| 11. |
- Iacobaeus, Helena, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Digitalt utanförskap : en forskningsöversikt
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den här rapporten bygger på en kartläggande litteraturstudie om internationell forskning av digitalt utanförskap. Digitalt utanförskap är ett demokratiskt problem när alltfler välfärdstjänster digitaliseras. Rapportens syfte är att undersöka vilken forskning som har publicerats inom området digital exkludering, samt vilka faktorer som nämns som bidrar till digital exkludering och vilka grupper som studerats som digitalt exkluderade tidigare.ModellEn användbar modell för att analysera digitalt utanförskap har utarbetats av forskaren Jan van Dijk. Den har tidigare illustrerats som en triangel med motivation som bred bas, men utifrån vårt arbete med denna forskningsöversikt föreslår vi att den illustreras som en trappa med stegen: motivation, tillgång, färdigheter, användning. Denna modell visar hur forskningen har gått från fokus på tillgång till digital teknik, till att se det som ett mer komplext fenomen.ResultatResultatet visar att tidigare forskning har förklarat och förstått individuellt digitalt utanförskap utifrån följande faktorer:Bristande motivationBristande infrastruktur/tillgångBristande kunskap och färdigheterLåg socioekonomisk statusBristande tillit/självtillitNär det kommer till samhälleliga faktorer som kan bidra till digitalt utanförskap så nämns:Bristande styrning och ledningMotsatsen till digitalt utanförskap är digital delaktighet och inkludering. Det främsta resultatet visar att det är en pågående process som här liknas vid en trappa. Eftersom den digitala utvecklingen är pågående kan inte digital kompetens och inkludering ses som avslutade processer; människor måste ständigt uppgradera sina kompetenser för att kunna hänga med. Människor som befinner sig på de övre stegen kan dock halka ner vid en förändrad livssituation,som att gå från anställning till arbetslöshet.SlutsatserDet saknas enhetliga begrepp om vad som avses med digitalt utanförskap, inkludering och kompetens, vilket kan försvåra jämförelserDigital inkludering är pågående process, som människor kan halka efter iDigitalt utanförskap kan förstås utifrån situationer snarare än utifrån människors karaktär eller identitet (som implicit innebär att det kan undvikas)Digitalt utanförskap kan handla om komplexa samband mellan flera faktorerDigitalt utanförskap kan förekomma i olika sociala grupper och ålderskategorierRapporten har en sammanställning över faktorer som lyfts fram i tidigare forskning som gynnsamma för insatser som syftar till digital inkludering. Det handlar om faktorer som i stort återspeglas i ovan nämnda modell:MotiveraSkapa tillgångFrämja färdigheterFrämja användningIdéer för fortsatt forskningMed slutsatsen i tidigare forskning om att digital inkludering är en pågående och komplex process eftersom den digitala tekniken ständigt utvecklas behövs fortsatt forskning som visar hur olika faktorer hänger samman och kan bidra till inkludering eller exkludering. Det behövs även fortsatt forskning om olika grupper, till exempel nyanlända och migranter samt människor med olika funktionsvariationer. Att fokusera på hur olika situationer påverkar digital delaktighet och inkludering framstår som relevant. Mer tillämpad forskning om hur offentliga digitala system och tjänster designas inom ett svenskt sammanhang skulle också vara värdefull, liksom utvecklandet av nydanande metoder för att studera digital delaktighet.
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| 12. |
- Melin, Ulf, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Balanced and integrated e-government implementation – exploring the crossroad of public policy-making and information systems project management processes
- 2018
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In: Transforming Government. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 1750-6166 .- 1750-6174. ; 12:2, s. 191-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to identify and elaborate on the various interpretations and implications of e-government as a process of public policy-making and as an act of information systems (IS) project management. The paper contributes to the search for a theoretical conceptualization by bridging policy project management and policy-making in public sector organizations at a crossroad of e-government to improve sustainable e-government research. Design/methodology/approach: The research design of this paper focus on a model balancing the two research fields; public policy-making and analysis, and project management in the IS field. Through this model, four critical aspects of the processes are identified: objective, incentives/motivation, input/trigger and coordinative actor. These critical aspects are illustrated through findings from four case studies that are re-analyzed here. The cases show how the conceptual model through different dimensions can balance the two perspectives to reach a more sustainable outcome of e-government. Findings: The paper shows that the two perspectives on e-government – public policy-making and project management – can be balanced and thereby reach a more sustainable outcome at this crossroad. The case studies re-visited in this paper are compared and serves as illustrations of these perspectives and different configurations of them in search for the crossroad. Research limitations/implications: A main contribution of the paper is that e-government projects should be studied in, and taking both public policy-making and IS project management into account to be sustainable and successful. Even if the case studies have been conducted in Sweden, the conceptual results in this paper can be analytically generalized into other setting. However, there is a need for more comparative and conceptual studies in the field of e-government to shed light on the multi-faceted crossroads illustrated in this paper. Practical implications: The paper offers new insights on how to integrate, bridge and even balance the two aspects of e-government policy aspects and projects management to achieve more sustainable and successful e-government. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the literature by shedding light on the crossroad of policy aspects and IS project management approaches in the e-government field. The paper points at the need to further develop the understanding and design of e-government at the crossroad of information system models and political science concepts. © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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| 13. |
- Nordqvist, Cecilia, 1962-, et al.
(author)
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Digitalt först? : kommuners och professionellas arbete för ökad digital inkludering
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I takt med att digitaliseringen ökar i samhället har bland andra biblioteken fått i uppdrag att verka för medborgarnas digitala inkludering. För att kunna vara digitalt inkluderade behöver medborgarna ha tillgång till digitala verktyg, kunskap om hur de hanteras och internetuppkoppling. Många som behöver stöd i frågor om digitalisering och inte får det på andra sätt vänder sig till bibliotekets medarbetare. Därför behöver personalen på biblioteken i sin tur både ha kompetensen och att kunna lära ut den. Kungliga biblioteket (KB) genomför under 2018–2020 regeringsuppdraget ”Digitalt först med användaren i fokus”. Projektet innebär att KB finansierar regionbibliotekens samordning av utbildning för medarbetare på folkbiblioteken.Den här rapporten beskriver kommuners och biblioteksledningars stöd till bibliotekens arbete för digital kompetens och inkludering. I fokus är att olika professioner som inte har utbildning i digitala tekniker ändå stöttar medborgare i tekniska frågor och med e-tjänster.Resultatet visar att styrningen från kommun och verksamhetsledning är svag men att medarbetare ändå stöttar sina besökare i deras frågor om digitalisering. De gör det trots olika dilemman de upplever. Till exempel risken att göra fel när de hanterar andra myndigheters e-tjänster, eller att de med sin skattefinansierade lön utför privata företags e-tjänster. De gör detta därför att det oftast inte finns någon annan att hänvisa till och medborgaren riskerar allvarliga konsekvenser om uppgiften inte blir utförd. Det kan handla om en redovisning till arbetsförmedlingen eller att betala en räkning.Bristen på styrning gör att medarbetarna till stor del får dra egna gränser för hur mycket och med vad de ska stötta medborgarna.Slutsatserna är att beslutsfattare behöver kompetens för att kunna fatta beslut för en bra styrning av digitaliseringen. Dessutom behöver frågan om vilka som inte nås av stöd alls diskuteras, och hur de ska få stöd, om de behöver.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- S. Gustafsson, Mariana, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Automation of income support in the public social services : a case study of an innovation that is still struggling
- 2019
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In: Uddevalla Symposium 2019. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789188847409 ; , s. 187-204
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Digitalization of public services has been high up on the political agenda in Sweden, with considerable efforts that accompany other initiatives to reform and modernize production of welfare services and their administration. Digital solutions are used to build both technical and organizational innovations in public services, as well as in bureaucratic decision-making. The “Digital first principle” is guiding the European policies in the field and is also central in the Swedish digitalization strategy for public administration. This means that the contact between the citizens, the companies or other society actors, and the public sector authorities shall initially and to largest possible extent occur digitally. A digital innovation that is currently spreading among Swedish municipalities is automatizing social assistance services mainly addressing income support for vulnerable citizens. In a context of nationally highly regulated income support schemes, the municipalities manage the digitalization of services highly differently, coping with inherent tensions in relation to their local autonomy. We have conducted a long-term case study following such an implementation case in a medium size Swedish municipality. Based on interviews, observations and workshops we can conclude that the implementation is hampered since it is not focusing on the core to coach for self-support and that it even made the system less transparent. This indicates that the principle ‘digital first’ has to be embedded into the core focus of the service and not address shallow interfaces.
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| 16. |
- S. Gustafsson, Mariana, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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It Is Always an Individual Assessment’: A Case Study on Challenges of Automation of Income Support Services
- 2019
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In: Electronic Government. EGOV 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030273255 - 9783030273248 ; , s. 45-56
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Income support schemes are key policies in an inclusive welfare state. To make them legitimate they are strictly regulated. As such they provide good prerequisites for standardization and automation, in theory. The aim of this paper is to analyze a case of municipal administration of income support, where automatization is resisted despite managements’ ambitions. We focus on the case workers’ interpretations of changes conducive to automatization and discuss how different service logics may explain the tensions and resistance of the frontline case workers. Our findings suggest that digitalisation and automatization challenge the balance of two logics and raise concerns of accountability in exercise of public authority; and concerns of value in terms of support towards self-sustainability and social integration of the clients (We are humbly grateful to the research council FORTE, for the opportunity to carry this research, through financing of the project: “The computer says no!” – en studie om det offentligas legitimitet och medborgares tillit när e-förvaltningen växer fram. We are also grateful to our informants in the Income Support unit in the municipality who shared their perceptions and experiences in this research.).
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| 17. |
- Sefyrin, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Addressing Digital Diversity in an Advanced Information Society : Ethics of care in a Swedish library context
- 2019
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to use the concept of ethics of care in order to explore and reconceptualize the entangled relations that come into play when employees (librarians and others) in a Swedish public librariy context work to support citizens with digital problems. Application of ethics of care lens is interesting in this context from at least two perspectives. It can be used as a theoretical lens to analyze the librarians’ care practices in their mission for digital inclusion and addressing digital diversity needs. By uncovering the entanglements of relations between the librarians, the services, the visitors of the library, and the digital technologies, it opens for a contribution to the reconceptualization of digital citizenship (Mossberger et al, 2008) in relation to digital divide and participation, as well as access to services and opportunities. A care ethics lens is also valuable in terms of uncovering tensions and value conflicts that arise from normatively conflicting principles that govern public administrations in practice, such ex. New Public Management (Giritli Nygren, 2009; Rose, Persson, & Heeager, 2015), or service manufacturing logics governed by business rationale (Cordella, Paletti, Chun, Adam, & Noveck, 2018; Gustafsson & Wihlborg, 2019).
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Söderholm, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Policy for Sociotechnical Transition : Implications from Swedish Historical Case Studies
- 2015
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In: Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. - London, UK : Routledge. - 1523-908X .- 1522-7200. ; 17:4, s. 452-474
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we analyse past sociotechnical transitions, and based on that we discuss the prospects for the central state in promoting radical transitions towards improved sustainability today. The case studies include the sociotechnical systems in Sweden providing for: (a) urban housing; (b) passenger cars as a favoured mode of transport; and (c) piped water/wastewater, all fundamentally transformed over the first seven decades of the twentieth century and especially in the 1940s up until the 1960s. The core lesson from the case studies is that the central state, by taking an active role and by coordinating the roles of different stakeholders, values and knowledge as well as different policy areas and instruments, can accomplish a coherent and effective management of such transition processes. Also in contemporary network governance settings the central state is well suited to accomplish such an active and coordinative role based on its legitimate power to design and implement different public policy instruments.
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| 20. |
- Wennström, Johan, 1987-
(author)
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Interpreting Policy Convergence Between the Left and the Right
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation is made up of four essays that address major problems in the policy areas of education and immigration in Sweden and an introductory essay that offers an overarching analysis of the results of the four individual studies. The first three essays analyze the significant decline in quality of elementary and secondary education since the late 1990s from three different angles: the decline in teachers’ working conditions and status (Essay I), the deficiencies in the regulatory framework of Sweden’s system of school competition between public and for-profit providers of education (Essay II), and the prescribed view of knowledge in Swedish schools (Essay III). The fourth essay examines the policy of refugee placement in recent years. It shows that peripheral and rural municipalities with declining populations and high unemployment have received greater numbers of refugees per capita than growing urban municipalities offering better employment opportunities. The introductory essay focuses on the common thread in the four essays, namely, policy convergence between the Left and the Right. In fact, the empirical evidence in the individual studies suggests that the Social Democrats and the Moderate Party have a propensity for policy convergence in the two areas analyzed, but that it is unintentional and hard to detect for the actors themselves. This observation runs counter to what is typically assumed in political science, namely, that the Left and the Right are polar opposites with widely divergent policy agendas.
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