of childhood pets by adults interviewed twice, 9 years apart. Results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I and II
- 2008
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 18:2, s. 84-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of long-term effects of childhood pet exposure is usually based on retrospective information provided by adults, while there is little knowledge about the reliability in adult reporting of childhood events. We analyzed 8287 adults interviewed about childhood pets twice, on average nine years apart, in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Agreement between the surveys in reporting of childhood cats, dogs and birds were investigated with kappa statistics, and potential effects of disease status on agreement were analyzed with kappa statistics and multiple logistic regressions. Cats, dogs and birds in childhood were reported by 44, 41 and 38%, respectively. Cohen's kappa for agreement in adult reporting of childhood pets was 0.714 (95% CI=0.698-0.729) for cat, 0.709 (0.691-0.722) for dog, and 0.606 (0.591-0.626) for bird. Thus, agreement was significantly higher for reporting of cat and dog than for bird. Adult wheeze, asthma or atopy did not influence agreement. Neither did adult cat sensitization influence agreement in adult reporting of childhood cat. Childhood factors such as moving house <5 years, or growing up as a single child, in a large family or in a rural area, were associated with poorer agreement, while adult factors were unrelated to agreement. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Long-term reliability in adult reporting of childhood pets was substantial, and not influenced by disease status. Thus, collection of information about childhood pets from adults appears to be reliable for the purpose of studying adult allergic disease. Future studies should consider that the reliability was higher for a more important childhood event and influenced by childhood rather than adult characteristics. Imperfect reliability contributed to underestimation of the effects of pets on adult allergy; i.e. with a kappa of 0.71, a true odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 would be attenuated to 0.86. Future studies should account for non-differential misclassification error.
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| 19. |
- Zock, Jan-Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Domestic use of hypochlorite bleach, atopic sensitization, and respiratory symptoms in adults
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 124:4, s. 731-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Professional use of hypochlorite (bleach) has been associated with respiratory symptoms. Bleach is capable of inactivating allergens, and there are indications that its domestic use may reduce the risk of allergies in children. OBJECTIVE: To study the associations between household use of bleach and atopic sensitization, allergic diseases, and respiratory health status in adults. METHODS: We identified 3626 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II in 10 countries who did the cleaning in their homes and for whom data on specific serum IgE to 4 environmental allergens were available. Frequency of bleach use and information on respiratory symptoms were obtained in face-to-face interviews. House dust mite and cat allergens in mattress dust were measured in a subsample. Associations between the frequency of bleach use and health outcomes were evaluated by using multivariable mixed logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The use of bleach was associated with less atopic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89). This association was apparent for specific IgE to both indoor (cat) and outdoor (grass) allergens, and was consistent in various subgroups, including those without any history of respiratory problems (OR, 0.85). Dose-response relationships (P < .05) were apparent for the frequency of bleach use and sensitization rates. Lower respiratory tract symptoms, but not allergic symptoms, were more prevalent among those using bleach 4 or more days per week (OR, 1.24-1.49). The use of bleach was not associated with indoor allergen concentrations. CONCLUSION: People who clean their homes with hypochlorite bleach are less likely to be atopic but more likely to have respiratory symptoms.
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