| 11. |
- Wang, Feiyu, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of antibodies inhibits accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells in xenoantigen-primed mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Xenotransplantation. - : Wiley. - 0908-665X. ; 17:6, s. 460-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wang F, Xia J, Chen J, Peng Y, Cheng P, Ekberg H, Wang X, Qi Z. Combination of antibodies inhibits accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells in xenoantigen-primed mice. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17: 460-468. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Donor-reactive memory T cells are known to accelerate allograft rejection; in our previous study, we reported that combined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could prolong islet allograft survival in alloantigen-primed mice. In this study, we examine the effects of donor-reactive memory T cells on the xenograft survival and methods to prolong the islet graft survival. Methods: To collect donor-reactive T cells, we performed full-thickness rat skin xenografting on BALB/c mice and isolated the T cells from the mice after 6-8 weeks. These cells were then adoptively transferred to syngenic mice 1 day before rat-to-mouse islet transplantation. Three experimental groups were established in the adoptive transfer model: recipient mice treated with isotype mAbs (isotype group); mice treated with anti-CD40L mAb (anti-CD40L group); and mice treated with anti-CD40L, anti-OX40L, and anti-CD122 mAbs (3-combined group). Results: Lewis rat islet xenografts transplanted in naïve mice showed a mean survival time (MST) of 12.8 days, while the graft rejection was accelerated if the recipient mice were treated with adoptively transferred donor-reactive T cells (MST, 8.67 days). Treatment with anti-CD40L mb could not reverse the accelerated rejection (MST, 9.3 days). However, when anti-CD40L mb was combined with anti-OX40L and anti-CD122 mAbs, there was a considerable increase in the MST, which was 72.2 days. Compared to the isotype group, the 3-combined group had significantly lesser proportion of memory T cells and greater proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen. Meanwhile, in the 3-combined group, the production of anti-rat antibodies was markedly inhibited. Conclusion: Treatment with a combination of antibodies could significantly reverse the accelerated rejection mediated by donor-reactive memory T cells by inhibiting cellular and humoral immune responses.
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Youwei, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermoelectric and photovoltaic effects both present in MoS2
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5, s. 7938-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a finite-energy-bandgap alternative to graphene, semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently attracted extensive interest for energy and sensor applications. In particular for broad-spectral photodetectors, multilayer MoS2 is more appealing than its monolayer counterpart. However, little is understood regarding the physics underlying the photoresponse of multilayer MoS2. Here, we employ scanning photocurrent microscopy to identify the nature of photocurrent generated in multilayer MoS2 transistors. The generation and transport of photocurrent in multilayer MoS2 are found to differ from those in other low-dimensional materials that only contribute with either photovoltaic effect (PVE) or photothermoelectric effect (PTE). In multilayer MoS2, the PVE at the MoS2-metal interface dominates in the accumulation regime whereas the hot-carrier-assisted PTE prevails in the depletion regime. Besides, the anomalously large Seebeck coefficient observed in multilayer MoS2, which has also been reported by others, is caused by hot photo-excited carriers that are not in thermal equilibrium with the MoS2 lattice.
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| 13. |
- Hao, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Soil silicon fractions along karst hillslopes of southwestern China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Nature. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 22, s. 1121-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The karst region in southwestern China is undergoing soil erosion and rocky desertification. The different silicon (Si) fractions along the hillslopes in this mountainous region could benefit plant growth and alleviate the ecological deterioration. However, extensive distribution of carbonate rocks may lead to limited plant available Si. The mountainous terrain in karst region also leads to more Si output, which seriously affects the biogeochemical cycle of Si in this area. Yet, the soil Si fractions in the karst region have not been fully evaluated. Methods Soil profiles and their corresponding plants were sampled from two typical karst mountains in Guizhou, China. The different fractions of non-crystalline Si in soil, accounting for the most important pool for Si availability to plants, were analyzed by the improved sequential chemical extraction and Si concentrations in plants grown in this region were also measured. Results The concentration and storage of non-crystalline Si were higher at lower slopes (storage was 2.44, 2.73, and 3.25 kg center dot m(-2) for upper, middle, and lower slopes, respectively) than other slope positions. Grasses dominated at lower slopes and contained significantly higher Si (mean +/- SD: 14.42 +/- 6.63 mg center dot g(-1)) than trees and shrubs (1.94 +/- 1.78 and 1.29 +/- 1.00 mg center dot g(-1), respectively), which were primarily distributed on upper slopes. However, Si concentrations of the same plant species in different slope positions had no significant correlation with soil acid Na acetate-Si, the Si regarded as directly available for plants. Conclusions This study suggests that plant species and soil properties have a significant impact on the soil Si distribution of hillslopes in karst region. Soil erosion may decrease non-crystalline Si concentrations in soils and impair Si uptake in grasses, which need to be considered in ecosystem management in this region.
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| 14. |
- Jia, Xiaomin, et al.
(författare)
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Single crystal metal-organic framework constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets and its derivative for oriented lithium plating
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Elsevier BV. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 42:9, s. 1553-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This vertically self-pillared (VSP) structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics. Here, we prepare a single crystal metal-organic framework (MOF), employing the ZIF-67 structure as a proof of concept, which is constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets (VSP-MOF). We further converted VSP-MOF into VSP-cobalt sulfide (VSP-CoS2) through a sulfidation process. Catalysis plays an important role in almost all battery technologies; for metallic batteries, lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and low redox potential. However, during the half-cell reaction (Li++e=Li), uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase layer. When employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition, there are many advantage to using this framework: 1) the VSP-CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre-catalyst, 2) the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+ with the enhanced electrical fields, and 3) the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive dendrites. All these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.
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| 15. |
- Li, Donggang, et al.
(författare)
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Reactive Diffusion at the Liquid Al/Solid Cu Interface in a High Magnetic Field
- 2011
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Ingår i: Materials and Manufacturing Processes. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-6914 .- 1532-2475. ; 26:6, s. 821-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kinetics of the reactive diffusion at the liquid Al/solid Cu interface was investigated at T = 973 K, 1023 K, and 1073K in a high magnetic field of 11.5 T. During the annealing process, three stable compounds (delta, xi(2), and eta(2)) layers were formed at the interface of the couples, and a power function relationship between the mean thickness of the diffusion layers and the annealing time kept stable. Without magnetic field, the exponent of the power function for each compound layer was higher than 0.5, but it was close to or even smaller than 0.5 with a magnetic field. Compared with the field-free environment, the migration of the liquid/solid interface due to interdiffusion decreased in the presence of a magnetic field. A considerable decrease in the effective diffusion coefficient under a magnetic field provided a likely explanation for the experimental results.
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| 16. |
- Li, Xiaomin, et al.
(författare)
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A review of industrial wireless networks in the context of Industry 4.0
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wireless networks. - : Springer. - 1022-0038 .- 1572-8196. ; 23:1, s. 23-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been many recent advances in wireless communication technologies, particularly in the area of wireless sensor networks, which have undergone rapid development and been successfully applied in the consumer electronics market. Therefore, wireless networks (WNs) have been attracting more attention from academic communities and other domains. From an industrial perspective, WNs present many advantages including flexibility, low cost, easy deployment and so on. Therefore, WNs can play a vital role in the Industry 4.0 framework, and can be used for smart factories and intelligent manufacturing systems. In this paper, we present an overview of industrial WNs (IWNs), discuss IWN features and related techniques, and then provide a new architecture based on quality of service and quality of data for IWNs. We also propose some applications for IWNs and IWN standards. Then, we will use a case from our previous achievements to explain how to design an IWN under Industry 4.0. Finally, we highlight some of the design challenges and open issues that still need to be addressed to make IWNs truly ubiquitous for a wide range of applications.
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| 17. |
- Li, Zichuan, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of silicon on biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Integrative Agriculture. - : Elsevier. - 2095-3119. ; 17:10, s. 2182-2195
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crop harvesting and residue removal from croplands often result in imbalanced biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands, putting forward an austere challenge to sustainable agricultural production. As a beneficial element, silicon(Si) has multiple eco-physiological functions, which could help crops to acclimatize their unfavorable habitats. Although many studies have reported that the application of Si can alleviate multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and increase biomass accumulation, the effects of Si on carbon immobilization and nutrients uptake into plants in croplands have not yet been explored. This review focused on Si-associated regulation of plant carbon accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and nutrients uptake, which are important for biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands. The tradeoff analysis the supply of bioavailable Si can enhance plant net photosynthetic rate and biomass carbon production (especially root biomass input to soil organic carbon pool), but reduce shoot lignin biosynthesis. Besides, the application of Si could improve uptake of most nutrients under deficient conditions, but restricts excess uptake when they are supplied in surplus amounts. Nevertheless, Si application to crops may enhance the uptake of nitrogen and iron when they are supplied in deficient to luxurious amounts, while potassium uptake enhanced by Si application is often involved in alleviating salt stress and inhibiting excess sodium uptake in plants. More importantly, the amount of Si accumulated in plant positively correlates with nutrients release during the decay of crop biomass, but negatively correlates with straw decomposability due to the reduced lignin synthesis. The Si-mediated plant growth and litter decomposition collectively suggest that Si cycling in croplands plays important roles in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients. Hence, scientific Si management in croplands will be helpful for maintaining sustainable development of agriculture.
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| 18. |
- Ma, Zhaoying, et al.
(författare)
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Mineralogical and magnetic variations of periglacial loess in SE Tibet reveal mid-Pleistocene expansion of Tibetan glacial activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation and evolution of the cryosphere on the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance in understanding the Earth's carbon and climatic system. Periglacial loess deposits in southeastern Tibet offer a means to constrain this history as they contain critical information on glacial grinding and frost shattering processes in high-altitude mountain regions through time, which yield lithogenic fractions of largely loess silts and sands. Based on combined analyses of lithogenic magnetic properties and mineralogical composition, here we find that increasing high mountain production and supply of fresh detrital components since the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT, 1.2–0.7 Ma) led to a substantial increase of the lithogenic susceptibility and decrease in chemical weathering intensity of periglacial loess in southeastern Tibet. The agreement of these findings with similar results from eolian loess on the northern margins of the Tibetan Plateau suggests a plateau-wide glacier expansion during the MPT. Enhanced glacial erosion and freeze-thaw activities occurred in the high-altitude mountain regions of the plateau during the MPT, thereby providing vast amounts of fresh detritus for the formation of loess deposits. High and constant values of lithogenic magnetic parameters in the loess deposits after 0.7–0.6 Ma further indicate that the Middle Pleistocene is a critical period for the establishment of modern-like glacial and periglacial landforms on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results further suggest that enhanced Quaternary glaciation in SE Tibet occurred earlier than in the north, which we attribute to climate cooling combined with regional seasonal snowline lowering. As such, a close relationship exists between global climate changes, development of pan-Tibetan glaciations, and large-scale dust emission.
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| 19. |
- Qin, Zhilian, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical distributions of organic carbon fractions under paddy and forest soils derived from black shales : Implications for potential of long-term carbon storage
- 2021
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Ingår i: Catena (Cremlingen. Print). - : Elsevier. - 0341-8162 .- 1872-6887. ; 198, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black shales are characterized by a high content of organic carbon (C). Few studies have focused on the influence of land use on soil organic C (SOC) fractions from soils derived from black shale (black shale soils). The objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of land use on SOC fractions in black shale soils combining chemical determination and stable C isotope analysis techniques. Herein, we determined labile organic C (LOC), semilabile organic C (Semi-LOC), and recalcitrant organic C (ROC) fractions in various depths of soils in paddy fields (0-70 cm) and forests (0-120 cm) from black shale distribution region in Hunan province, China, and then investigated delta C-13 values of these soils. Results showed that the contents of LOC, Semi-LOC, and ROC in paddy soils (1.63-7.35 g kg(-1), 0.35-1.21 g kg(-1), and 3.75-14.8 g kg(-1), respectively) and forest soils (0.73-4.94 g kg(-1), 0.12-0.89 g kg(-1), and 1.44-8.96 g kg(-1), respectively) are significantly decreased with increasing depth. The contribution made by LOC to SOC in paddy soils was significantly lower than that in forest soils, while the contribution made by ROC to SOC was significantly higher in paddy soils than that in forest soils. In these two land uses, the delta C-13 values were higher in SOC compared to the ROC fraction, while the delta C-13 values were close in the ROC fraction below 20 cm soil depth. Our study indicated that i) new C is mainly limited to the surface soil layer (0-10 cm) in forests, while it can be leached along the soil profiles in paddy fields; ii) the estimated ROC pool is similar to 900 Pg within the 0-100 cm soil layer in terrestrial ecosystems, which should better represent the ability of soil C sequestration.
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| 20. |
- Ricordi, Camillo, et al.
(författare)
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National Institutes of Health-Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial : Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 65:11, s. 3418-3428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight manufacturing facilities participating in the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation (CIT) Consortium jointly developed and implemented a harmonized process for the manufacture of allogeneic purified human pancreatic islet (PHPI) product evaluated in a phase 3 trial in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Manufacturing was controlled by a common master production batch record, standard operating procedures that included acceptance criteria for deceased donor organ pancreata and critical raw materials, PHPI product specifications, certificate of analysis, and test methods. The process was compliant with Current Good Manufacturing Practices and Current Good Tissue Practices. This report describes the manufacturing process for 75 PHPI clinical lots and summarizes the results, including lot release. The results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a harmonized process at multiple facilities for the manufacture of a complex cellular product. The quality systems and regulatory and operational strategies developed by the CIT Consortium yielded product lots that met the prespecified characteristics of safety, purity, potency, and identity and were successfully transplanted into 48 subjects. No adverse events attributable to the product and no cases of primary nonfunction were observed.
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